2. MANAGEMENT
Management is the process of planning and organising the
resources and activities of a business to achieve specific goals in
the most effective and efficient manner possible.
Management is the coordination and administration of tasks to
achieve a goal.
To be an effective manager, you’ll need to develop a set of skills,
including planning, communication, organization and leadership.
Management defined as all the activities and tasks undertaken
for archiving goals by continuous activities like; planning,
organizing, leading and controlling.
3. NATURE/ FEATURES OF
MANAGEMANT
Goal oriented process
Multidimensional in nature
Pervasive
Continuous process
Group activity
Intangible
It is an art as well as science
It is a profession
4. OBJECTIVES OF MANAGEMENT
1- Organisational objectives
Survival
Profit
Growth
2- Social objectives
Employment opportunities
Less pollution
Safety of employees
Fair trade
7. PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
There are 14 principles of management given by Henry Fayol that
are as follows;
Division of work
Authority and Responsibility
Discipline
Unity of command
Unity of direction
Subordination of personal/individual interests to the general
interest.
Remuneration
Centralization
Scalar chain
Order
Equity
Stability of tenure of personnel
Initiative
Esprit de corps
9. Top level management
They consist of the senior most executive of the
organisation.
Top level management consist of chairman, Board
of Directors, managing directors, general
managers, president, vice- president, chief
executive officer (CEO), chief financial officers
(CFO) and chief operating officers etc.
It includes group of crucial persons essential for
leading and directing the efforts of other people.
The managers working at this level have maximum
authority.
10. FUNCTIONS OF TOP LEVEL MANAGEMANT
Determining objectives
Framing plans and policies
Organising activities
Assembling all the resources
Welfare and survival of the organisation
Liaison with out side world
11. Middle level management
This level of management consist of departmental
heads such as purchase department head, sales
department, finance manager, marketing manager,
plat superintend etc.
People of this group are responsible for executing
the plans and policies made by top level.
They also exercise the functions of top level for
their department as they make plans and policies
for their department, organise an collect the
resources etc.
12. FUNCTION OF MIDDLE LEVEL
MANAGEMENT
Interpretation of policies to low level
Organising activities of departments
Recruitment and selection of employee's
Motivating people to perform the best
Controlling and instructing employees
Implementing the plans framed by top
management
Budgeting
13. Supervisor/ operational/ lower level
management
This level consists of supervisor, superintendent,
foreman, sub-department, executives, clerk etc.
Managers of this group actually carry on the work
as perform the activities according to the plans of
top and level management.
Their authority is limited.
The quality and quantity of output depends upon
the efficiency of this level of managers.
They pass on the instruction to workers and report
to the middle level management.
They are also responsible for maintain discipline
among the workers.
14. FUNCTIONS OF LOWER LEVEL
MANAGEMENT
Representing grievances of workers
Good working condition
Safety of workers
Helping middle level management in recruitment
and selection
Welcoming suggestions of workers
Maintaining quality and standard of products
Boosting the moral of employees and workers