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1. Binary Logic and Gates
• Digital Circuits are hardware components that manipulate binary
information.
• The circuits are implemented using transistors and interconnections in
complex semiconductor devices called integrated circuits . Each basic
circuit is referred to as a logic gate. The term gate describe a circuit that
perform basic logic operation.
• For simplicity in design ,we model the transistor-based electronic circuits
as logic gate.
• Designer no need to be concerned with internal electronic of individual
gates but only with their external logic properties.
• Each gate performs a specific logical operation .output of
Gates are applied to the inputs of other gates to form logic circuit.

2. Boolean Algebra
• The Binary Logic system is one of a class of
mathematical systems referred to generally
as Boolean Algebra
• The name is in honor of the English
mathematician George Boole.
• It is necessary to introduce the mathematical
notation that specifies operation of each gate
and that can be used to analyze and design
circuits.

3. Truth Tables
• A truth table shows how a logic circuit's
output responds to various combinations of
the inputs, using logic 1 for true and logic 0 for
false.