Realism and Naturalism were 19th century art movements that sought to depict reality with accuracy and detail. Realism emerged in the mid-19th century as a reaction against idealism, focusing on everyday life and social/political issues. Naturalism emerged later, emphasizing realistic representations of nature and rural life. Both movements used techniques like close observation and attention to lighting, and were influenced by scientific thinking and a desire to portray the truth. Famous artists associated with these styles included Courbet, Millet, Constable, and Cole.

1. REALISM
& NATURALISM
Presented by – ANUJ KUMAR MAURYA Presented to– Ar. REETA MAURYA

2. REALISM
• Realism was an art movement that emerged in the mid-19th century in Europe,
primarily in France, and spread to other parts of the world. It was a reaction
against the idealism and romanticism of the previous era and aimed to depict
the world as it really was, without idealization or distortion.
• Realist artists sought to capture everyday life and ordinary people, as well as
social and political issues of their time, such as poverty, injustice, and
industrialization. They focused on accurate representation, attention to detail,
and the use of natural light and colors.
• Some of the most famous Realist artists include Gustave Courbet, Jean-
Francois Millet, Honore Daumier, and Winslow Homer.
• Realism had a significant influence on later art movements, including
Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, and Social Realism.

3. MEANING OF REALISM
• Realism is a broad term used to describe a variety of movements in art,
literature, and philosophy that emphasize the accurate representation of reality.
In art, realism is characterized by a focus on the depiction of everyday life, and
the rejection of idealized or stylized representations. This often involves a
meticulous attention to detail.
• Realists reject metaphysical or supernatural explanations in favor of
explanations grounded in observable phenomena.
• Overall, realism is characterized by a concern with the world as it is, rather than
as it might be imagined or idealized.

4. Barbizon school
• The Barbizon School was an influential art movement that emerged in
France in the mid-19th century. It is named after the village of Barbizon, near
the Forest of Fontainebleau, which was a popular location for landscape
painting.
• The artists of the Barbizon School were interested in painting the natural
world and capturing the effects of light and atmosphere on the landscape.
They rejected the idealized landscapes of the previous generation of painters
and instead focused on painting what they saw directly in nature.

5. • The Barbizon artists also played an important role in the development of plein
air painting, which involves painting outdoors directly from nature. They
believed that this was the best way to capture the subtleties of light and color
in the landscape.
• Some of the most famous artists associated with the Barbizon School include
Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, Théodore Rousseau, Charles-François
Daubigny, and Jean-François Millet. Their influence can be seen in the work of
later movements such as Impressionism and the Hudson River School in the
United States.

6. Main artist
• Gustave Courbet - "The Stonebreakers," "A Burial at Ornans," "The Painter's
Studio“
• Auguste rodin – the thinker (sculpture), the kiss, the gates of hell
• Vincent van gogh – the potato eaters
• Edouard Manet - "Olympia," "Luncheon on the Grass," "A Bar at the Folies-
Bergere"
• Winslow Homer - "Snap the Whip," "The Gulf Stream," "Breezing Up (A Fair
Wind)“
• Jean-Francois Millet - "The Gleaners," "The Angelus," "The Sower"

7. Gustave Courbet
Gustave Courbet was a French painter
known for his Realist style of painting, which
emphasized the accurate depiction of reality.
Courbet's techniques were grounded in his
belief that painting should represent the
world as it truly is, rather than idealizing or
romanticizing it.

8. artwork
The Stonebreakers
A Burial at Ornans

9. artwork
The Painter's Studio

10. Auguste rodin
Auguste Rodin was a French sculptor known for his
innovative techniques and his ability to convey
intense emotions and movement through his works.
Some of his most famous sculptures include "The
Thinker" and "The Kiss."
Rodin's technique involved a process of building up
and modeling his sculptures in clay or plaster, often
incorporating elements of fragmentation and
abstraction. He believed that the surface of the
sculpture should be as important as the form itself.

11. sculptor
the thinker the kiss

12. sculptor
The Gates of Hell

13. Vincent van gogh
Vincent van Gogh was a Dutch Post-Impressionist
painter known for his bold use of color and
expressive brushwork. He is considered one of the
most important artists of the 19th century.
Van Gogh's technique involved the use of thick
layers of paint, often applied with bold and
expressive brushstrokes. He used vibrant,
contrasting colors to create a sense of movement
and energy in his works, and he often used a
technique called impasto to create a three-
dimensional effect on the canvas.

14. artwork
the potato eaters

15. Winslow Homer
Winslow Homer was an American painter who lived
from 1836 to 1910. He is known for his realistic
depictions of American life, particularly scenes of the
sea and rural life. Homer used a variety of
techniques in his paintings, but he is especially
known for his use of watercolors and oils.
In his watercolor paintings, Homer used a wet-on-
wet technique, which involves applying wet paint to
a wet paper surface. This allowed the colors to blend
and create a soft, atmospheric effect.

16. artwork
Snap the Whip The Gulf Stream

17. artwork
Breezing Up (A
Fair Wind)

18. Jean-Francois Millet
Jean-Francois Millet was a French painter who lived
from 1814 to 1875. He is known for his realistic
depictions of rural life, particularly the lives of
peasants and farmers. Millet used a variety of
techniques in his paintings, but he is especially
known for his use of oil paints.
Millet's oil paintings are characterized by their earthy
colors and a thick, impasto style, with visible
brushstrokes and texture.

19. artwork
The Gleaners The Angelus

20. artwork
The Sower

21. NATURALISM
• Naturalism is an art movement that emerged in the late 19th century and is
characterized by its emphasis on representing the natural world in a highly
realistic and objective manner. This movement was a reaction against the
romanticism and idealism that dominated the art world at the time.
• Naturalist artists sought to depict everyday life and the world around them with
accuracy and detail, often depicting scenes of rural life, landscapes, and
portraits of everyday people. They used techniques such as careful
observation, detailed brushwork, and a focus on light and shadow to create
highly realistic and believable images.
• Some notable Naturalist artists include jules bastien lepage, john constable,
and Thomas cole. Naturalism had a significant impact on the development of
modern art, influencing movements such as Impressionism and Realism.

22. MEANING OF NATURALISM
• Naturalism in art is a style of art that attempts to replicate the appearance of
the natural world as accurately as possible. This style of art is often associated
with realism, as it seeks to represent the world as it is, without idealization or
embellishment.
• Naturalism in art can be seen in various forms throughout history, from ancient
Greek and Roman sculptures that depict human figures in realistic poses and
proportions to the landscape paintings of the 19th century that aim to capture
the natural world in all its glory.

23. • In the 19th century, the term naturalism was also used to describe a specific
artistic movement, which emerged as a reaction to the idealization and
romanticization of nature that was prevalent in art at the time. Naturalist artists
sought to create works that were grounded in scientific observation and
depicted the world in a manner that was faithful to nature, without any added
subjective interpretation or symbolism.
• Some famous naturalist artists include john constable, who is known for his
realistic depictions of rural life and landscapes, and Thomas cole, who painted
scenes of peasants and farm life in a naturalistic style.

24. Main artist
• John Constable
• Jules Bastien-Lepage
• Thomas cole
Key works:
• "The Hay Wain, the white horse" by John Constable
• "Les Foins (The Hay Harvest), october" by Jules Bastien-Lepage
• "The oxbow, distant view of niagara falls by Thomas cole

25. John Constable
John Constable was an English landscape painter
known for his naturalistic depictions of the English
countryside. He was a key figure in the Romantic
movement and his paintings often celebrated the
beauty and majesty of nature.
One of Constable's key techniques was his use of
broken color, which involved applying small strokes
of paint to the canvas to create a sense of
shimmering light and movement.

26. artwork
The Hay Wain the white horse

27. artwork
portrait of a man

28. Jules Bastien-Lepage
Jules Bastien-Lepage was a French Realist painter
known for his naturalistic and atmospheric style of
painting. He was particularly interested in capturing
the everyday lives of rural people and the beauty of
the French countryside.
Bastien-Lepage's technique involved a meticulous
observation of nature and a careful attention to
detail. He often painted directly from life, working
outdoors to capture the changing effects of light.

29. artwork
Les Foins (The Hay Harvest) october

30. Thomas cole
Thomas Cole was an American painter who was
part of the Hudson River School, a group of
landscape painters who were active in the mid-19th
century. He is known for his romantic and idealized
depictions of the American wilderness.
Cole's technique involved a careful observation of
nature and a focus on the effects of light and
atmosphere on the landscape.

31. artwork
The oxbow distant view of niagara falls

32. DIFFERENCE
• Subject matter: Realism depicts everyday life and situations in a
straightforward manner, while Naturalism focuses more on the natural
world and human experience in a more poetic or emotional way.
• Style: Realism is characterized by a detailed, almost photographic
representation of subjects, while Naturalism tends to be more loose and
expressive.
• Emphasis: Realism emphasizes the objective and the observable, while
Naturalism emphasizes the subjective and the emotional.

33. • Purpose: Realism seeks to depict reality as it is, while Naturalism seeks
to convey the inner experience of the subject matter.
• Time period: Realism emerged in the mid-19th century, while Naturalism
emerged in the late 19th century.
• Influence: Realism was influenced by the rise of scientific thinking and
the desire to capture the truth of everyday life, while Naturalism was
influenced by the ideas of Charles Darwin and the desire to explore the
natural world in a more emotional and artistic way.

34. Thank You