Hoefsted's Model

1. Hoefstede’s Model
Aishwarya Shirodkar
PGDM (2017-2019)
Acharya Bangalore B-School

2. INTRODUCTION:
• This Model was developed by Psychologist Geert
Hoefstede in the 1970’s.
• It depicts of a number of cultural dimensions observed
among people working in various organisations around
the globe.
• This model has become an internationally recognised
standard.

3. The six cultural dimensions include :
1. Power/Distance
2. Individualism v/s Collectivism
3. Masculinity v/s Femininity
4. Uncertainty/Avoidance Index
5. Long Term Orientation v/s Short Term Orientation
6. Indulgence v/s Restraint

4. 1. Power/Distance (PD) :
• This refers to the degree of inequality that exists among
people with and without power.
• A high PD score indicates unequal distribution of power
among people.
• A low PD score indicates equal and better distribution of
power among people(power is shared).

6. 2. Individualism (IDV) v/s Collectivism :
• This refers to the strength of the ties people have with
others in a society.
• A high IDV score indicates : Loose connections. There is
lack of interpersonal connection and little sharing of
responsibility beyond family and few friends.
Society values the performance of an individual.
• A low IDV score indicates : A society having strong group
cohesion, and there would be a large amount of loyalty and
respect for members of the group.

7. People take more responsibility for each other.
Society values the performance of the team.

9. 3. Masculinity (MAS) v/s Femininity :
• This refers to how much the society values male and
female roles in decision making.
• A high MAS score indicates : Countries where only men
are expected to be tough and assertive.
• A low MAS score indicates : Countries consider men
and women to be equal and we come across men and
women working in various professional fields.

11. 4. Uncertainty/Avoidance Index (UAI) :
• This refers to the degree of uncertainty societal members
feel when in unknown or uncertain situations.
• High UAI scoring nations : Try to avoid ambiguous
situations whenever possible. People are governed by rules
data, etc.
• Low UAI scoring nation : They are willing to take the risk
and encourage change. There are very few rules and people
are encouraged to discover the truth.

13. 5. Long Term Orientation (LTO) v/s Short Term Orientation:
• This refers to the time perspective.
• A high LTO : In a long-term-oriented culture, the basic
notion about the world is that it is in flux, and preparing for
the future is always needed.
• A low LTO : In a short-term-oriented culture, the world is
essentially as it was created, so that the past provides a
moral compass, and adhering to it is morally good.

15. 6. Indulgence v/s Restraint :
• Indulgence - Society allows gratification of needs and
depicts individuals enjoying life and having fun.
• Restraint – Society supresses gratification of needs and
have strict social norms.

16. Thank you