Introduction to Management and Planning

1. 1.Introduction To
Management & Planning

2. Content:-
• Nature & purpose of Management.
• System approach to Management,
• Function of Managers,
• Social responsibility & Ethics in Managing.
• Planning:
• Meaning,
• Types of plans,
• steps in planning,
• planning process,
• decision making.

3. Nature & purpose of Management
Management:
• It is the process of designing & maintaining an environment in which individuals,
working together in groups, efficiently to accomplish selected goals.
E.g. Steve Jobs, Bill Ford, Bill Gates etc…
• All managers work for Organizational goal.
e.g. Apple, Ford, Microsoft etc…
Functions of management:
• Planning
• Organizing
• Staffing
• Leading
• controlling

5. System approach to Management
•It means the study of firm in its totality so that the men
and material resources of the firm can be organized to
realize the firm’s overall objectives as efficiently as
possible.
•It implies that every manager should be much more
precise about decision making and information flow. For
this to be effective, a company should have overall
systematic approach to the management objectives.

6. 1. Early classical approach:
1.Scientific management: Frederick Taylor
• Time & motion study
• Differential payments
• Drastic reorganization of supervision
• Scientific recruitment & training
• Friendly cooperation between management & workers

7. 2. Administrative management: Henry Fayol
1. Division of work
2. Authority & responsibility
3. Discipline
4. Unity of command
5. Unity of direction
6. Subordination of individual interest into general interest
7. Remuneration
8. Centralization
9. Scalar chain
10. Order
11. Equity
12. Stability of tenure
13. Initiative
14. Esprit de corps

8. 2. Neo Classical Approach:
1. Human relation movement
2. Behavioral approach
3.Modern approach:
1. Quantitative approach
2. System approach
• A system is set of independent parts- task, structure, people & technology.
• Central to system approach is concept of holism – all parts are interrelated to
each others
• System can be open or closed – interact with environments
• Every system has boundary – to protect system from effect of environment

10. Functions of Manager:
1.Interpersonal
a. Figurehead
b. Leader
c. Liaison
2. informational
a. Monitor
b. Disseminator
c. spokesmen
3. Decisional
a. Entrepreneur
b. Disturbance handler
c. Resource allocator
d. Negotiator

11. Social responsibility :
Towards the consumer & community
Towards the employee & workers
Towards stakeholders & other business
Towards state.
Ethics in Managing:
International business ethics
Labor conditions
Areas of justice
The virtue ethics

12. PLANNING

13. Planning:
Importance of planning:
• Minimize risk & uncertainty
• Leads to success
• Focuses attention on organizational goal
• Facilitates control
Forms of Planning:
• Strategic planning
• Tactical planning

14. Types of plans:
objectives
Non repetitive
Single use plans
e. g. program,
budget
repetitive
Standing plans
e.g. policies,
rules etc..
strategies

15. Steps in planning:
1. Being aware of opportunities & Set of goals to be achieved
2. Establish planning premises
Internal & external premises
Tangible & intangible
Controllable & non-controllable
3. Deciding planning period
4. Finding alternative courses of action
5. Evaluation & selection of course of action
6. Developing derivative plans
7. Measuring & controlling the process

16. Planning process:
Co-ordination
Communication
Participation
Proper climate

17. Decision making:
it is the choice between two or more
alternatives
Types of Decision:
• Programmed(method, rule, etc.) & non programmed decision
• Major(long term affect ) or minor decision
• Routine(lightning, parking etc.) & strategic decision(large fund)
• Individual & group decision
• Simple & complex decision