One of the most prevalent human rights violations in the world, gender-based violence knows no social, economic or national boundaries. It undermines the health, dignity, security and autonomy of survivors. And it remains shrouded in a culture of silence, supported by cultural beliefs and values that sustain, justify or dismiss it as an ordinary component of male-female relationships.

1. GENDER BASED VIOLENCE (GBV)

2. OBEJECTIVE
At the end of this session, participants should be able to;
Define and explain what GBV is
List types and causes of GBV
Hold meaningful discussion on short and long term how they will
support to curb the menace of GBV

3. WHAT IS GBV?

4. Definition of Gender Based Violence
Gender-based violence is defined as ‘any harmful act that is perpetrated
against a person’s will،and that is based on socially-ascribed (i.e. gender)
differences between males and females.’ (Inter Agency Standing Committee
Guidelines for Integrating Gender-Based Violence Interventions in
Humanitarian Action 2015)
refers to harmful acts directed at an individual based on their gender. It is
rooted in gender inequality, the abuse of power and harmful norms. Gender-
based violence (GBV) is a serious violation of human rights and a life-
threatening health and protection issue.
It is estimated that one in three women will experience sexual or physical
violence in their lifetime. During displacements and emergencies, and times of
crisis, the threat of GBV significantly increases for women and girls.

5. Types of Gender based Violence
Gender-based violence can be broadly defined into six categories:
• physical violence (hitting ،slapping ،beating)

6. Types of Gender based Violence
• Verbal abuse

7. Types of Gender based Violence
• Emotional violence (psychological abuse)

8. Types of Gender based Violence
• Economic violence (denial of resources)

9. Types of Gender based Violence
• Sexual violence (rape, sexual assault, sexual harassmentfemale genital mutilation)

10. Types of Gender based Violence
• Harmful traditional practices (forced marriage, honor killings, female genital
mutilation).

11. GBV GUIDING PRINCIPLES
These are elements which when put in place helps our work against
GBV to be effective. These include;
Confidentiality
Respect the confidentiality of survivors (and their families) at all times
by not disclosing any information, at any time, to any party without the
informed consent of the person concerned. Ensure the survivor’s trust
and empowerment.
Respect
All actions or decisions should be guided by respect for the survivor’s
choices, wishes, rights, and dignity.

12. GBV GUIDING PRINCIPLES
These are elements which when put in place helps our work against GBV to
be effective. These include;
Safety and Security
It is essential to ensure the safety of the survivor and their family at all times,
including their children and people who have assisted them.
Non-Discrimination
Survivors should receive equal and fair treatment, regardless of their age,
sex, race, marital status, sexual orientation, or any other characteristic.
Honesty
Survivors should receive honest and complete information about possible
referrals for service, be made aware of any risks or implications of sharing
information about the situation, and have the right to limit the types of
information shared and whom it is shared with.

13. The Toxic GBV Tree

14. What do you think are the root causes of GBV?

15. Root Causes of GBV
There are many myths about gender-based violence that attempt to
explain or justify it. Common myths include:
The perpetrators of violence are a minority group of mentally ill men;
Violence against women is an inevitable part of male-female
relations;
Violence against women is an inherent part of maleness, or a natural
expression of male sexual urges.
Such views lead to a perception that gender-based violence is rare or
exceptional, and/or that it is caused by factors outside of men’s control.
They place onus on women to ensure that they minimize the chances
of their behavior instigating violence.

16. Root Causes of GBV
Root Causes of GBV
Gender inequality, discrimination, Disregard for human right and Power Imbalance
are the main root causes of all forms of GBV.
Acceptance of violence as a way to resolve conflict
Notion of masculinity linked to dominance, and aggression
Poverty, low socioeconomic status, unemployment
Associating with peers who condone violence
Marital conflict
Male control of wealth and decision-making in the family
Witnessing marital violence as a child
Absent or rejecting father
Being abused as a child
Alcohol use and substance abuse

17. Causes of GBV
Contributing Factors
Breakdown of community and family support systems
Lack of institutions, lawlessness and human rights violations
Insufficient facilities and services in temporary shelters etc
War, conflict, and crisis

18. Consequences of GBV
Physical consequences
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
Unwanted Pregnancy
Wounds, loss of body parts
Death
Emotional and Psychological Consequences
Guilt
Shame
Social Consequences
Isolation
Rejection
Stigmatization

19. Group Work
Participants form groups, and do the following task
Discuss and identify short term effects and long-term impact of gender-based
violence on women’s health:
1. Physical
2. Psychological
3. Economic and social impact on women
4. Impact on women’s family and dependents
5. Impact on the perpetrators of violence
6. Impact on society

20. Peer group work
Participants form groups according to organizations and work on these;
 What are the mandates of your agency in curbing GBV?
What are the challenges?
What are the ways forward to manage the challenges?