1) The document discusses how to think like a data scientist by walking through collecting and analyzing data to answer a question about meeting start times. 2) It recommends starting with an interesting or bothersome work question, defining relevant data to collect, and then gathering that data over a period of time while modifying definitions as needed. 3) The example analyzes meeting start times over two weeks, finds that on average meetings started 12 minutes late with 10% starting on time, and discusses what else the data might reveal and whether others would believe the results.