Physiologists usually need to test their scientific theories by performing experiments on living matter and, ultimately, on living organisms—animals or humans. This issue confronts the physiologist with ethical dilemmas: Can we perform physiological experiments while facing the possibly of harming living beings, or should we reject such studies, and thus preventing the good that can be derived from scientific progress?

1. Anatomy of the Limbs and the
Back- Lab 6
Rena Taher
Bachelor’s Degree in Laboratory
Medicine: An-Najah National
University/Palestine
Master’s Degree in Human Anatomy:
University of Edinburgh/United Kingdom
raltaher@najah.edu
Rena Taher

2. Muscles of the posterior
compartment of the forearm:
superficial layer: 7 muscles
Posterior view
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Anterior view Posterior view

3. Muscles of the posterior
compartment of the forearm:
deep layer: 5 muscles
Posterior view
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4. Muscles of the
posterior compartment
of the forearm
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6
Radius

5. Anatomical snuffbox
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6. The hand
v The hand is the region of the
upper limb distal to the wrist
joint.
v The skeleton of the hand
consists of:
• Carpals in the wrist (8 bones)
• Metacarpals in the hand proper
(5 bones)
• Phalanges in the fingers (14
bones)
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Flexor
retinaculum

7. Joints of the hand
Ø Wrist joint (radiocarpal)
Ø Carpal joints (intercarpal)
Ø Carpometacarpal (CMC)
joints
Ø Metacarpophalangeal
(MCP) joints
Ø Interphalangeal (IP) joints
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8. Joints of the hand
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9. Carpal tunnel
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10. Palmar fascia and
fibrous digital sheaths
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11. A quick reminder: movements of the thumb
Rena Taher