Youth and Adolescent friendly services by adam Faradhuub "PhD student"

YOUTH FRIENDLY SERVICES
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health
Sciences,
Başkent University
Introduction to Reproductive Health Course
By Adam Abdulkadir
Course Coordinator: Prof. Dr. Ayşe AKIN
1

OUTLINE
• Introduction
• Description of Youth Friendly Services
• Reasons for Youth Friendly Services
• Types of Youth Friendly Services
• Youth Friendly Centres
• Referral
• Summary / Conclusion
2Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Introduction
 The term adolescence comes from the Latin verb adolescere, which means “to go
into adulthood.”
 Transition between childhood and adulthood
› From the ages of 10-19
 Adolescence is a period of rapid physical, cognitive, sexual, social and emotional
changes.
 It is an adjustment period for the adolescent, their parents, and those who are in
frequent contact with them.

Adolescence
• Adolescence is the period of physical, psychological and social transition
from childhood to adulthood.
• It spans through 10 to 19 years, and is subdivided into two periods:
• Early adolescence (between 10 and 14 years)
• Late adolescence (between 15 and 19 years)

TERMS ACCORDING TO WHO
10 24
15 24 (35 in
Developing world)
19
Young People
Youth
Adolescence
10

• The first to understand terrorism as a domestic issue;
• The first to fully compete in a global economy;
• The first to experience instantaneous communication with the world;
• The first to grow up with the majority living a portion of childhood in a
single parent household;
• The first to live their entire lives in the shadow of AIDS;
TODAY’S YOUTH: A GENERATION OF FIRSTS
6

INTRODUCTION
• There is a growing recognition among health professionals throughout
the world that Youth Friendly Health and Development Services are
clearly needed if young people are to be physically, mentally,
psychologically and socially healthy to enable them contribute to
national and self-development.
Wednesday, December 11, 2019 By Adam 7

OVERVIEW
• Adolescents face a number of reproductive health challenges which
usually require experts counsel and information to cope with.
• However, most of existing health facilities are not inviting enough to win
the confidence of the youths because these services are designed for
adults.
Wednesday, December 11, 2019 By Adam 8

Cont……
• Making health facilities attractive to the youths will go a long way in
preventing these social vices and this session focuses on making health
facilities friendly to the youths.
Wednesday, December 11, 2019 BY ADAM 9

DESCRIPTION OF YOUTH-FRIENDLY SERVICES
• Service are termed “Youth-Friendly” if they have and implement
policies and attributes that are attractive to youths and provide a
comfortable setting for meeting the needs of young people and
retaining their repeat visits.

REASONS FOR YOUTH FRIENDLY SERVICES
• To give youths the opportunity to discuss their concerns freely and in a
conducive environment.
• To enable youths receive information and services without being
embarrassed most especially in an adult clinic.
• To enable them receive prompt and specific services.

TYPES OF YOUTH-FRIENDLY SERVICES
****Youth Friendly services are usually classified under three main
categories:
• School-based services
• Facility based services
• Others

A) SCHOOL-BASED SERVICES
• These are services offered at the school settings often using the peer
education approach among youths.

B) FACILITY-BASED SERVICES
• These are services offered at the health facility setting.
• Examples include a family planning clinic, a reproductive health clinic in
a hospital, a health post that provides reproductive health services, an
STI clinic, a Pharmacy that serves youths etc.

C) OTHERS
• These are services offered in different settings other than those
identified above.(i.e.School and Facility)
• Examples include services offered at the community level using
community based distribution agents, those offered in youth centres,
religious settings, clubs, and mobile vans, hotlines etc.

YOUTH FRIENDLY CENTRES

FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN SETTING UP YOUTH FRIENDLY SERVICE/CLINIC
• Staff competence and skills
• The youths to be served – in school, out of school, sexually active, etc.
• What services are needed
• Confidentiality and privacy
• Information to be provided
• Accessibility to the youths
• Affordability of services
• Environmental factor like voices in the clinic
• Waiting list
• Child’s Rights

COMPONENTS OF YOUTH-FRIENDLY SERVICES
• The needed health services include prevention, treatment and follow-up
care.
• While it may be unrealistic for every facility to include all the following
reproductive health services, it is advisable to assess health needs of the
youth in the immediate community the centre is reaching out to.

****A comprehensive array would include:
• Sexual and reproductive health education and counselling (especially related to
development and maturation, boy-girl relationships, decision-making about
sex, gender issues, sexual abuse and exploitation, sexual and contraceptive
negotiation, adoption of contraceptive methods and pregnancy options should
pregnancy occur).

Cont…..
• Physical examinations including pelvic and breast examinations for females
and testicular examination in males.
• Teaching of Breast Self examination
• STI screening, counselling and treatment

Cont…….
• HIV counselling and testing.
• Contraceptive products
• Pregnancy testing, options and counselling
• Post-abortion care
• Prenatal delivery and postpartum care
• Baby care

Cont…..
• Nutritional services
• Treatment of common ailment e.g. Malaria
• Skills development
• Vocational training
• Career counselling
• Recreational facilities

CHARACTERISTICS OF YOUTH-FRIENDLY SERVICES
• Operate convenient hours
-----The time of operation should be such that would make it convenient for
young people to access the services.
• Convenient location
-----The location should be easily reached by youths.
Wednesday, December 11, 2019 23

CHARACTERISTICS OF YOUTH-FRIENDLY SERVICES
• Adequate space and privacy
-----The place should allow for private conversation between provider and young
person.
• Comfortable surroundings
-----The surroundings should be lively. It should have features that would easily attract
young people (such as bright-coloured buildings, posters on the wall and good
ventilation).

PROVIDERS
• Specially trained staff
-----Staff should be trained to be sensitive to young people’s needs and
acquire skills in relating with young people.
• Respect for young persons
-----Providers should be open-minded and non-judgmental.

PROVIDERS
• Confidentiality
-----Provider should provide privacy and assure confidentiality.
• Peer counselors available
-----There should be trained young persons to counsel the young clients
since young persons relate well each other because they perceive that
the young person understands how they feel better.

ADMINISTRATIVELY
• Organisation policies
-----Policies must be Youth-Friendly and conspicuously displayed for all to see.
• Youth Involvement
-----Young persons should be involved in the planning and implementation of
programmes.
• Necessary referrals available
-----Young people should be able to access services of other networking partners if the
facilities are not able to address a particular concern.

ADMINISTRATIVELY Cont….
• Affordable Fees
-----Charges for services should be such that young people can afford considering the
fact that most of them are not gainfully employed.
• Publicity that informs and reassures youth
-----There should be information on the services that exist and where the services can
be accessed.

BARRIERS TO THE PROVISION AND UTILIZATION OF REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICES
BY YOUTHS
• ****The barriers that prevent young persons from using reproductive
health services can be grouped into three; structural, individual and
administrative.

Barriers…….
1)Structural barriers
****Laws and regulations forbid the provision of services to people below a certain age
group or to unmarried people.
• Judgmental health care providers with hold services from people below a certain age or
from unmarried people.
• Facilities are located in areas not easily accessible to young persons.
• Hours of operation are not favourable to young persons.

Barriers……
2) Individual barriers
****Young persons do not use existing reproductive health services because:
• Barriers preventing Adolescents from seeking help from the health services.
• Inability of young persons to recognize their illnesses or their seriousness.
• Lack of knowledge about existing services.

Barriers……
3) Administrative
****Barriers that prevent adolescents from using health services even
when they know and can reach the centre.
• Being made to wait in a place where they could be seen by people who
know them.
• Being made to wait for a long time before their needs are attended to.

REFERRAL

DEFINING REFERRAL
****Referral is a system of sending a client or a counseled peer to another expert in a particular
field for additional management with a view to solving the client’s health or social problems.
Types of Referrals
There are two types of referrals namely:
• One-way referral
• Two-way referrals

TYPES OF REFERRAL
1) One Way Referral
• One-way referral is a type of referral whereby a client is sent to a
higher level of care without getting feedback on the case for
which referral was made.
• For example, a peer educator may refer another peer to a Youth
Friendly Clinic. (YFC)

Referral…..
• 2) Two-way Referral
• Two way referral is a type of referral in which a client is sent to a higher level
of care and having the same person sent back from the higher level of care to
the former level after care has been provided, e.g. from a youth friendly
service provider to a secondary or tertiary hospital

EXAMPLES OF CASES REQUIRING REFERRAL
•Unplanned pregnancy
•STIs
•Drug addiction
•Amenorrhea
•Complications of abortion
•HIV Testing and Counselling

THIS IS YOUR YOUTH FRIENDLY CENTRE

CONCLUSION
• ARH needs differ from Adults
• Adolescents are a heterogeneous group
• Factors affecting ARH are MULTIFACETED and go beyond the health
sector

CONCLUSION Cont…….
• Promote healthy development to meet needs of young people
• Prevent and respond to health problems facing young people
• Foster adult-youth partnerships
• Sustain existing interventions
• Use young people as human resource
• Scale up programmes

ADOLESCENTS MUST BE A HAPPY PERIOD OF LIFE.

THANK YOU

ANY QUESTIONS

Youth and Adolescent friendly services by adam Faradhuub "PhD student"

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