This thesis report analyzes parameters of effluent from three textile industries in Bangladesh. Water samples were collected from the effluent treatment plants of three textile companies and tested for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and hardness. The test results found that all three samples exceeded standards for BOD, COD, and hardness. While pH and DO varied between samples, none fully met regulatory standards. The analysis suggests textile effluent requires further treatment before discharge to reduce environmental pollution.

1. Thesis Report
On
STUDY ON DIFFERENT PARAMETERS OF
EFFLUENT FROM DIFFERENT TEXTILE
INDUSTRIES

2. Prof Dr. S.M. Mahbub-ul-Haque Majumder,
Professor of Textile Engg. Dept. & Dean of Faculty of Science
and Information Technology
Department of TE
Daffodil International University

3. Submitted By:
Md. Mahmudul Hasan
ID.:102-23-2042
Md. Kamruzzaman Tanjir
ID: 101-23-1957
Raad Arefin
ID: 101-23-1920
Section:A (L4T3)
Department of TE
Daffodil International University
Date of Submission: 22-03-2014.

4. DECLARATION
We hereby declare that, this project has been done by
us under the supervision of . Prof Dr. S.M.
Mahbub-ul-Haque Majumder, Professor of
Textile Engg. Dept.& Dean of Faculty of Science and
Information Technology, Department of TE,
Daffodil InternationalUniversity.
We also declare that, neither this project nor any part
of this project has been submitted elsewhere for
award of any degree or diploma.

5.  We fell grateful to and wish our profound
our indebtedness to Prof Dr. S.M.
Mahbub-ul -Haque Majumder, Professor
of Textile Engg. Dept & Dean of Faculty of
Science and Information Technology,
Department of TE, Daffodil International
University. Deep knowledge & keen
interest of our supervisor in the field of
Textile Engg.
 We would like to express our heartist
gratitude to Prof. Dr. Md. Mahbubul
Haque, Head of the Textile Engg.
Department, Daffodil International
University, for giving us the opportunity to
accomplish the report. We also thanks to
Engr. Mr. Sumon Mazumder, Assistant
Professor, Department of Textile Engg.,
Daffodil International University. We
would like to express our heartfelt thanks
to Prof. Dr. Engr. Zulhas Uddin, Advisor of
Department of Textile Engg., Daffodil
International University, for all necessary
information for preparing this report.
We would like to express our sincer
gratitude to Mr. Md. Fakir Akhteruzzaman
, MD, Fakir Knitwears Ltd.;Mr. Md. Nashir
Hossain, MD, N.A.Z. Bangladesh
Ltd.;Mr.Md. Moshiour Rahman, MD,
C.P.M. Composite knit private Ltd.

6. ABSTRACT
The textile dyeing and washing industry plays an important
role in the economical growth as well as the environmental
sectors of Bangladesh. The textile dyeing industries has been
known to everybody as a threat for environment . Important
water quality parameters like pH, DO, Hardness, BOD and
COD were measured by testing samples. The samples were
collected of effluent water from three renowned and
international buyers recognized industries named Fakir
Knitwears Ltd. in Narayongonj; N.A.Z. Bangladesh Ltd. in
Gazipur ; C.P.M. Composite knit private Ltd. in Savar.

7. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Effluent treatment plant
 Various terms & definitions
 Process sequence of BIOLOGICAL ETP
 The chemicals which are used in biological ETP
 The machine which are used in biological ETP
 The process sequence of experiment
 Calculation
 Result
 Result chart
 Discussion
 Conclusion

8. All industrial operations produce some wastewaters which
must be returned to the environment. Textile industries produce
wastewater, otherwise known as effluent, as a by-product of
their production. Effluent from the textile industry is a major
source of environmental pollution, especially water pollution.

9. Effluent treatment is the process of removing contaminants
from waste water and household sewage, both run
off(effluents) and domestic. It includes biological, physical
and chemical process to remove physical, chemical and
biological contaminants. It’s objective is to produce a waste
stream(or treated effluent) and a solid waste or sludge
suitable for discharge or reuse back into the environment.

10. VARIOUS TERMS & DEFINITIONS
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD):
A quantitative measure of the oxygen needed by bacteria and microorganisms for the biological
oxidation of organic wastes in a unit volume of waste water. BOD is generally measured in
milligrams per liter (mg/l) of oxygen consumed over a five-day period.
Dissolved Oxygen (DO):
Dissolved Oxygen. It is a necessary constituent required for most organisms living in water. If the
concentration of dissolve oxygen reduces below 4-5 mg/L then forms of life that can survive begin
to reduce.
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD):
A quantitative measure of the amount of oxygen required to oxidize all organic compounds in a
unit volume on waste water - non-biodegradable as well as the BOD.
Hardness of water:
Water has high mineral content is known as hard water. Hard water contains bicarbonate,
chlorides and sulfates of calcium and magnesium.
pH:
pH is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration. In general terms, It is
the measurement of acidity or alkalinity in solution.
pH= -log [H+]

11. PROCESS SEQUENCE OF
BIOLOGICAL ETP
 Dyeing of fabric
 Waste water collection in ETP
 Pumping & screening
 Storage or homogenizing tank
 Neutralizing tank
 Distribution tank
 Oxidation tank
 Clarifier or sedimentation with lamellar pack
 Sludge return tank
 Sludge thickener tank
 Filter press
 Dry sludge
 Disposed to land filling.

12.  Conc. Sulphuric acid.
 Polyelectrolyte.
 Hypochlorite.
 Decolorant.
 Antifoaming agent.
 Nutrient salt.
 Ferrous sulphate
 Lime

13. The machine which are used in biological ETP
 Blower
 Polyelectrolyte machine
 Filter press machine

14. The process sequence of experiment
 The process sequence of COD test:
5 ml sample effluent +95 distilled water in a conical flask
10ml diluted H2SO4 in that flask
10ml KMnO4 in that flask. Heat(30minute)
10ml ammonium oxalate in that flask
Titration with KMnO4 in burette
 The process sequence of DO test:
5 ml sample effluent +95 distilled water in a conical flask
1ml mangous sulfate in that conical flask
1ml potassium iodide in that conical flask
1ml conc. H2SO4 in that conical flask. (shaking +keep in 5minute)
4-5 drops sodium thio sulfate in that conical flask
1ml starch solution in that conical flask
Titration with sodium thio sulfate in burette.

15. THE PROCESS SEQUENCE OF EXPERIMENT
 The process sequence of Hardness test:
20 ml sample effluent +20 distilled water in a conical flask
2ml buffer (NH4CL+NH3) in that conical flask
2-3 drops indicator (EBT) in that conical flask
Titration with EDTA in burette.
 The process sequence of pH test:
pH is tested by pH paper by taking effluent sample in a beaker.

16.  DOi=Initial dissolved oxygen
 DOf= Final dissolved oxygen
 DO= Dissolved oxygen
 D.F.= Dilution factor
 COD= Chemical oxygen demand
 BOD= Biochemical oxygen demand
 DOi=ml of 0.25N sodium thio sulfate*2
For sample -1
= 15.3*2
=30.6mg/l
For sample -2=32.4mg/l
For sample -3=34.8mg/l
 DOf=ml of 0.25N sodium thio sulfate*2
For sample -1
=5.3*2
=10.6mg/l
For sample -2=11.6mg/l
For sample -3=12.6mg/l
 D.F.=(vol. of waste water + vol. of distilled water)/vol. of
waste water
For sample -1
=(5+95)/5
=20
For sample -2=20
For sample -3=20
 BOD =(DOi-DOf) *D.F.
For sample -1
=(30.6-10.6)*20
=400 mg/l
For sample -2=416 mg/l
For sample -3=444 mg/l
 COD=(ml of KMnO4*100)/ml of sample used
For sample -1
=(42*100)/5
= 840mg/l
For sample -2=860 mg/l
For sample -3=820 mg/l
 Total hardness=(vol of EDTA* normality*50*1000)/vol of
sample wt.
For sample -1
=(2.7*0.01*50*1000)/20
=67.5 mg/l as CaCO3 equivalent
For sample -2=52.5 mg/l as CaCO3 equivalent
For sample -3=62.5 mg/l as CaCO3 equivalent
 DO=ml of 0.25N sodium thio sulfate*2
For sample -1
= 15.3*2
=30.6
For sample -2=32.4
For sample -3=34.8

17. Result
 The comparision of standard and raw effluents from different
textile industries are given below-
Sample-1=1. Fakir knitwears Ltd.
Sample-2= N.A.Z. Bangladesh Ltd.
Sample-3= C.P.M. Composite knit private Ltd.
SL
NO.
SAMPLE BOD
Mg/l
COD
Mg/l
DO
Mg/l
pH HARDNESS
Mg/l as
CaCO3 equv.
1 SAMPLE-1 400 840 30.6 8 67.5
2 SAMPLE-2 416 860 32.4 11 52.5
3 SAMPLE-3 444 820 34.8 10 62.5
4 STANDARD <50 <200 4.5-8.0 6-9 <25

18. BODTEST
0
100
200
300
400
500
Series 1
Series 1
CODTEST
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Series 1

19. Result chart
DOTEST HARDNESSTEST
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Series 1
Series 1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Series 1
Series 1

20. Result chart of
pH TEST
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
sample-1 sample-2 sample-3 standard
Series 1
Series 1

21. DISCUSSION
The results obtained from the experimental analysis of the wastewater
samples have been tabulated in the Table 1. According to table, the optimal
range of water pH from different industries is different such as 8, 11, 10.
Before discharging effluent, the Ph should be 6-8. We also observe the
difference of value of hardness from three samples. The hardness of
wastewater from different industries are different such as 67.5mg/l,52.5
mg/l,62.5 mg/l as CaCO3 equivalent . Before discharging effluent, hardness
should be kept in <25ppm of CaCO3. The DO value should be 4-6 mg/l. by
increasing dissolved oxygen, we can increase the biological organism which
decompose the waste in water. The BOD &COD values are high which are
collected from various industrius and these are dangerous for water ,land
and environment.
So all the parameter should be maintained the minimum standard before
discharging the effluent.

22. The textile industry is one of the leading sectors in the
Bangladeshi economy as it contributes nearly 14 percent to the
total industrial production. The untreated textile wastewater can
cause rapid depletion of dissolved oxygen if it is directly
discharged into the surface water sources due to its high BOD
value. The effluents with high levels of BOD and COD values are
highly toxic to biological life. The obtained results were very
much useful in identification and rectification of operational and
maintenance problems and it can be also utilized to establish
methods for improved.

23. THANKS TO ALL