Teori mengenai harga pasar

1. Teori
Harga Pasar

2. Teori Harga Pasar
Kurva Permintaan

3. Kurva Permintaan:
Permintaan atas Kentang (per bulan )

4. Market demand for potatoes (monthly)
Point Price Market demand
100 (pence per kg) (tonnes 000s)
A 20 700
Price (pence per kg)
80
60
40
A
20
Demand
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Quantity (tonnes: 000s)

5. Market demand for potatoes (monthly)
Point Price Market demand
100 (pence per kg) (tonnes 000s)
A 20 700
Price (pence per kg)
80 B 40 500
60
B
40
A
20
Demand
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Quantity (tonnes: 000s)

6. Market demand for potatoes (monthly)
Point Price Market demand
100 (pence per kg) (tonnes 000s)
A 20 700
Price (pence per kg)
80 B 40 500
C 60 350
C
60
B
40
A
20
Demand
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Quantity (tonnes: 000s)

7. Market demand for potatoes (monthly)
Point Price Market demand
100 (pence per kg) (tonnes 000s)
A 20 700
D
Price (pence per kg)
80 B 40 500
C 60 350
C D 80 200
60
B
40
A
20
Demand
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Quantity (tonnes: 000s)

8. Market demand for potatoes (monthly)
E Point Price Market demand
100 (pence per kg) (tonnes 000s)
A 20 700
D
Price (pence per kg)
80 B 40 500
C 60 350
C D 80 200
60 E 100 100
B
40
A
20
Demand
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Quantity (tonnes: 000s)

9. Teori Harga Pasar
Shifts of the
demand curve

10. An increase in demand
P
Price
D0 D1
O Q0 Q1
Quantity

11. A decrease in demand
P
Price
D1 D0
O Q0 Q1
Quantity

12. Teori Harga Pasar
Kurva Penawaran

13. The supply curve:
The supply of potatoes (monthly)

14. Market supply of potatoes (monthly)
100
Supply
P Q
80
a 20 100
Price (pence per kg)
60
40
a
20
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Quantity (tonnes: 000s)

15. Market supply of potatoes (monthly)
100
Supply
P Q
80
a 20 100
Price (pence per kg)
b 40 200
60
b
40
a
20
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Quantity (tonnes: 000s)

16. Market supply of potatoes (monthly)
100
Supply
P Q
80
a 20 100
Price (pence per kg)
b 40 200
c c 60 350
60
b
40
a
20
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Quantity (tonnes: 000s)

17. Market supply of potatoes (monthly)
100
Supply
d P Q
80
a 20 100
Price (pence per kg)
b 40 200
c c 60 350
60
d 80 530
b
40
a
20
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Quantity (tonnes: 000s)

18. Market supply of potatoes (monthly)
100 e
Supply
d P Q
80
a 20 100
Price (pence per kg)
b 40 200
c c 60 350
60
d 80 530
e 100 700
b
40
a
20
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Quantity (tonnes: 000s)

19. Teori Harga Pasar
Shifts of the
supply curve

20. Shifts in the supply curve
P
S0
O Q

21. Shifts in the supply curve
P
S0 S1
Increase
O Q

22. Shifts in the supply curve
P
S2 S0 S1
Decrease Increase
O Q

23. Teori Harga Pasar
Keseimbangan Pasar

24. Equilibrium price and output:
The Market Demand and Supply of Potatoes (Monthly)

25. The determination of market equilibrium
(potatoes: monthly)
E e
100
Supply
D d
80
Price (pence per kg)
Cc
60
b B
40
a A
20
Demand
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Quantity (tonnes: 000s)

26. The determination of market equilibrium
(potatoes: monthly)
E e
100
Supply
D SURPLUS d
80
Price (pence per kg)
(330 000)
Cc
60
b B
40
a A
20
Demand
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Quantity (tonnes: 000s)

27. The determination of market equilibrium
(potatoes: monthly)
E e
100
Supply
D d
80
Price (pence per kg)
Cc
60
b SHORTAGE B
40
(300 000)
a A
20
Demand
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Quantity (tonnes: 000s)

28. The determination of market equilibrium
(potatoes: monthly)
E e
100
Supply
D d
80
Price (pence per kg)
60
b B
40
a A
20
Demand
0
0 100 200 300 Qe 400 500 600 700 800
Quantity (tonnes: 000s)

29. Teori Harga Pasar
Pengaruh shift of the
demand curve terhadap
Keseimbangan Pasar

30. Effect of a shift in the demand curve
P
S
An increase
in demand
g
Pe1
D1
O Qe1 Q

31. Effect of a shift in the demand curve
P
S
g
Pe1
D1
O Qe1 Q

32. Effect of a shift in the demand curve
P
S
g
Pe1
D2
D1
O Qe1 Q

33. Effect of a shift in the demand curve
P
S
i
Pe2
g h
Pe1
D2
D1
O Qe1 Qe2 Q

34. Effect of a shift in the demand curve
P
S
A decrease
in demand
g
Pe1
D2 D1
O Qe1 Q

35. Effect of a shift in the demand curve
P
S
m g
Pe1
n
Pe2
D2 D1
O Qe2 Qe1 Q

36. Teori Harga Pasar
Pengaruh shift of the
supply curve terhadap
Keseimbangan Pasar

37. Effect of a shift in the supply curve
P
S1
A decrease
in supply
g
Pe1
D
O Qe1 Q

38. Effect of a shift in the supply curve
P
S1
g
Pe1
D
O Qe1 Q

39. Effect of a shift in the supply curve
P
S2
S1
g
Pe1
D
O Qe1 Q

40. Effect of a shift in the supply curve
P
S2
S1
k
Pe3
j g
Pe1
D
O Qe3 Qe1 Q

41. Effect of a shift in the supply curve
P
S1
S2
An increase
in supply
g
Pe1
D
O Qe1 Q

42. Effect of a shift in the supply curve
P
S1
S2
g p
Pe1
q
Pe2
D
O Qe1 Qe2 Q

43. Teori Harga Pasar
Pengaruh Dimensi
Waktu terhadap
Keseimbangan Pasar

44. Dimensi Waktu Penawaran
Berdasarkan dimensi waktunya, pasar
dikelompokkan menjadi 3 jenis yaitu:
1. Pasar seketika atau immediate market
2. Pasar jangka pendek atau short-run
market
3. Pasar jangka panjang atau long-run
market

45. Pasar Seketika atau Immediate Market
Pasar seketika merupakan periode pasar
yang demikian pendeknya hingga tidak
memungkinkan bagi produsen untuk
mengubah jumlah hasil produksinya.
Kuantitas suply yang ditawarkan adalah tetap

46. Pasar Jangka Pendek atau Short-run Market
Pasar Jangka Pendek merupakan periode pasar dimana
produsen telah dapat memperbaiki hasil produksinya, tetapi
belum cukup waktu untuk mengubah skala produksi. Dan di
samping itu belum memungkinkan untuk masuknya produsen
baru dalam pasar
Kuantitas suply yang ditawarkan mengikuti hukum penawaran
dan cenderung inelastis

47. Pasar Jangka Panjang atau Long-run Market
Pasar Jangka Panjang merupakan periode pasar
dimana produsen telah memiliki cukup waktu untuk
mengubah skala produksi. Dan memungkinkan
masuknya produsen baru dalam pasar
Kuantitas suply yang ditawarkan mengikuti hukum
penawaran dan cenderung elastis

48. Teori Harga Pasar
Pengaruh Perubahan Permintaan
terhadap Keseimbangan Pasar pada
Immediate Market

49. P S
Pe2
g
Pe1
D2
Pe3 D1
D3
O Qe1 Q

50. Teori Harga Pasar
Pengaruh Perubahan Permintaan
terhadap Keseimbangan Pasar pada
Short-run Market

51. P
S
Pe2
g
Pe1
Pe3 D2
D1
D3
O Qe3 Qe1 Qe Q
2

52. Teori Harga Pasar
Pengaruh Perubahan Permintaan
terhadap Keseimbangan Pasar pada
Long-run Market

53. P
S
Pe2
g
Pe1
Pe3
D2
D1
D3
O Qe3 Qe1 Qe2 Q