My last presentation about injury prevention in basketball players. Aspects such as injury definition, type of injury, sports injury system, specific characteristics of basketball, intervening factors, injury studies, forms of prevention, costs, trainig loads, assessments and tests, preventive programs, regenerative resources and return to sport are discussed.

1. Injury Prevention in Basketball
Prof. Adriano VretarosProf. Adriano Vretaros
Strength and Conditioning CoachStrength and Conditioning Coach
20202020

2. Injury Prevention in Basketball
Definition of Injury
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““Any physical complaint presented by anAny physical complaint presented by an
athlete, occurred during training orathlete, occurred during training or
competition, preventing him from exercisingcompetition, preventing him from exercising
his activity, regardless of the time ofhis activity, regardless of the time of
interruption and that requires some medicalinterruption and that requires some medical
attention”attention”
(Adapted from Nascimento & Silva, 2017)(Adapted from Nascimento & Silva, 2017)

3. Injury Prevention in Basketball
Aspects Involved in Injuries
BIOPSYCHOSOCIALBIOPSYCHOSOCIAL
PhysicalPhysical
EmotionalEmotional
SocialSocial

4. Injury Prevention in Basketball
Types of Injuries
(Adapted from Lauersen et al, 2018)(Adapted from Lauersen et al, 2018)
ACUTE InjuriesACUTE Injuries
CHRONIC InjuriesCHRONIC Injuries
CONTACTCONTACT
NON-CONTACTNON-CONTACT

5. Injury Prevention in Basketball
Sports Injury System
(Adapted from Bittencourt et al, 2016)(Adapted from Bittencourt et al, 2016)
““Multilevel Nonlinear Complex Dynamic System”Multilevel Nonlinear Complex Dynamic System”
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6. Injury Prevention in Basketball
Characteristics
1)-1)- Team Contact SportTeam Contact Sport
2)-2)- IntermittentIntermittent
3)-3)- Varied and Multiplanar MovementsVaried and Multiplanar Movements
4)-4)- Change of DirectionChange of Direction
5)-5)- Accelerations and DecelerationsAccelerations and Decelerations
6)-6)- Jumps and LandingsJumps and Landings
(Adapted from Xie et al, 2020)(Adapted from Xie et al, 2020)

7. Injury Prevention in Basketball
Intervening Factors - I
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Intrinsic Factors:Intrinsic Factors:
(Adapted from Marujo, 2014)(Adapted from Marujo, 2014)
- Age- Age
- Sex- Sex - Injury- Injury
HistoryHistory
- Somatotype- Somatotype
- Flexibility- Flexibility
- Fatigue- Fatigue
- And other- And other

8. Injury Prevention in Basketball
Intervening Factors - II
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Extrinsic Factors:Extrinsic Factors:
(Adapted from Marujo, 2014)(Adapted from Marujo, 2014)
- Environment- Environment - Game- Game
SurfaceSurface
- Equipment- Equipment
- Rules- Rules
- And other- And other

9. Injury Prevention in Basketball
Intervening Factors - III
(Adapted from Bahr & Krosshaug, 2005)(Adapted from Bahr & Krosshaug, 2005)
PredisposedPredisposed
PlayerPlayer
SusceptibleSusceptible
PlayerPlayer
INJURIESINJURIES
Yes or NoYes or No
Intrinsic RiskIntrinsic Risk
FactorsFactors
Extrinsic RiskExtrinsic Risk
FactorsFactors
Training + CompetitionsTraining + Competitions
+ Preventive Strategies+ Preventive Strategies

10. Injury Prevention in Basketball
Injuries - I
(Borowski et al, 2008)(Borowski et al, 2008)
- Ankle Foot- Ankle Foot
- Knee- Knee
- Head Neck- Head Neck
- Hip Thigh- Hip Thigh
- Hand- Hand
39,7%39,7%
14,7%14,7%
13,6%13,6%
9,6%9,6%
8,4%8,4%
UniversityUniversity
Players:Players:
- 2005-2006- 2005-2006
- 2006-2007- 2006-2007
IncidenceIncidence
(1000 hours):(1000 hours):
Training:Training: 1,401,40
Matches:Matches: 3,273,27

11. Injury Prevention in Basketball
Injuries - II
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NBA – 17 years (1988-1997)NBA – 17 years (1988-1997)
(Drakos et al, 2010)(Drakos et al, 2010)
INJURIESINJURIES (n)(n) (%)(%) Games Missed (%)Games Missed (%)
Lower LimbsLower Limbs 78537853 62,462,4 57,857,8
Upper LimbsUpper Limbs 19451945 15,415,4 19,319,3
TorsoTorso 16001600 12,712,7 10,410,4
HeadHead 951951 7,67,6 10,510,5
Cervical SpineCervical Spine 198198 1,61,6 1,81,8
SistemicSistemic 3838 0,30,3 0,10,1
GenitalGenital 0909 0,10,1 0,10,1
TOTALTOTAL 1259412594 100,0%100,0% 100,0%100,0%

12. Injury Prevention in Basketball
Injuries - III
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University PlayersUniversity Players – 3 years (2011-2014)– 3 years (2011-2014)
(Allen et al, 2019)(Allen et al, 2019)
INJURIESINJURIES MALEMALE
Athletes (n)Athletes (n)
FEMALEFEMALE
Athletes (n)Athletes (n)
MatchesMatches 217217 241241
TrainingTraining 342342 258258

13. Injury Prevention in Basketball
Injuries - IV
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6 seasons – 65% Lower Limbs –6 seasons – 65% Lower Limbs – ↑↑ AnkleAnkle
(Adapted from Deitch et al, 2006)(Adapted from Deitch et al, 2006)
*** p>0,05 ****** p>0,05 ***

14. Injury Prevention in Basketball
Injuries - V
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Professional AthletesProfessional Athletes
(Adapted from Caparrós et al, 2016)(Adapted from Caparrós et al, 2016)

15. Injury Prevention in Basketball
Injuries - VI
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University Athletes (n=08 teams) – 2 seasonsUniversity Athletes (n=08 teams) – 2 seasons
(Adapted from Meeuwise et al, 2003)(Adapted from Meeuwise et al, 2003)
The KeyThe Key
68,0%68,0%
MidcourtMidcourt
10,0%10,0%
3-Point Line3-Point Line
8,5%8,5%
CenterCenter
7,8%7,8%
Out of BoundsOut of Bounds
5,0%5,0%

16. Injury Prevention in Basketball
Injuries - VII
● A
(Adapted from Costa et al, 2018)(Adapted from Costa et al, 2018)

17. Injury Prevention in Basketball
How to Prevent?
SMARTSMART
TRAININGTRAINING
Injury PreventionInjury Prevention
High PerformanceHigh Performance

18. Injury Prevention in Basketball
Cost of Injuries
PREVENTIONPREVENTION
ProgramsPrograms
REHABILITATIONREHABILITATION
ProgramsPrograms HIGH CostHIGH Cost
LOW CostLOW Cost
DIRECT CostDIRECT Cost
INDIRECT CostINDIRECT Cost
MedicalMedical
ExpensesExpenses
Times-LossTimes-Loss

19. Injury Prevention in Basketball
Training Loads - I
Dose-response of Loads - IDose-response of Loads - I
(External and Internal)(External and Internal)
EXTERNALEXTERNAL
LOAD:LOAD:
- Volume- Volume
- Intensity- Intensity
- Density- Density
- Complexity- Complexity
INTERNALINTERNAL
LOAD:LOAD:
- HR- HR
- Lactate- Lactate
- CPK- CPK
- TC Ratio- TC Ratio
- RPE- RPE
- Monotomy Index- Monotomy Index
- Etc- Etc

20. Injury Prevention in Basketball
Training Loads - II
(Adapted from Gabbett, 2016)(Adapted from Gabbett, 2016)
Dose-response of Loads - IIDose-response of Loads - II
(External and Internal)(External and Internal)
- Threshold- Threshold
- Acute-Chronic- Acute-Chronic
Workload RatioWorkload Ratio
10% weekly10% weekly
SAFETY ZoneSAFETY Zone: ~0,6 – 1,3: ~0,6 – 1,3
RISK Zone:RISK Zone: ≥1,5≥1,5

21. Injury Prevention in Basketball
Training Loads - III
(Adapted from Gabbett, 2016)(Adapted from Gabbett, 2016)
Dose-response of Loads - IIIDose-response of Loads - III
(External and Internal)(External and Internal)
-Train “STRONG”-Train “STRONG”
InappropriateInappropriate
- Train “STRONG”- Train “STRONG”
AppropriatelyAppropriately
INJURIESINJURIES
Protective NaturalProtective Natural
EffectEffect

22. Injury Prevention in Basketball
Training Loads - IV
(Adapted from Talukder et al, 2016)(Adapted from Talukder et al, 2016)
““Load Management” - NBALoad Management” - NBA
- Average speed of the player during the games- Average speed of the player during the games (**)(**)
- Total Participation in Games + Average Minutes Played- Total Participation in Games + Average Minutes Played (**)(**)
- Average distance traveled- Average distance traveled (*)(*)
- Average number of field goals attempted- Average number of field goals attempted (***)(***)

23. Injury Prevention in Basketball
Assessments Tests
Tests:Tests:
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Ankle:Ankle: Dorsiflexion Long Test, Hop Tests, etcDorsiflexion Long Test, Hop Tests, etc
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Knee:Knee: VideoVideo Drop Jump Test, Lauchmann Test, etcDrop Jump Test, Lauchmann Test, etc
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Hip:Hip: Thomas Test, etcThomas Test, etc
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Balance:Balance: SEBT, YBT, Stabilometer, etcSEBT, YBT, Stabilometer, etc
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Strength:Strength: Isokinetic, Conc, Ecc, Isometric, Core, etcIsokinetic, Conc, Ecc, Isometric, Core, etc
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Compensations:Compensations: FMS, etcFMS, etc
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Asymmetries:Asymmetries: Hop Tests, Single-Leg Vertical Jump, etcHop Tests, Single-Leg Vertical Jump, etc
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Postural:Postural: Biophotogrammetry, etcBiophotogrammetry, etc

24. Injury Prevention in Basketball
Preventive Programs - I
Types of Programs:Types of Programs:
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MulticomponentMulticomponent
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SportsmetricsSportsmetrics
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Specific ProgramsSpecific Programs

25. Injury Prevention in Basketball
Preventive Programs - II
Multicomponent Exercises:Multicomponent Exercises:
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StrengthStrength
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AgilityAgility
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PlyometricsPlyometrics
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BalanceBalance
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MobilityFlexibilityMobilityFlexibility
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MovementMovement
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Functional TasksFunctional Tasks
(Adapted from Brunner et al, 2019)(Adapted from Brunner et al, 2019)

26. Injury Prevention in Basketball
Preventive Programs - III
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FIFA 11+ - Youth Basketball Athletes – (n=11 teams) –FIFA 11+ - Youth Basketball Athletes – (n=11 teams) –
PROGRAM: 9 months (3-4 times per week)PROGRAM: 9 months (3-4 times per week)
(Adapted from Longo et al, 2012)(Adapted from Longo et al, 2012)

27. Injury Prevention in Basketball
Preventive Programs - IV
(Adapted from Paschoal et al, 2013)(Adapted from Paschoal et al, 2013)
ACTION PLANACTION PLAN
1)- Establish the1)- Establish the
Severity of InjurySeverity of Injury
2)- Check the2)- Check the
Generating FactorGenerating Factor
3)- Adopting3)- Adopting
Preventive MeasuresPreventive Measures
4)- Assess the4)- Assess the
EffectivenessEffectiveness

28. Injury Prevention in Basketball
Preventive Programs - V
(Adapted from Bompa & Haff, 2012)(Adapted from Bompa & Haff, 2012)
REGENERATIVE RESOURCESREGENERATIVE RESOURCES
- Cryotherapy- Cryotherapy
- Compressive Garments- Compressive Garments
- Massage- Massage
- Hydrotherapy- Hydrotherapy
- Hydration- Hydration
- Nutrição- Nutrição
- Sleep- Sleep
- And Others- And Others

29. Injury Prevention in Basketball
Return to Sport After Rehabilitation
(Adapted from Ardern et al, 2016)(Adapted from Ardern et al, 2016)
1)- Return to1)- Return to
TRAININGTRAINING
2)- Return to2)- Return to
SPORTSPORT
3)- Return to3)- Return to
PERFORMANCEPERFORMANCE
- Final Rehabilitation- Final Rehabilitation
Stage;Stage;
- Adapted Training;- Adapted Training;
- Reconditioning;- Reconditioning;
- Athlete Psychological- Athlete Psychological
Safety;Safety;
- Etc- Etc
- Integral Traininhg;- Integral Traininhg;
- Gradual Load Increase;- Gradual Load Increase;
- Increase Specific Skills;- Increase Specific Skills;
- Etc- Etc
- Final Phase of Physical- Final Phase of Physical
Conditioning;Conditioning;
- Game Pace Acquisition;- Game Pace Acquisition;
- Gradual Return to- Gradual Return to
Competitions;Competitions;
-Etc-Etc

30. Injury Prevention in Basketball
Final Considerations
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THANKS!!!THANKS!!!
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E-Mail:E-Mail: avretaros@gmail.comavretaros@gmail.com