Comprehensive presentation on Chemistry in Everyday life. VEry useful for class 12 students.

1. Chemistry in
Everyday Life
ADITYA RAWAT

2. Glance to the topics
 Drugs
 Enzymes
 Drug Targets
 Antacids
 Antihistamine
 Tranquilizers
 Analgesics
 Antimicrobials
 Antifertility
 Chemicals in foods
 Cleansing agents

3. Why
chemistry?

4. Classification of drugs:
On Pharmacological effect
On Drug action
On chemical structure
On molecular targets

5. Enzymes

6. Drug-Enzyme reaction

7. Receptors

8. How it works?

9. Antacids

10. Antihistamines

11. Tranquilizers

12. Barbituric acid

13. Analgesics
Asprin

14. Narcotics Analgesics

15. Anti-microbials
1. •Antibiotics
2. •Antiseptics
3. •Disinfectants

16. Antibiotics
Antibiotics
Broad spectrum
Narrow spectrum
Limited spectrum

17. Antiseptics
Chemicals that kill microorganism without harmful effects
on human body.
Ex: Dettol, Bithionol, Iodine

18. Anti-fertility drugs
 Mixture of synthetic estrogen and progesterone
derivatives.

19. Artificial sweeting agents
 Great value to diabetic persons

20. Antioxidants
 Reduces the reaction of oxygen with food
 Ex:
1. BHT(Butyl Hydroxy Toluene)
2. BHA(Butylated Hydroxy anisole)

21. Cleansing agents
Cleansing
agents
Soaps
Synthetic
detergents

22. Soaps
 Sodium of potassium salts of long chain fatty acids

23. Soaps
Toilet soaps
Floating soaps
Soap chips
Medicated soaps

24. Enemy with hard water?
 Hard water contains calcium and magnesium salts
that react with soap molecule to form insoluble
compounds that come out as scum in water.

25. Synthetic detergents
 These are the cleansing agents with all the properties
of soap, but does not contain any soap.
 Can be used both in hard and soft water.
 Ex: Sodium dodecyl benzene sulphate

26. Synthetic
detergents
Anionic Cationic Non-ionic

27. Questions until now
 What are antiseptics? Give an example.
 What are antibiotics? Give an example.
 Give two examples of macromolecules that are
chosen as drug targets.
 What are disinfectants? Give an example.
 Define Antihistamine with an example.
 Which one of the following drugs is an antibiotic:
Morphine, Equanil, Chloramphenicol, Aspirin
 Which class of drugs is used in sleeping pills?

28. Questions
 What class of drug is Ranitidine?
 Which of the following is an antiseptic?
0.2% phenol, 1% phenol
 What is the cause of a feeling of depression in human beings? Name
a drug which can be useful in treating this depression.
 What is meant by ‘narrow spectrum antibiotics’?
 Differentiate between disinfectants and antiseptics.
 [3]Explain the following terms giving one example of each type:
(i) Antacids
(ii) Disinfectants
(iii) Enzymes

29. Questions
 [1.5] What is tincture of iodine and what is it used for?
 [3] Mention the action of the following on the human body in bringing relief
from a disease.
(i) Brompheniramine
(ii) Aspirin
(iii) Equanil
 [2] Explain the following terms with an example for each:
(i) Antifertility drugs (ii) Antibiotics
 [3]What are analgesic medicines? How are they classified and when are they
commonly recommended for use?
 [3] (a)Define the term ‘Chemotherapy’.
(b)While antacids and antiallergic drugs interfere with the function of histamines,
why do these not interfere with the function of each other?