2. Format of presentation
An overview of Indian environmental industry
Autonomous liberalization
Challenges and concerns
Environmentally preferable products
3. Development of Indian environmental
industry
Growing awareness
Health issues related to pollution and increased judicial
activism
Industry realizes that being environmentally responsible
is being economically sound.
Improved enforcement of legislation
1974: Water (Pollution and Control of Pollution) Act
1974: Central Pollution Control Board
1985: Ministry of Environment and Forests
1986: Environment Protection Act
4. Composition of Indian environmental
industry
Equipment Suppliers – Specialized
System Suppliers
Chemical Suppliers
Engineering, Procurement and Construction
Contractors/Lump-sum turnkey Contractors
Consultants
Build Own Operate and Transfer (BOOT) and Build
Own Operate (BOO) Operators
Analytical Services – Laboratories etc
5. Characteristics of Indian environmental
industry
Industry dominated by small and medium size units
(Large- 100 no’s, Medium - 250 )
Market dominated by end of the pipe treatment plants
Lack of resources: Deficient in capital, R&D, specialized
treatment technologies for complex/ special pollutants
Traditional strength (conventional air pollution equipment /
waste water management/ environmental consulting/ solar
cells and hydraulic turbines)
6. Characteristics of Indian environmental
industry…
Presence of foreign companies (Licensing,
Joint ventures, and wholly owned subsidiaries)
Foreign collaboration (US - 33 %, Germany 14 %,
UK 13 %, Canada 7 %)
Important Trading Partners (Import): USA, Germany,
Japan, UK, Canada, Australia
Important Trading Partners (Export): Middle East,
Vietnam, Indonesia, and other countries in South East Asia
7. The Market
(Estimates in US $millions)
2000 2001 2002 (estimated)
Total market
Size
3294 3788 4166
Total Local
Production
2061 2272 2499
Total
Imports
1233 1516 1667
Imports from
the U.S.
431 530 583
8. Autonomous Liberalisation
FDI with 100% foreign equity allowed through automatic
route
Preferential tariffs for pollution control equipments
Duty exemptions for equipments for R&D projects and
public funded research institutions
Preferential tariffs for renewable energy equipments
APEC list:
Average Bound rates- 25% to 40% (35%)
Average Applied rates-10 % to 25% (22%)
9. Challenges and Concerns
Availability of funds/investment
Availability of technology and its diffusion
Absence of strict enforcement of quality parameters for
imported capital equipments
Use for environmental purposes:
Electricity meters, liquid flow meters, heat exchangers,
conveyors and centrifugal pumps are general industrial
equipments
Tackling tariff anomalies i.e. a structure where duties
on inputs would be higher than on finished goods
10. India’s Trade (Goods in APEC list)
(million US$)
Categories of goods India’s trade in all the items mentioned in APEC list
Imports Exports
Air pollution control 135.71 73.25
Water pollution control 237.45 155.83
Solid/ hazardous waste management 137.32 56.14
Remediation/ clean-up of soil and water 0.89 0.1
Monitoring/ analysis and assessment 588.00 108.39
Noise/ vibration abatement 39.87 37.57
Potable water treatment 62.54 37.57
Other recycling systems 25.52 3.56
Renewable energy plant 32.96 41.41
Heat/ energy management 8.09 6.62
11. Challenges and Concerns…
Export opportunities for Indian companies
Trade data in environmental goods APEC list
-Imports US$ 1340 million
-Exports US$ 610 million
Technology licensing agreements with market
restriction clauses (Indian companies have an edge in
pricing structure )
Lack of proper marketing and distribution network
Applied tariff rates in developed countries are already at a
nuisance level.
12. Inherently environmentally
friendly goods
Environmentally friendly Natural products
Non agricultural products
Superior to other products
Jute
Coir
Rattan and bamboo
Natural and vegetable dyes
13. Trend in exports from India (million US$)
Year Jute Coir Bamboo/
Rattan
Cotton
handloom
1998/99 126.57 64.48 - 455.98
1999/00 119.96 65.88 3.91 456.94
2000/01 150.21 66.19 3.99 465.68
2001/02 133.33 - 4.16 432.97
14. The way forward
Balanced approach needed to ensure flow of trade gains,
technology and development of local industries.
General industrial items should not get place in a possible
list of environmental goods.
Transfer of technology at affordable terms. The Working
Group on Trade and Technology Transfer could look into
the relationship between trade in environmental goods
and the transfer of clean technology.
Less than full reciprocity for developing countries
