Water management is the control and movement of water resources to minimize damage to life and property and to maximize efficient beneficial use.

1. WATER 2.5
By
Abhijeet Swain
Moumita Acharjee
Bidyadhar Baskey
Nibedita Naik
Ravi Shankar

2. Introduction
What is fresh water?
Water with less than 500 ppm of dissolved salts.
Facts
• Nearly 70% of Earth is water.
• Only 2.5% is fresh water.
• Only 1% of that fresh water is easily accessible.
• Only 0.007% of earth’s water is available for 6.8 billion
people.
Source- www.Nationalgeographic.com

3. Water Usage Globally
• Everyday 10 billion tons of fresh water is used world
wide.
• In a year we use around 4 trillion cubic metres of
fresh water.
• 75-90% of fresh water is used in agriculture.
• 1 ton of grain requires 1000 tons of water.
• An average person require 5L of water everyday for
drinking purpose in moderate climate.
• 1 Kg of chocolate requires 24,000L of water.
• 1 piece of paper needs 10L of water.
Source- www.theworldcounts.com

4. Source- www.who.int

5. Global Water Crisis
Source- www.eschooltoday.com

6. Contd.
• By 2025 , 22.5% of global population will live in
water scarcity areas.
• By 2050 , 5 times more land will be under extreme
drought as compared to today.
• By 2025, 1 billion more people will be there to feed,
so global agriculture will require more 1 trillion
cubic meter per year.
• By 2035, global energy consumption will increase by
35%, so water usage will increase by 15%.
• By 2050, water demand will increase by 55%.
• Over the past 40 years, world population is
doubled and water usage is four times.

7. Contd.
• Sub-Saharan Africa has the maximum number of
water stressed countries.
• On an average a human requires 12 gallon of water
per day but average American uses about 158
gallon of water everyday.
• Half of global population resides on those countries
where water table is falling.
• By 2050 , 1 in 5 developing countries will face water
shortage.
Source- www.seametrics.com

8. Causes Of Water Scarcity
pollution
• Every day, 2 million tons of sewage, industrial and
agricultural waste are discharged into the world’s
water ,which is equivalent of the weight of the
entire human population of 6.8 billion people.
• In developing countries 70% of industrial wastes are
released untreated into water.
• More than 80% of sewage water is being released
to water bodies untreated in developing countries.
• Every year more people die from polluted water
consumption than from all types of violence
including war.

10. Exploitation of ground water
• As per NASA satellite data 13 of the biggest 37
aquifers in world are distressed.
• Approximately 20% of the worlds population
depend on crops irrigated by ground water.
• Around 2 billion people in Earth rely on ground
water.
• In northern India ground water is getting depleted
at a rate of 54 billion cubic meters per year.
• In Beijing water table dropped by 1000 feet since
1970.
Source- www.seametrics.com

11. Misuse of water
• About 95% of water entering our home goes down
in drain.
• Running tap while brushing our teeth can waste 4
gallons of water.
• Leaky pipes where water fall at a rate of 1 drop/sec
can waste up to 2700 gallon of water per year.
• Many people in world use 3 gallons of water per
day or even less which we use in one flush in toilet.
• Over a quarter of all the fresh water we use in our
home is used to flush the toilets.
Source- www.chelseagreen.com

13. Effects Of Water Crisis
• Increase in global conflict.
• Lack of access to clean water.
- Currently 1.1 billion people lack in access to fresh
water.
- In every 90 seconds a child dies from water
related illness and disease.
• Food shortages
-By 2050 food demand will increase by 60%.
-Currently agriculture using 70% of fresh water in
world.

14. Contd.
• Energy shortage
- Global electricity demand is projected to grown by
70% by 2035, while India and China will account for
half of the growth.
• Economic slowdown
- Production of water intensive goods like cars,
food, and clothing could be limited by lack of
freshwater.
- Lack of freshwater can also affect worker
productivity by causing illnesses and higher water
costs for individuals can reduce household savings.

15. Contd.
- Approximately $24 billion worth of time is wasted
each year in gathering water.
- Ending the water crisis would result in $32 billion
in benefits by reducing health care costs and
increased productivity.
• UAE is planning to bring ice berg from Antarctica by
2020 but this will led to climate change.

17. Solution To Water Crisis
• Education needed to change consumption and lifestyle.
• waste water should be recycled.
• Improved irrigation and agricultural practices.
• Appropriately water should be priced.
• Energy efficient desalination plants should be
developed.
• Distribution infrastructure should be improved.
• R&D and innovation on technologies.
• Population growth control.
• Rain water harvesting.
• Transfer of technologies from developed to developing
countries.

18. Water Shed
A watershed is an area of land that feeds all the water
running under it and draining off into a water body. It
combines with other watersheds to form a network of
rivers and streams that progressively drain into larger
water areas.
Structural Measure
• The check dam we came across in our field visit is gully
check dam.
• That is a micro water shed(1000-5000 hectre).
• Check dam is made up of rocks and is made by people
participation and a perculation tank also for water
storage and recharge.
• This can be made at most in 40 degree slope.
• After six year the height of the check dam need to be
increased by 6 inch every year due to complete fill up of
soil.

19. Vegetative Measures
• Guava, lemon and mango trees are grown now in that
area.
• Bamboo trees are grown near the water shed so that it
can bind the soil and villagers also get profit out of that
bamboo by selling.
Management system
• Village committee manage the water shed and equal
rights are there for every people of village in forest
product.
• Rs 12500/ hectare was financed by NABARD.
• Committee maintain a Rs 6-7 lakh fund for
maintenance.
• They save the fund in bank.

20. Impact
• 71 new species of plants are found.
• Water table increased by 1 metre.
• Water is available all round the year.
• 2 new FPO are formed of mango cultivation.

21. Save Water Save Life