Handball: Conditioning for Players

Handball:
Conditioning for Players
Adriano VretarosAdriano Vretaros
Strength and Conditioning CoachStrength and Conditioning Coach
20202020
São Paulo – BRAZILSão Paulo – BRAZIL
avretaros@gmail.comavretaros@gmail.com

2
Handball: Conditioning for Players
Characteristics - I
●
Olympic Team Ball SportOlympic Team Ball Sport
●
Intermittent and AcyclicIntermittent and Acyclic
●
Invasion and Evasion GameInvasion and Evasion Game
●
Intense Body ContactIntense Body Contact
●
Open Motor ActivityOpen Motor Activity

3
Characteristics - II
●
GAME:GAME:
●
2 periods of 30 minutes each2 periods of 30 minutes each
●
(Half Time Break: 10 minutes)(Half Time Break: 10 minutes)
●
GAME COURT:GAME COURT:
●
40m x 20m40m x 20m
●
BALL:BALL:
●
MALE Players:MALE Players: Circumference:Circumference: 58-60cm –58-60cm –
Weight:Weight: 425-475g425-475g
●
FEMALE Players:FEMALE Players: Circumference:Circumference: 54-56cm –54-56cm –
Weight:Weight: 325-400g325-400g

4
Characteristics - III
●
DISPLACEMENTS:DISPLACEMENTS:
1)-1)- CyclicCyclic
2)-2)- AcyclicAcyclic
3)-3)- With BallWith Ball
4)-4)- Without BallWithout Ball

5
Characteristics - IV
●
MOVEMENTS:MOVEMENTS:
1)-1)- RunningRunning
2)-2)- JumpingJumping
3)-3)- SprintingSprinting
4)-4)- Arm ThrowingArm Throwing
5)-5)- HittingHitting
6)-6)- BlockingBlocking
7)-7)- PushingPushing
8)-8)- PassingPassing
9)-9)- TacklingTackling
10)-10)- CatchingCatching

6
Bioenergetic Systems
(Bompa & Haff, 2012)(Bompa & Haff, 2012)
ATP-PC ***ATP-PC ***
Anaerobic LacticAnaerobic Lactic
AerobicAerobic
80%80%
10%10%
10%10%

7
Travelled Distance - I
(Cardinale, 2006)(Cardinale, 2006)
2000 – 6000 meters2000 – 6000 meters
Position on the FieldPosition on the Field Tactical Offensive andorTactical Offensive andor
DefensiveDefensive
Game SituationGame SituationTeam CharacteristicsTeam Characteristics

8
Travelled Distance - II
(Adapted from Cardinale, 2006)(Adapted from Cardinale, 2006)
POSITIONPOSITION DISTANCE (m)DISTANCE (m)
Left WingLeft Wing 35573557
Right WingRight Wing 40834083
Left BackLeft Back 34643464
Right BackRight Back 28572857
PivotPivot 35313531

9
Travelled Distance - III
(Adapted from Mais, 1989)(Adapted from Mais, 1989)
FrontalFrontal
(m)(m)
LateralLateral
(m)(m)
DiagonalDiagonal
(m)(m)
BackBack
(m)(m)
AttackAttack 117,0117,0 7,07,0 59,059,0 67,067,0
DefenseDefense 102,0102,0 67,067,0 75,075,0 81,081,0
Attack-Attack-
defensedefense
TransitionTransition
51,051,0 3,03,0 7,07,0 13,013,0
Defense-Defense-
AttackAttack
TransitionTransition
52,052,0 2,02,0 7,07,0 5,05,0

10
Motor Actions in Matches
(Adapted from Cardinale, 2006)(Adapted from Cardinale, 2006)
190190
Rhythm VariationsRhythm Variations
279279
Change of DirectionsChange of Directions
1616
JumpsJumps
485485
High-Intensity Movements in 60 minutesHigh-Intensity Movements in 60 minutes

11
Anthropometric Profile - I
●
IMPORTANCE:IMPORTANCE:
1)-1)- Individual PlayersIndividual Players
2)-2)- Tactical PositionTactical Position
3)-3)- Skills PerformanceSkills Performance
4)-4)- Game StyleGame Style
5)-5)- Competition LevelCompetition Level
6)-6)- And OtherAnd Other

12
Anthropometric Profile - II
●
MALEMALE PlayersPlayers
(Adapted from Hasan et al, 2007)(Adapted from Hasan et al, 2007)
TEAMTEAM AGE (years)AGE (years) Height (cm)Height (cm) Weight (kg)Weight (kg) Body Fat (%)Body Fat (%)
EnglandEngland 20,020,0 174,2174,2 77,577,5 13,413,4
ChinaChina 25,025,0 190,0190,0 85,485,4 9,69,6
JapanJapan 26,026,0 185,4185,4 80,680,6 9,29,2
KoreaKorea 25,025,0 184,6184,6 85,485,4 11,211,2
KwaitKwait 26,026,0 181,6181,6 87,687,6 12,912,9
SaudiSaudi 25,025,0 182,1182,1 75,875,8 10,310,3

13
Anthropometric Profile - III
●
FEMALEFEMALE Players (n=20)Players (n=20)
(Adapted from Vargas et al, 2010)(Adapted from Vargas et al, 2010)
AGEAGE
(years-old)(years-old)
BODYBODY
MASS (Kg)MASS (Kg)
HEIGHTHEIGHT
(cm)(cm)
WINGSPANWINGSPAN
(cm)(cm)
MeanMean 18,118,1 64,8664,86 170,23170,23 168,84168,84
MINMIN 1515 5353 160,00160,00 159,00159,00
MAXMAX 2525 7979 180,00180,00 179,00179,00

14
Anthropometric Profile - IV
●
n=130n=130 ELITE FEMALEELITE FEMALE Spanish Handball PlayersSpanish Handball Players
(Adapted from Vila et al, 2011)(Adapted from Vila et al, 2011)
CENTERCENTER BACKBACK WINGWING PIVOTPIVOT GoalkeeperGoalkeeper
AgeAge
(years-(years-
old)old)
27,9427,94 25,4025,40 24,8524,85 25,6825,68 26,4726,47
Years ofYears of
PracticePractice
15,7915,79 15,1815,18 14,3814,38 14,4414,44 15,3215,32
WeightWeight
(Kg)(Kg)
65,6565,65 71,1371,13 61,2361,23 74,6574,65 69,2769,27
HeightHeight
(cm)(cm)
169,95169,95 174,19174,19 164,59164,59 176,19176,19 174,96174,96

15
Anthropometric Profile - V
●
SOMATOTYPE:SOMATOTYPE:
(Pelegrini & Silva, 2006 ; Vargas et al, 2010)(Pelegrini & Silva, 2006 ; Vargas et al, 2010)
PLAYERSPLAYERS EndomorphEndomorph MesomorphMesomorph EctomorphEctomorph
FEMALEFEMALE 3,873,87 3,433,43 2,502,50
MALEMALE 3,253,25 4,684,68 6,436,43

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Physical Conditioning
GENERALGENERAL
Physical PreparationPhysical Preparation
SPECIFICSPECIFIC
Physical PreparationPhysical Preparation
INDIVIDUALIZED byINDIVIDUALIZED by
Tactical PositionTactical Position
TeamTeam
STYLE of PLAYSTYLE of PLAY

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Athletic Condition
Athletic ConditionAthletic Condition
inin
HandballHandball
TechnicalTechnical
DomainDomain
CollectiveCollective
TacticalTactical
DomainDomain
PhysicalPhysical
DomainDomain
IndividualIndividual
PsychologicalPsychological
DomainDomain

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Types of Training
TechnicalTechnical
PhysicalPhysical Technical-tacticalTechnical-tactical
Technical-physicalTechnical-physical
Technical-tactical-physicalTechnical-tactical-physical
TacticalTactical

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Biomotor Capabilities
CONDITIONINGCONDITIONING COORDENATIVECOORDENATIVE
ENDURANCEENDURANCE
- ATP-PC- ATP-PC
- Anaerobic Lactic- Anaerobic Lactic
- Aerobic- Aerobic
COORDINATIONCOORDINATION
- Eye-hand- Eye-hand
- Eye-foot- Eye-foot
- Laterality- Laterality
- Anticipatory Timing- Anticipatory Timing
- Precision- Precision
STRENGTHSTRENGTH
- Hypertropy- Hypertropy
- Maximal Strength- Maximal Strength
- Power Endurance- Power Endurance
- Maximal Power- Maximal Power
SPEEDSPEED
-Reaction-Reaction
- Displacement- Displacement
- Movement- Movement
FLEXIBILITYFLEXIBILITY
- Mobility- Mobility
- Elasticity- Elasticity
AGILITYAGILITY
- Simple- Simple
-Spatial-Spatial
- Temporal- Temporal
- Universal- Universal
SPECIFIC SKILLSSPECIFIC SKILLS
- Ball Control- Ball Control
- Passing- Passing
- Dribbling- Dribbling
- Running- Running
- Jumping- Jumping
- Shooting- Shooting
- Etc- Etc
TRANSFER TO:TRANSFER TO:

20
Fitness Assessment - I
●
Anthropometry:Anthropometry: Body Mass, Height, Wingspan, Body Fat,Body Mass, Height, Wingspan, Body Fat,
Somatotype, etcSomatotype, etc
●
Metabolic Profile:Metabolic Profile: VO2max, RAST, Wingate Test, etcVO2max, RAST, Wingate Test, etc
●
Neuromuscular Profile:Neuromuscular Profile: 1RM BP, 1RM SQ, CMJ, SJ, DJ, BJ,1RM BP, 1RM SQ, CMJ, SJ, DJ, BJ,
UHJ, UVJ, MBT, Isokinetic Testing, etcUHJ, UVJ, MBT, Isokinetic Testing, etc
●
Speed:Speed: 5, 10, 15, 20 an 25 meters5, 10, 15, 20 an 25 meters
●
Agility:Agility: T-Test, Pro-Agility, Shuttle-Run, etcT-Test, Pro-Agility, Shuttle-Run, etc
●
Flexibility:Flexibility: Goniometric Assessment, etcGoniometric Assessment, etc
●
Movement Quality:Movement Quality: FMS, YBT, SEBT, etcFMS, YBT, SEBT, etc

21
Fitness Assessment - II
●
Biochemical TestsBiochemical Tests
●
Medical Cardiac EvaluationMedical Cardiac Evaluation
●
Medical Injury EvaluationMedical Injury Evaluation
●
Dental EvaluationDental Evaluation
●
Nutrition EvaluationNutrition Evaluation
●
Psychological ProfilePsychological Profile
●
And OtherAnd Other

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Fitness Assessment - III
A)-A)- PeriodicityPeriodicity
B)-B)- Structural ResourcesStructural Resources
C)-C)- Staff ResourcesStaff Resources
D)-D)- Forms of AnalysisForms of Analysis

23
Fitness Assessment - IV
1)-1)- ValidityValidity
2)-2)- ReliabilityReliability
3)-3)- AccuracyAccuracy
4)-4)- PrecisionPrecision

24
Endurance - I
ANAEROBIC SystemANAEROBIC System
ATP-PCATP-PC
(jumps, short sprints, etc)(jumps, short sprints, etc)
LACTICLACTIC
(long sprints,(long sprints,
average displacements, etc)average displacements, etc)
AEROBIC SystemAEROBIC System RecoveryRecovery
(walking, standing, etc)(walking, standing, etc)

25
Endurance - II
(Alexander & Boreskie, 1989 ; Moreno, 1996)(Alexander & Boreskie, 1989 ; Moreno, 1996)
Effort-Pause Relationship:Effort-Pause Relationship:
~1:1~1:1
~2:1~2:1
Physiological DemandPhysiological Demand

26
Endurance - III
TOTALTOTAL WingWing
PlayersPlayers
PivotsPivots BackcourtBackcourt
PlayersPlayers
GoalkeepersGoalkeepers
VO2maxVO2max
(mlKgmin-1)(mlKgmin-1)
57,057,0
+-4,1+-4,1
58,358,3
+-3,5+-3,5
56,256,2
+-5,8+-5,8
57,057,0
+-4,5+-4,5
55,155,1
+-2,7+-2,7
VO2max – Male Elite PlayersVO2max – Male Elite Players
Adapted from Michalsik et al, 2015Adapted from Michalsik et al, 2015

27
Endurance - IV
●
HEART RATEHEART RATE andand LACTATELACTATE during matchesduring matches
(Alves et al, 2008)(Alves et al, 2008)
- 80 to 90% of HRmax- 80 to 90% of HRmax
- 9 to 12 mM.L-1- 9 to 12 mM.L-1

28
Endurance - V
●
VOLUMEVOLUME during matchesduring matches
(Adapted from Sibila et al, 2004)(Adapted from Sibila et al, 2004)
BacksBacks WingsWings PivotsPivots GoalkeepersGoalkeepers
StandingStanding
WalkingWalking
57%57% 58%58% 62%62% 86%86%
JoggingJogging 25%25% 23%23% 25%25% 11%11%
RunRun 14%14% 14%14% 10%10% 2%2%
SprintsSprints 3%3% 4%4% 2%2% 0,5%0,5%

29
Endurance - VI
●
Game-Based Handball TrainingGame-Based Handball Training vs.vs. High-Intensity Interval TrainingHigh-Intensity Interval Training
(Adapted from Buchheit et al, 2009)(Adapted from Buchheit et al, 2009)
*** (p<0,05) ****** (p<0,05) *** GBHTGBHT
PREPRE
GBHTGBHT
POSTPOST
HIITHIIT
PREPRE
HIITHIIT
POSTPOST
RSA-best (s)RSA-best (s) 6,196,19
+-0,41+-0,41
5,965,96
+-0,31+-0,31
6,276,27
+-0,42+-0,42
6,056,05
+-0,37+-0,37
RSA-mean (s)RSA-mean (s) 6,486,48
+-0,40+-0,40
6,186,18
+-0,35+-0,35
6,526,52
+-0,42+-0,42
6,306,30
+-0,36+-0,36
RSA-dec (%)RSA-dec (%) 4,104,10
+-1,59+-1,59
3,143,14
+-0,92+-0,92
3,433,43
+-1,25+-1,25
3,343,34
+-1,03+-1,03
IntermittentIntermittent
Endurance IndexEndurance Index
(iEI)(iEI)
-14,5-14,5
+-5,1+-5,1
-11,9-11,9
+-3,8+-3,8
-13,8-13,8
+-2,6+-2,6
-17,4-17,4
+-5,3+-5,3

30
Endurance - VII
●
Anaerobic Power -Anaerobic Power - Wingate Arm TestWingate Arm Test – n=11 players– n=11 players
(Adapted from Souza et al, 2006)(Adapted from Souza et al, 2006)
*** p<0,05 ****** p<0,05 *** T-01T-01 T-02T-02
Absolute Power (W)Absolute Power (W) 615,9615,9
+-104,1+-104,1
627,3627,3
+-120,3+-120,3
Relative Power (Wkg)Relative Power (Wkg) 6,636,63
+-1,07+-1,07
7,027,02
+-1,31+-1,31
Maximum Power Time (s)Maximum Power Time (s) 6,276,27
+-1,35+-1,35
5,645,64
+-1,03 ***+-1,03 ***
Fatigue (%)Fatigue (%) 57,9857,98
+-4,39+-4,39
58,9758,97
+-3,49+-3,49

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Strength - I
●
HipertrophyHipertrophy
●
Maximal StrengthMaximal Strength
●
PowerPower
●
Power EndurancePower Endurance

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Strength - II
ABSOLUTEABSOLUTE
StrengthStrength
RELATIVERELATIVE
StrengthStrength
- Moving a external force- Moving a external force
(opponent, ball, etc)(opponent, ball, etc)
- Carrying bodyweight- Carrying bodyweight
(accelerations, decelerations,(accelerations, decelerations,
jumps, landing,jumps, landing,
change-of-direction, etc)change-of-direction, etc)

33
Strength - III
GENERALGENERAL
StrengthStrength
SPECIFICSPECIFIC
StrengthStrength
HANDBALLHANDBALL
TRAININGTRAINING

34
Strength - IV
●
Weight TrainingWeight Training
●
Plyometric TrainingPlyometric Training
●
Ballistic ExercisesBallistic Exercises
●
Sports-Specific Force-Based ActionsSports-Specific Force-Based Actions

35
Strength - V
●
HipertrophyHipertrophy
(Adapted from Perreira, 2016 ; Hermassi et al, 2010)(Adapted from Perreira, 2016 ; Hermassi et al, 2010)
HIPERTROPHYHIPERTROPHY
inin
HANDBALLHANDBALL
- Increased Muscle Strength;- Increased Muscle Strength;
- Improve Strength of Tendons and Ligaments;- Improve Strength of Tendons and Ligaments;
- Increase Cross-Sectional Area;- Increase Cross-Sectional Area;
- Lean Mass Increase;- Lean Mass Increase;
- Body Fat Reduction;- Body Fat Reduction;
- Improves Balance and Functional Capacity;- Improves Balance and Functional Capacity;
- Etc- Etc

36
Strength - VI
●
MAXIMAL STRENGTHMAXIMAL STRENGTH
inin
HANDBALLHANDBALL
- Improved Neuromuscular Activation;- Improved Neuromuscular Activation;
- Intra and Intermuscular Coordination;- Intra and Intermuscular Coordination;
- Concentric, Eccentric and Isometric Strength;- Concentric, Eccentric and Isometric Strength;
- Precondition for Power Training;- Precondition for Power Training;
- Etc- Etc

37
Strength - VII
●
AA
(Zatsiorsky & Kraemer, 2008)(Zatsiorsky & Kraemer, 2008)
POWERPOWER
(Maximum Maximorum Force)(Maximum Maximorum Force)

38
Strength - VIII
(Adapted from Zourdos et al, 2016)(Adapted from Zourdos et al, 2016)
HIPERTROPHY and MAXIMAL STRENGTHHIPERTROPHY and MAXIMAL STRENGTH
RPERPE Repetitions in Reserve (RIR)Repetitions in Reserve (RIR)
10,010,0 Maximum EffortMaximum Effort
9,59,5 No Further Repetitions But Could Increase LoadNo Further Repetitions But Could Increase Load
9,09,0 01 Repetition Remaining01 Repetition Remaining
8,58,5 01-02 Repetitions Remaining01-02 Repetitions Remaining
8,08,0 02 Repetitions Remaining02 Repetitions Remaining
7,57,5 02-03 Repetitions Remaining02-03 Repetitions Remaining
7,07,0 03 Repetitions Remaining03 Repetitions Remaining
5,0 - 6,05,0 - 6,0 04-06 Repetitions Remaining04-06 Repetitions Remaining
3,0 - 4,03,0 - 4,0 Light EffortLight Effort
1,0 - 2,01,0 - 2,0 Little to No EffortLittle to No Effort

39
Strength - IX
●
n=26 male players – Program: 10 weeks (02 sessions per week)n=26 male players – Program: 10 weeks (02 sessions per week)
●
Heavy ResistanceHeavy Resistance vs.vs. Moderate Resistance TrainingModerate Resistance Training
(Adapted from Hermassi et al, 2010)(Adapted from Hermassi et al, 2010)
# p<0,01# p<0,01
$ p<0,001$ p<0,001
n=26 elite male handball players – AGE: 20,0+-0,6 years-oldn=26 elite male handball players – AGE: 20,0+-0,6 years-old
PROTOCOL:PROTOCOL: Heavy Resistance Training (HR)Heavy Resistance Training (HR) – at 80-95% of 1RM (2 exercises – pull-over and bench– at 80-95% of 1RM (2 exercises – pull-over and bench
press – 1-3 repetitions per set, 3-6 sets per exercise, with 3-4 min rest between sets).press – 1-3 repetitions per set, 3-6 sets per exercise, with 3-4 min rest between sets). ModerateModerate
Resistance Training (MR)Resistance Training (MR) – at 55-75% of 1RM (2 exercises – pull-over and bench press – 3-6– at 55-75% of 1RM (2 exercises – pull-over and bench press – 3-6
repetitions per set, 2-4 sets per exercise, with 1-1,30 min rest between sets) -repetitions per set, 2-4 sets per exercise, with 1-1,30 min rest between sets) -
DURATION: 10-weeks – 2 times per weekDURATION: 10-weeks – 2 times per week

40
Power - I
●
SS
(Adapted from Plummer et al, 2019)(Adapted from Plummer et al, 2019)
POWERPOWER
PRODUCTIONPRODUCTION
P=F.VtP=F.Vt
Motor UnitMotor Unit
SynchronizationSynchronization
NeuronalNeuronal
AdaptationAdaptation
Increases inIncreases in
Neural ActivationNeural Activation

41
Power - II
(Adapted from Loturco et al, 2015 )(Adapted from Loturco et al, 2015 )
Optimum Power LoadOptimum Power Load
Squat JumpSquat Jump
HeightHeight

42
Power - III
(Adapted from Vretaros, 2008)(Adapted from Vretaros, 2008)
- Relationship Between- Relationship Between
Force and SpeedForce and Speed
- Muscle Contraction- Muscle Contraction
SpeedSpeed
- Activated Muscle- Activated Muscle
Contraction ForceContraction Force
- Fast Force- Fast Force
Maintenance ***Maintenance ***
POWER ENDURANCE:POWER ENDURANCE:

43
Power - IV
●
n=16 Team Handball Playersn=16 Team Handball Players
●
TRAINING:TRAINING: 12 weeks (T-1 to T2) and12 weeks (T-1 to T2) and DETRAINING:DETRAINING: 7 weeks (T-3)7 weeks (T-3)
(Adapted from Marques & Gonzáles-Badillo, 2006)(Adapted from Marques & Gonzáles-Badillo, 2006)
T-1T-1 T-2T-2 T-3T-3 T-1 – T-2T-1 – T-2 T-1 -T-3T-1 -T-3 T-2 -T-3T-2 -T-3
CMJCMJ
(cm)(cm)
36,8236,82
+-4,8+-4,8
40,5540,55
+-5,09+-5,09
41,6241,62
+-5,6+-5,6
p<0,001p<0,001 p<0,001p<0,001 p<0,05p<0,05
CMJCMJ
20Kg20Kg
(cm)(cm)
25,4125,41
+-3,5+-3,5
29,4029,40
+-4,4+-4,4
30,6930,69
+-3,7+-3,7
p<0,001p<0,001 p<0,001p<0,001 p<0,05p<0,05
CMJCMJ
40Kg40Kg
(cm)(cm)
18,8618,86
+-3,1+-3,1
21,4921,49
+-2,9+-2,9
23,3423,34
+-3,5+-3,5
p<0,001p<0,001 p<0,001p<0,001 p<0,001p<0,001

44
Power - V
●
n=11 Female Players U-21 –n=11 Female Players U-21 – One SeasonOne Season
(Adapted from Dechechi et al, 2010)(Adapted from Dechechi et al, 2010)
FebruaryFebruary AprilApril MayMay JuneJune JulyJuly NovemberNovember
HorizontalHorizontal
Triple JumpTriple Jump
(m)(m)
5,605,60 5,375,37 5,365,36 5,655,65 5,635,63 5,975,97
3 kg3 kg
Med BallMed Ball
Throw (m)Throw (m)
2,982,98 2,842,84 2,902,90 3,103,10 2,842,84 3,343,34

45
Power - VI
(Adapted from Debanne & Laffaye, 2013)(Adapted from Debanne & Laffaye, 2013)
How do French Handball Coaches Build theirHow do French Handball Coaches Build their
Training Programs to Improve Ball-Throwing Velocity?Training Programs to Improve Ball-Throwing Velocity?
Power and Velocity Output:Power and Velocity Output:
Concentric and Plyometric Training Muscle ContractionsConcentric and Plyometric Training Muscle Contractions
Ball Velocity:Ball Velocity:
Shoulder Internal Rotation, Elbow Extension,Shoulder Internal Rotation, Elbow Extension,
Abdominal Oblique MusclesAbdominal Oblique Muscles

46
Power - VII
●
Relationship:Relationship: Throwing Velocity and The Concentric- OnlyThrowing Velocity and The Concentric- Only
Bench Press ExerciseBench Press Exercise
(Adapted from Marques et al, 2007)(Adapted from Marques et al, 2007)
-- 1RM Bench Press1RM Bench Press
(r=0,637,(r=0,637, pp=0,14)=0,14)
-- Peak Power 36KgPeak Power 36Kg
(r=0,586,(r=0,586, p=p=0,028)0,028)
-- Peak Power 46KgPeak Power 46Kg
(r=0,582, p=0,029)(r=0,582, p=0,029)
-- Peak Bar Velocity 26KgPeak Bar Velocity 26Kg
(r=0,563,(r=0,563, p=p=0,036)0,036)
--Peak Bar Velocity 36KgPeak Bar Velocity 36Kg
(r=0,625,(r=0,625, p=p=0,017)0,017)

47
Power - VIII
●
Effect ofEffect of Core TrainingCore Training onon Throwing VelocityThrowing Velocity (10 weeks)(10 weeks)
(Adapted from Manchado et al, 2007)(Adapted from Manchado et al, 2007)
SITUATIONSITUATION PRE (kmh)PRE (kmh) POST (kmh)POST (kmh) pp ESES
7 meters7 meters 76,176,1 80,080,0 0,0010,001 0,3710,371
7 meters + GK7 meters + GK 75,575,5 79,479,4 0,0010,001 0,4730,473
9 meters9 meters 77,877,8 80,880,8 0,0050,005 0,2920,292
9 meters + GK9 meters + GK 77,277,2 79,679,6 0,050,05 0,2130,213
9 meters 3 steps9 meters 3 steps 81,881,8 85,785,7 0,0010,001 0,3870,387
9 meters 3 steps + GK9 meters 3 steps + GK 83,483,4 86,586,5 0,0010,001 0,3200,320
9 meters jump9 meters jump 80,480,4 83,683,6 0,0010,001 0,3240,324
9 meters jump + GK9 meters jump + GK 79,979,9 83,883,8 0,0050,005 0,3010,301

48
Speed - I
●
REACTIONREACTION (visual, auditory, kinesthetic)(visual, auditory, kinesthetic)
●
MOVEMENTMOVEMENT (isolated actions)(isolated actions)
●
DISPLACEMENTDISPLACEMENT (spatial)(spatial)

49
Speed - II
REACTION:REACTION:
- React a opponent's dribble- React a opponent's dribble
- React to pass- React to pass
- Etc- Etc
MOVEMENT:MOVEMENT:
- Pass- Pass
- Shooting- Shooting
- Jump- Jump
- Etc- Etc
DISPLACEMENT:DISPLACEMENT:
- Marking- Marking
- Sprints- Sprints
-Etc-Etc
SPEEDSPEED
ENDURANCEENDURANCE

50
Speed - III
SPEEDSPEED
inin
HandbalHandballINTERACTIONINTERACTION
NEURALNEURAL
SystemSystem
MUSCULARMUSCULAR
SystemSystem
- Technique- Technique
- Coordination- Coordination
- Maximum Stregth- Maximum Stregth
- Power- Power
- Muscular Elasticity- Muscular Elasticity
Efferent and AfferentEfferent and Afferent
ResponsesResponses

51
Speed - IV
●
Norwegian National Team AthletesNorwegian National Team Athletes
(Adapted from Haugen et al, 2019)(Adapted from Haugen et al, 2019)
10m10m
(s)(s)
20m20m
(s)(s)
30m30m
(s)(s)
40m40m
(s)(s)
MaleMale
PlayersPlayers
2,032,03
+-0,04+-0,04
3,273,27
+-0,07+-0,07
4,434,43
+-0,10+-0,10
5,585,58
+-0,14+-0,14
FemaleFemale
PlayersPlayers
2,152,15
+-0,07+-0,07
3,503,50
+-0,13+-0,13
4,774,77
+-0,18+-0,18
6,036,03
+-0,24+-0,24

52
Speed - V
●
n=16 male elite players – National Handball Superleaguen=16 male elite players – National Handball Superleague
(Adapted from Pavlovic et al, 2018)(Adapted from Pavlovic et al, 2018)
*** p<0,001 ****** p<0,001 *** Without a BallWithout a Ball With a BallWith a Ball
5m sprint (s)5m sprint (s) 1,061,06 1,081,08

53
Speed - VI
●
Sprint Mechanical OutputsSprint Mechanical Outputs in Norwegian National Teamsin Norwegian National Teams
(Adapted from Haugen et al, 2019)(Adapted from Haugen et al, 2019)
MaximalMaximal
ForceForce
(N.Kg-1)(N.Kg-1)
VOVO
(m.s-1)(m.s-1)
MaximalMaximal
PowerPower
(W.Kg-1)(W.Kg-1)
Force-Force-
VelocityVelocity
SlopeSlope
Ratio ofRatio of
ForceForce
Index ofIndex of
ForceForce
MALEMALE
PlayersPlayers
8,48,4
+-0,4+-0,4
9,19,1
+-0,4+-0,4
19,019,0
+-1,1+-1,1
-0,92-0,92
+-0,06+-0,06
46,946,9
+-1,1+-1,1
-8,5-8,5
+-0,6+-0,6
FEMALEFEMALE
PlayersPlayers
7,87,8
+-0,5+-0,5
8,28,2
+-0,4+-0,4
16,016,0
+-1,6+-1,6
-0,94-0,94
+-0,04+-0,04
43,843,8
+-1,8+-1,8
-8,9-8,9
+-0,4+-0,4

54
AgilityAgility - I
●
SimpleSimple (spatial and temporal certainty and preplanned(spatial and temporal certainty and preplanned
movement)movement)
●
SpatialSpatial (spatial uncertainty and preplanned movement)(spatial uncertainty and preplanned movement)
●
TemporalTemporal (temporal uncertainty and preplanned movement)(temporal uncertainty and preplanned movement)
●
UniversalUniversal (total unpredictability and improvised movement)(total unpredictability and improvised movement)

55
AgilityAgility - II
(Adapted from Wheeler, 2009)(Adapted from Wheeler, 2009)
MULTI-DIRECTIONALMULTI-DIRECTIONAL
NATURENATURE
PhysiologicalPhysiological
CapacitiesCapacities
BiomechanicalBiomechanical
AbilitiesAbilities
Advanced CognitiveAdvanced Cognitive
StrategiesStrategies

56
AgilityAgility - III
●
n=20 Youth Players - Three Different Types of Training Protocolsn=20 Youth Players - Three Different Types of Training Protocols
(Resistance Training, Plyometric Training and Complex Training)(Resistance Training, Plyometric Training and Complex Training)
(Adapted from Parnow et al, 2016)(Adapted from Parnow et al, 2016)
PRE-TestPRE-Test POST-TestPOST-Test
RTRT
PTPT
CTCT
Time(seconds)Time(seconds)
*** p<0,05 ****** p<0,05 ***
Agility T-TestAgility T-Test

57
FlexibilityFlexibility - I
(Dantas, 1999 ; Achour Junior, 2004 ; Boyle, 2015)(Dantas, 1999 ; Achour Junior, 2004 ; Boyle, 2015)
FLEXIBILITYFLEXIBILITY
ELASTICELASTIC
ComponentsComponents
PLASTICPLASTIC
ComponentsComponents
MOBILITYMOBILITYELASTICITYELASTICITY

58
FlexibilityFlexibility - II
●
Global Active StretchingGlobal Active Stretching – n=33 players (male and female)– n=33 players (male and female)
(Adapted from Silva et al, 2018)(Adapted from Silva et al, 2018)
Side Step Test – 08 sessions of GAS – 40 minutesSide Step Test – 08 sessions of GAS – 40 minutes
FEMALEFEMALE
TreatmentTreatment
FEMALEFEMALE
ControlControl
MALEMALE
TreatmentTreatment
MALEMALE
ControlControl
PointsPoints
PREPRE
POSTPOST
*** p<0,05 ****** p<0,05 ***

59
FlexibilityFlexibility - III
●
n=21 elite female players –n=21 elite female players – Gleunoumeral JointGleunoumeral Joint
(Adapted from Mascarin et al, 2015)(Adapted from Mascarin et al, 2015)
n=21 elite female players – AGE: 14,0 to 18,0 years-oldn=21 elite female players – AGE: 14,0 to 18,0 years-old
STATIC STRETCHING: static stretching of the gleunoumeral joint in the dominant limb.STATIC STRETCHING: static stretching of the gleunoumeral joint in the dominant limb.
DYNAMIC WARM-UP: dynamic exercises performed on dominant and non-dominant limbs.DYNAMIC WARM-UP: dynamic exercises performed on dominant and non-dominant limbs.
MED BALL THROW: the athlete throws a 2kg ball. HANDBALL THROWING TEST: the athlete throwsMED BALL THROW: the athlete throws a 2kg ball. HANDBALL THROWING TEST: the athlete throws
an official ball at a distance of 7 meters from the goal.an official ball at a distance of 7 meters from the goal.
*** p≤0,05 ****** p≤0,05 ***

60
CoordinationCoordination - I
HANDBALLHANDBALL
COORDINATIONCOORDINATION
OrientationOrientation
Spatio-Spatio-
temporaltemporal
AnticipatoryAnticipatory
TimingTiming
LateralityLaterality
PrecisionPrecision
Eye-handEye-handDifferentDifferent
SkillsSkills
DifferentDifferent
SituationsSituations
Multi-Multi-
segmentssegments
Eye-footEye-foot
Decision-Decision-
makingmaking
ProcessProcess

61
Injury Prevention - I
(Vretaros, 2018)(Vretaros, 2018)
How to Manage Sports Injuries?How to Manage Sports Injuries?
CORRECTIVECORRECTIVE
PlatformPlatform
PREVENTIVEPREVENTIVE
PlatformPlatform
PREDICTIVEPREDICTIVE
PlatformPlatform

62
Injury Prevention - II
●
CORRECTIVECORRECTIVE Platform:Platform:
- Cycle Injury-correction- Cycle Injury-correction
- Urgent Decision-making- Urgent Decision-making
- Programmed decision- making- Programmed decision- making

63
Injury Prevention - III
●
PREVENTIVEPREVENTIVE Platform:Platform:
- Plan of Action- Plan of Action
- Continuous Monitoring- Continuous Monitoring
- Improvement Recurring- Improvement Recurring

64
Injury Prevention - IV
●
PREDICTIVEPREDICTIVE Platform:Platform:
(Adapted from Vretaros, 2018)(Adapted from Vretaros, 2018)
- Heuristic- Heuristic
- Black Swan- Black Swan
LogicLogic
- Logarithmic- Logarithmic
EngineeringEngineering
- Simple Calculations- Simple Calculations
- Quick Interpretation- Quick Interpretation
- Simple Inferences- Simple Inferences
- Different Thought- Different Thought
- Avoiding Errors Magnitude- Avoiding Errors Magnitude
UnexpectedUnexpected
- Non-linear Interpretations- Non-linear Interpretations
- Complex Calculations- Complex Calculations
- Artificial Intelligence- Artificial Intelligence

65
Types of Injuries
CHRONIC InjuriesCHRONIC Injuries ACUTE InjuriesACUTE Injuries
EXTRINSIC FactorsEXTRINSIC FactorsINTRINSIC FactorsINTRINSIC Factors

66
MechanismsMechanisms of Injuries
●
n=2,227 competitives matches -n=2,227 competitives matches - Video-AnalysisVideo-Analysis
●
Seasons:Seasons: 2010 - 20132010 - 2013
●
56,8 %56,8 % - Contact- Contact
●
25,1 %25,1 % - Indirect Contact- Indirect Contact
●
18,1 %18,1 % - Non-Contact- Non-Contact
●
63,8 %63,8 % - During Attacking Play- During Attacking Play
(Luig et al, 2018)(Luig et al, 2018)

67
Causes of Injuries
(Andersson, 2018)(Andersson, 2018)
- Contact with Team Member - 3%- Contact with Team Member - 3%
- Contact with Opponent – 31% - 53%- Contact with Opponent – 31% - 53%
- Contact with Ball – 14% - 18%- Contact with Ball – 14% - 18%
- Running – 28% - 33%- Running – 28% - 33%
- Shooting – 25% - 31%- Shooting – 25% - 31%

68
Top Injury Locations
(Adapted from Luig et al, 2011)(Adapted from Luig et al, 2011)
Male PlayersMale Players versusversus Female Players (%)Female Players (%)

69
Injury Prevention: Ankle - I
●
AA
(Adapted from Bere et al, 2018)(Adapted from Bere et al, 2018)
ANKLE INJURIESANKLE INJURIES
(non-contact)(non-contact)
LANDING SITUATIONSLANDING SITUATIONS
One-leg LandingOne-leg Landing
from a Jump Shotfrom a Jump Shot Side-step CuttingSide-step Cutting

70
Injury Prevention: Ankle - II
●
Ankle Proprioception:Ankle Proprioception: Poor BalancePoor Balance vs.vs. Normal BalanceNormal Balance
(Adapted from Han et al, 2015)(Adapted from Han et al, 2015)
*** Pattern of Cocontraction of Ankle*** Pattern of Cocontraction of Ankle
Plantarflexors and Dorsiflexors ***Plantarflexors and Dorsiflexors ***

71
Injury Prevention: Ankle - III
●
n=16 Teams of Europeann=16 Teams of European Young Female PlayersYoung Female Players
(Adapted from Wedderkopp et al, 2003)(Adapted from Wedderkopp et al, 2003)
GroupGroup
WITH Ankle DiscWITH Ankle Disc
GroupGroup
WITHOUT Ankle DiscWITHOUT Ankle Disc
Traumatic InjuriesTraumatic Injuries::
- 2,4 per 1000 hours of Match- 2,4 per 1000 hours of Match
- 0,2 per 1000 hours of Practice- 0,2 per 1000 hours of Practice
Traumatic InjuriesTraumatic Injuries::
- 6,9 per 1000 hours of Match- 6,9 per 1000 hours of Match
- 0,6 per 1000 hours of Practice- 0,6 per 1000 hours of Practice
PROTOCOL:PROTOCOL: Program combining the use of ankle discProgram combining the use of ankle disc
with functional strength trainingwith functional strength training

72
Injury Prevention: Knee - I
●
AA
(Adapted from Myklebust et al, 2003 ; Prodomos et al, 2007 ;(Adapted from Myklebust et al, 2003 ; Prodomos et al, 2007 ;
Brophy et al, 2015)Brophy et al, 2015)
ACL InjuriesACL Injuries
(non-contact)(non-contact)
MALE PlayersMALE Players FEMALE PlayersFEMALE Players
Medium RiskMedium Risk
High RiskHigh Risk
~ 2-3 times higher~ 2-3 times higher
"approximately 80% of the injuries occur in a plant"approximately 80% of the injuries occur in a plant
and cut situation or in a landing after a jump shot"and cut situation or in a landing after a jump shot"

73
Injury Prevention: Knee - II
●
ACL – Injury Mechanisms - VideotapeACL – Injury Mechanisms - Videotape (n=20 cases)(n=20 cases) FEMALEFEMALE PlayersPlayers
●
12 Seasons (1988-2000)12 Seasons (1988-2000)
(Adapted from Olsen et al, 2004)(Adapted from Olsen et al, 2004)
ACTIVITY ACTIVITY
CASESCASES
SpeedSpeed FlexionFlexion TibiaTibia
RotationRotation
ValgusValgus WeightWeight
Distribution inDistribution in
Leg Injured (%)Leg Injured (%)
ContactContact
Plant-and-CutPlant-and-Cut
(12)(12)
Moderate toModerate to
HighHigh
5 to 205 to 20 5 to -155 to -15 5 to 205 to 20 90 to 10090 to 100 No andNo and
IndirectIndirect
One-Leg LandingOne-Leg Landing
(04)(04)
High toHigh to
Very HighVery High
15 to 2515 to 25 5 to 155 to 15 10 to10 to
1515
100100 No andNo and
IndirectIndirect
DecelerationDeceleration
(02)(02)
Moderate toModerate to
HighHigh
20 to 2520 to 25 1010 1010 100100 No andNo and
IndirectIndirect
RunningRunning
(01)(01)
HighHigh 2020 1010 1010 100100 IndirectIndirect
Collision (01)Collision (01) ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ DirectDirect

74
Injury Prevention: Knee - III
●
ACL - PREVENTIVE PROGRAMACL - PREVENTIVE PROGRAM - FEMALE Players –- FEMALE Players –
●
03 Seasons (1998-2001)03 Seasons (1998-2001)
(Adapted from Myklebust et al, 2003)(Adapted from Myklebust et al, 2003)
MATCHMATCH
InjuriesInjuries
MATCHMATCH
InjuriesInjuries
TRAININGTRAINING
InjuriesInjuries
TRAININGTRAINING
InjuriesInjuries
SeasonSeason AllAll
DivisionsDivisions
EliteElite
DivisionDivision
AllAll
DivisionsDivisions
EliteElite
DivisionDivision
1998-19991998-1999 2323 1111 0606 0202
1999-20001999-2000 1717 0404 0606 0202
2000-20012000-2001 1414 0505 0303 0000

75
Injury Prevention: Hip - I
●
RECTUS ABDOMINISRECTUS ABDOMINIS Muscle InjuriesMuscle Injuries
(Adapted from Balius et al, 2011)(Adapted from Balius et al, 2011)
****** MAIN INJURY MECHANISM:MAIN INJURY MECHANISM: ******
Eccentric contraction duringEccentric contraction during
specific movement of throwingspecific movement of throwing
with the contralateral armwith the contralateral arm

76
Injury Prevention: Spine - I
●
aa
HANDBALL TRAININGHANDBALL TRAINING
&&
SPINESPINE
QualityQuality
ofof
POSTUREPOSTURE
SPINALSPINAL
LOADSLOADS

77
Injury Prevention: Spine - II
●
POSTUREPOSTURE - n=125 players- n=125 players versusversus n=135 non-training individualsn=135 non-training individuals
(Adapted from Grabara, 2014)(Adapted from Grabara, 2014)
- a inclination of the thoracolumbar segment- a inclination of the thoracolumbar segment
- a greater forward tilt of the torso- a greater forward tilt of the torso
- a correct pelvic alignment in the frontal plane- a correct pelvic alignment in the frontal plane
- pelvis and scapulas asymmetries in the transverse plane- pelvis and scapulas asymmetries in the transverse plane
POSTURE – Young Female PlayersPOSTURE – Young Female Players

78
Injury Prevention: Spine - III
●
““Posturometer-S” – Antero-Posterior Shape AnalysisPosturometer-S” – Antero-Posterior Shape Analysis
(Adapted from Lichota et al, 2011)(Adapted from Lichota et al, 2011)
SPORTSPORT nn α Angle –α Angle –
Inclination ofInclination of
thethe
UpperthoracicUpperthoracic
SegmentSegment
β Angle –β Angle –
the Thoracic-the Thoracic-
LumbarLumbar
SegmentSegment
γ Angle –γ Angle –
thethe
LumbarsacralLumbarsacral
SegmentSegment
HandballHandball 1616 14,9°14,9°
+-5,81+-5,81
8,5°8,5°
+-3,12+-3,12
7,7°7,7°
+-4,16+-4,16
VolleyballVolleyball 1212 15,2°15,2°
+-4,26+-4,26
11,3°11,3°
+-1,92+-1,92
10,3°10,3°
+-3,91+-3,91
Kyphotic TypesKyphotic Types::
75,0% - handball players75,0% - handball players
61,5% - volleyball players61,5% - volleyball players

79
Injury Prevention: Spine - IV
●
Low Back PainLow Back Pain in FEMALE Elite Playersin FEMALE Elite Players
(Adapted from Tuna˚s et al, 2014 )(Adapted from Tuna˚s et al, 2014 )
PrevalenceofLBP(%)PrevalenceofLBP(%)
* During the* During the
previousprevious
12 months *12 months *

80
Injury Prevention: Shoulder - I
(Clarsen et al, 2014 ; Andersson et al, 2016)(Clarsen et al, 2014 ; Andersson et al, 2016)
SHOULDER INJURIES:SHOULDER INJURIES:
~17% - 28% (one season)~17% - 28% (one season)
High Volume ThrowingHigh Volume Throwing Overhead AthletesOverhead Athletes
** Reduced Velocity and Accuracy** Reduced Velocity and Accuracy of the Throw **of the Throw **
** Dominant Arm **** Dominant Arm **

81
Injury Prevention: Shoulder - II
●
The Biomechanics of the ThrowingThe Biomechanics of the Throwing
(Adapted from Van Den Tillaar, 2005 )(Adapted from Van Den Tillaar, 2005 )
Wind-UpWind-Up StrideStride ArmArm
CockingCocking
ArmArm
AccelerationAcceleration
ArmArm
DeceleratonDeceleraton
Follow-Follow-
ThoughThough
Lead Foot ContactLead Foot Contact
ArmArm
AccelerationAcceleration
ReleaseReleaseMaximalMaximal
ExternalExternal
RotationRotation
MaximalMaximal
InternalInternal
RotationRotation

82
Injury Prevention: Shoulder - III
(Fieseler et al, 2018)(Fieseler et al, 2018)
FUNCTIONAL ADAPTATIONS:FUNCTIONAL ADAPTATIONS:
- Osseus Tissue- Osseus Tissue
- Soft Tissue- Soft Tissue
Decrease Internal Rotation ROMDecrease Internal Rotation ROM
Increase External Rotation ROMIncrease External Rotation ROM
Decrease External Rotation StrengthDecrease External Rotation Strength
Scapular DyskinesisScapular Dyskinesis

83
Injury Prevention: Shoulder - IV
(Clarsen et al, 2014)(Clarsen et al, 2014)
Shoulder Pain and Dysfunction in Throwers:Shoulder Pain and Dysfunction in Throwers:
- Tendon Pathology;- Tendon Pathology;
- Subacromial and Internal Impingement;- Subacromial and Internal Impingement;
- Glenoid Labrum Injuries;- Glenoid Labrum Injuries;
- Glenohumeral Joint Instability;- Glenohumeral Joint Instability;
- Acromioclavicular Joint Dysfunction- Acromioclavicular Joint Dysfunction
- Etc- Etc

84
Injury Prevention: Shoulder - V
(Adapted from Clarsen et al, 2014)(Adapted from Clarsen et al, 2014)
ISOMETRIC STRENGTHISOMETRIC STRENGTH
-- Pain Free Test:Pain Free Test:
Internal Rotation (n=193)Internal Rotation (n=193)
External Rotation (n=178)External Rotation (n=178)
Abduction (n=182)Abduction (n=182)
- Painfull Test- Painfull Test::
RANGE OF MOTIONRANGE OF MOTION
- Painfull Test:- Painfull Test:
SCAPULAR CONTROLSCAPULAR CONTROL
Flexion (n=205)Flexion (n=205)
-- Painfull Test;Painfull Test;
Flexion (n=01)Flexion (n=01)
n=206 players in the Norwegian Elite Handball Leaguen=206 players in the Norwegian Elite Handball League

85
Injury Prevention: Shoulder - VI
(Adapted from Clarsen et al, 2014 ; Edouard et al, 2013 ;(Adapted from Clarsen et al, 2014 ; Edouard et al, 2013 ;
Andersson et al, 2016)Andersson et al, 2016)
HANDBALL PLAYERS – SHOULDER PROBLEMS:HANDBALL PLAYERS – SHOULDER PROBLEMS:
- Reduced External Rotation Strength;- Reduced External Rotation Strength;
- Reduced Total ROM;- Reduced Total ROM;
- Scapular Dyskinesis;- Scapular Dyskinesis;
- Imbalanced Muscular Profile (IRER);- Imbalanced Muscular Profile (IRER);
- Reduced Glenohumeral Joint ROM- Reduced Glenohumeral Joint ROM
- Anterior Shoulder Dislocations- Anterior Shoulder Dislocations
- SLAP Lesion- SLAP Lesion
- Reduced Kinetic Chain Function (?)- Reduced Kinetic Chain Function (?)
- Limited Thoracic Mobility (?)- Limited Thoracic Mobility (?)

86
Injury Prevention: Shoulder - VII
(Adapted from Authors Collection)(Adapted from Authors Collection)
PREVENTIVE PROGRAM:PREVENTIVE PROGRAM:
- Quality of Movement- Quality of Movement
- Work Total Rotation Motion;- Work Total Rotation Motion;
- External Rotation Strength;- External Rotation Strength;
- Stability and Control Scapular;- Stability and Control Scapular;
- Thoracic Mobility;- Thoracic Mobility;
- Good Posture;- Good Posture;
- Core Stability;- Core Stability;
- Strength Balance between ER IR;- Strength Balance between ER IR;
- Control of Training Volume of Throwers;- Control of Training Volume of Throwers;
-And other-And other

87
Injury Prevention: Elbow - I
(Bere et al, 2018)(Bere et al, 2018)
~ 48,000 throws each season~ 48,000 throws each season
ShoulderShoulder ElbowElbow
- Eccentric Loads- Eccentric Loads
(initiate arm acceleration)(initiate arm acceleration)
OVERUSE INJURIESOVERUSE INJURIES

88
Injury Prevention: Elbow - II
(Adapted from Popovic et al, 2001 ; Tyrdal et al, 1996)(Adapted from Popovic et al, 2001 ; Tyrdal et al, 1996)
DOMINANT ELBOWDOMINANT ELBOW
"Handball Goalie's Elbow""Handball Goalie's Elbow"
Repeated Hyperextension TraumasRepeated Hyperextension Traumas
Pain and DisabilityPain and Disability
HypertrophyHypertrophy
Repetitive Valgus ForcesRepetitive Valgus Forces
Bilateral differencesBilateral differences
in the thickness of thein the thickness of the
flexor-pronator tendon,flexor-pronator tendon,
extensor tendon,extensor tendon,
triceps tendon,triceps tendon,
and medial collateral ligamentand medial collateral ligament

89
Injury Prevention: Elbow - III
●
ULTRASOUND IMAGE –ULTRASOUND IMAGE – Tendon and Ligament ThicknessTendon and Ligament Thickness
(Adapted from Popovic et al, 2001)(Adapted from Popovic et al, 2001)
n=40 professional male handball players. AGE: 25,75 years-oldn=40 professional male handball players. AGE: 25,75 years-old
PROTOCOL: a bilateral comparative examination via ultrasound image.PROTOCOL: a bilateral comparative examination via ultrasound image.
*** p<0,0001 ****** p<0,0001 ***
ThicknessThickness

90
Injury Prevention: WristHand - I
(Adapted from Pesquer & Chick, 2018)(Adapted from Pesquer & Chick, 2018)
Wrist + Hand INJURIESWrist + Hand INJURIES
Catching the BallCatching the Ball
Impact during a BlockImpact during a Block
Goalkeeper:Goalkeeper:
Forced DorsiflexionForced Dorsiflexion
during Catchingduring Catching
““ The thumb stabilizes the ballThe thumb stabilizes the ball
and the pinkie locks it into position”and the pinkie locks it into position”
Thumb and PinkieThumb and Pinkie
*** 61,4% ****** 61,4% ***
One-to-One SituationsOne-to-One Situations

91
Injury Prevention: WristHand - II
(Adapted from Pesquer & Chick, 2018)(Adapted from Pesquer & Chick, 2018)
Wrist + HandWrist + Hand
TYPES OF INJURIESTYPES OF INJURIES
- Bone- Bone - Scaphoid or Triquetrum Fractures- Scaphoid or Triquetrum Fractures
- Ligaments- Ligaments
- Scapholunate ligament, triangular fibrocartilage complex- Scapholunate ligament, triangular fibrocartilage complex
ligament, ulnar collateral ligament of the metacarpophalangealligament, ulnar collateral ligament of the metacarpophalangeal
joint of the thumbjoint of the thumb
- Joints- Joints
- Capsuloligamentous structures and the volar plate of the- Capsuloligamentous structures and the volar plate of the
metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal jointsmetacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints
- Tendons- Tendons - Flexor and extensor tendon tears of the fingers- Flexor and extensor tendon tears of the fingers

92
Injury Prevention: Head - I
Nasal FracturesNasal Fractures
Maxillofacial InjuriesMaxillofacial Injuries
Facial LacerationsFacial Lacerations
Dental InjuriesDental Injuries

93
Injury Prevention: Head - II
●
n=112 handball players (28 females and 84 males)n=112 handball players (28 females and 84 males)
DENTAL TRAUMA (n)DENTAL TRAUMA (n)

94
Injury Prevention: Head - III
TYPES OF DENTAL INJURIESTYPES OF DENTAL INJURIES

95
Injury Prevention: Head - IV
(Gialain et al, 2014)(Gialain et al, 2014)
n=138 Handball Athletesn=138 Handball Athletes
- 12% Nasal Bone Fractures- 12% Nasal Bone Fractures
- 57% Head and Neck Injuries- 57% Head and Neck Injuries
- 32% Do Not Use Mouthguards- 32% Do Not Use Mouthguards
- 68% Had Hear of Mouthguards- 68% Had Hear of Mouthguards
- 4,5% Made Use of this Protection Device- 4,5% Made Use of this Protection Device

96
Injury Prevention: Head - V
““The most frequent cause of injuries are impactsThe most frequent cause of injuries are impacts
with other players or with the ground”with other players or with the ground”
(Sane, 1988 ; Gialain et al, 2014)(Sane, 1988 ; Gialain et al, 2014)
Head Injuries in HandballHead Injuries in Handball
MAIN Preventive Strategy:MAIN Preventive Strategy:
TheThe
Use of Mouthguards.Use of Mouthguards.

97
Goalkeeper - I
●
MOVEMENTS:MOVEMENTS:
1)-1)- LateralLateral
2)-2)- DiagonalDiagonal
3)-3)- FrontFront
●
STIMULUS:STIMULUS:
1)-1)- VisualVisual
2)-2)- AuditoryAuditory
3)-3)- KinestheticKinesthetic
4)-4)- Decision MakingDecision Making
(Adapted from Dumitru, 2010)(Adapted from Dumitru, 2010)

98
Goalkeeper - II
●
MALE GoalkeeperMALE Goalkeeper - Anthropometry- Anthropometry
STUDYSTUDY ProfileProfile AgeAge
HeightHeight
(cm)(cm)
BodyBody
MassMass
(Kg)(Kg)
Body FatBody Fat
(%)(%)
Hasan et al, 2007Hasan et al, 2007 AsiaticsAsiatics
MaleMale
25,025,0
+-1,9+-1,9
186,5186,5
+-0,04+-0,04
80,880,8
+-7,0+-7,0
10,510,5
+-3,3+-3,3
Glaner, 1999Glaner, 1999 PanPan
AmericanAmerican
MaleMale
23,823,8
+-4,7+-4,7
182,9182,9
+-7,0+-7,0
82,882,8
+-9,6+-9,6
14,914,9
+-4,3+-4,3

99
Goalkeeper - III
●
FEMALEFEMALE GoalkeeperGoalkeeper - Anthropometry- Anthropometry
STUDYSTUDY ProfileProfile AgeAge
HeightHeight
(cm)(cm)
BodyBody
MassMass
(Kg)(Kg)
Body FatBody Fat
(%)(%)
Vila et al, 2011Vila et al, 2011 SpanishSpanish
FemaleFemale
26,426,4
+-5,9+-5,9
174,9174,9
+-6,3+-6,3
69,269,2
+-7,6+-7,6
------
Becerra et al,Becerra et al,
20182018
SpanishSpanish
BeachBeach
FemaleFemale
22,922,9
+-4,05+-4,05
167,8167,8
+-4,4+-4,4
61,0461,04
+-3,9+-3,9
14,414,4
+-3,0+-3,0

100
Goalkeeper - IV
a)-a)- TheThe LASTLAST DefenseDefense
b)-b)- TheThe FIRSTFIRST DefenderDefender
c)-c)- TheThe FIRSTFIRST AttackerAttacker
d)d)- The- The LASTLAST AttackerAttacker
(Dumitru, 2010)(Dumitru, 2010)

101
Goalkeeper - V
●
PHYSICAL CONDITIONING:PHYSICAL CONDITIONING:
a)-a)- Endurance (atp-cp, anaerobic lactic, aerobic)Endurance (atp-cp, anaerobic lactic, aerobic)
b)-b)- Strength (hipertrophy, maximal)Strength (hipertrophy, maximal)
c)-c)- Power (maximal, endurance)Power (maximal, endurance)
d)-d)- Speed (reaction, displacement, movement)Speed (reaction, displacement, movement)
e)-e)- Flexibility MobilityFlexibility Mobility
f)-f)- Hand-Eye CoordinationHand-Eye Coordination
g)-g)- Eye-Foot CoordinationEye-Foot Coordination

102
Goalkeeper - VI
●
EFFECTIVENESS OF REACTION TIMEEFFECTIVENESS OF REACTION TIME
(n=10, 09 weeks – 3 times per week –(n=10, 09 weeks – 3 times per week –
100 shootings per goalkeeper)100 shootings per goalkeeper)
(Adapted from Sá & Dias, 2019)(Adapted from Sá & Dias, 2019)
Av-01Av-01 Av-02Av-02 Av-03Av-03 Av-04Av-04 Av-05Av-05 TOTALTOTAL
PREPRE
TestTest
46,2%46,2% 47,4%47,4% 23,8%23,8% 36,9%36,9% 20,3%20,3% 33,9%33,9%
POSTPOST
TestTest
55,7%55,7% 65,1%65,1% 25,5%25,5% 46,0%46,0% 29,5%29,5% 43,2%43,2%

103
Goalkeeper - VII
●
VISUAL AND AUDITORY REACTION TIMEVISUAL AND AUDITORY REACTION TIME
(Adapted from Souza et al,, 2010)(Adapted from Souza et al,, 2010)
n=05 playersn=05 players VISUALVISUAL
ReactionReaction
TimeTime
AUDITORYAUDITORY
ReactionReaction
TimeTime
Years ofYears of
PracticePractice
Mean (s)Mean (s) 0,2460,246 0,2120,212 8,28,2
StandardStandard
DeviationDeviation
0,0520,052 0,0520,052 4,084,08
Coefficient ofCoefficient of
Variation (%)Variation (%)
18,9718,97 24,4324,43 49,8349,83

104
Periodization - I
Off-SeasonOff-Season
Pre-SeasonPre-Season
Off-SeasonOff-Season
SeasonSeason
What MODEL of periodization?What MODEL of periodization?

105
Periodization - II
SelectiveSelective
LoadsLoads
BlocksBlocks
ReverseReverse
PendulousPendulous
TacticalTactical
LinearLinear
StructuralStructural
BellsBells MODELSMODELS
OfOf
PeriodizationPeriodization
ConjugateConjugate

106
Periodization - III
MACROcycleMACROcycle
MESOcycleMESOcycle
MICROcycleMICROcycle
Training UNITTraining UNIT

107
Periodization - IV
(Laver et al, 2018)(Laver et al, 2018)
ProfessionalProfessional
LevelLevel
70 – 100 matches a yearseason

108
Periodization - V
(Adapted from Andersson, 2018)(Adapted from Andersson, 2018)
Norway EliteNorway Elite
Division PlayersDivision Players
PRACTICE:PRACTICE:
5 to 10 times per week5 to 10 times per week
Each session: +-1,5hEach session: +-1,5h
PLAY:PLAY:
60 to 80 matches60 to 80 matches
per seasonper season

109
Periodization - VI
●
aa
(Adapted from Andersson, 2017)(Adapted from Andersson, 2017)
ACTIVITYACTIVITY
*** (p<0.05)*** (p<0.05)
MALEMALE
(n=168)(n=168)
FEMALEFEMALE
(n=161)(n=161)
Handball TrainingHandball Training
(minutes)(minutes)
402 (381 to 423) ***402 (381 to 423) *** 355 (339 to 370)355 (339 to 370)
Match PlayMatch Play
(minutes)(minutes)
35 (32 to 39)35 (32 to 39) 34 (31 to 38)34 (31 to 38)
Strength TrainingStrength Training
(minutes)(minutes)
106 (96 to 116)106 (96 to 116) 93 (85 to 101)93 (85 to 101)

110
Fatigue - I
FATIGUEFATIGUE
inin
HANDBALLHANDBALL
PERIFERICPERIFERIC::
- Cardiovascular- Cardiovascular
- Metabolic- Metabolic
- Neuromuscular- Neuromuscular
CENTRALCENTRAL::
- CNS- CNS

111
Fatigue - II
VISIBLEVISIBLE
FatigueFatigue
HIDDENHIDDEN
FatigueFatigue
RISK ofRISK of
OverreachingOverreaching
Non-FunctionalNon-Functional
RISK ofRISK of
OvertrainingOvertraining
(Adapted from Platonov, 2008)(Adapted from Platonov, 2008)

112
Fatigue - III
FATIGUEFATIGUE
SYMPTOMSSYMPTOMS
- Physiological- Physiological
- Immunological- Immunological
- Biochemists- Biochemists
- Psychological- Psychological

113
Detraining - I
DETRAININGDETRAINING
inin
HANDBALLHANDBALL
- Body- Body
CompositionComposition
- Maximal- Maximal
StrengthStrength
- Agility- Agility
- VO2max- VO2max
- Speed- Speed
- Power- Power
-???-???
- ???- ???

114
Circadian Rhythm - I
●
n=n=
(Adapted from Pavlovic et al, 2018)(Adapted from Pavlovic et al, 2018)
*** p<0,001 ***** p<0,001 **
EFFECT SIZE:EFFECT SIZE:
ZZTWB= -1,17ZZTWB= -1,17
5SWB= -1,345SWB= -1,34
10SWB= -1,4010SWB= -1,40
20SWB= -1,4020SWB= -1,40
SJ= 0,73SJ= 0,73
Diurnal Variations in Physical PerformanceDiurnal Variations in Physical Performance

115
Nutrition - I
MACROMACRO
NutrientsNutrients
MICROMICRO
NutrientsNutrients
- Carbohydrates- Carbohydrates
- Proteins- Proteins
- Fats- Fats
- Water- Water
- Vitamins- Vitamins
- Mineral Salts- Mineral Salts

116
Nutrition - II
BODY COMPOSITION:BODY COMPOSITION:
- Monitor Training and Nutrition Effectiveness;- Monitor Training and Nutrition Effectiveness;
-- Young Athletes:Young Athletes: changes during their growth spurtschanges during their growth spurts
(height and weight);(height and weight);
- Check the impact of lean muscle mass on power performance;- Check the impact of lean muscle mass on power performance;
- Body Fat;- Body Fat;
- Other- Other

117
Nutrition - III
●
Creatine SupplementationCreatine Supplementation (20g.d-1 during 5 days)(20g.d-1 during 5 days)
(Adapted from Izquierdo et al, 2002)(Adapted from Izquierdo et al, 2002)
1RM Half Squat1RM Half Squat
p<0,001p<0,001
PLACEBOPLACEBO CREATINECREATINE
KgKg

118
Nutrition - IV
●
n=16 Youth Players –n=16 Youth Players – HYDRATIONHYDRATION
(Mendes et al, 2016)(Mendes et al, 2016)
NumberofAthletesNumberofAthletes
Types of Fluids IngestedTypes of Fluids Ingested
PrePre
PostPost
DuringDuring
W
ater
W
ater
Isotonic
Isotonic
Natural Juice
Natural Juice
Industrial Juice
Industrial Juice
Refrigerant
Soda
Soda
O
ther
O
ther

119
Recovery & Regeneration - I
RecoveryRecovery
&&
RegenerationRegeneration
ACTIVEACTIVE
ResourcesResources
PASSIVEPASSIVE
ResourcesResources

120
Recovery & Regeneration - II
NutritionNutrition CryotherapyCryotherapy CompressionCompression
GarmentGarment
ElectrostimulationElectrostimulation CuppingCupping
TherapyTherapy
HyperoxiaHyperoxia
TherapyTherapy
ThermotherapyThermotherapy
SlowdownSlowdown
ActiveActive
MassageMassage
AcupunctureAcupuncture
CompressionCompression
GarmentGarment
And MoreAnd More

Handball: Conditioning for Players

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