MANGO ANTHRACNOSE AND ITS MANAGEMENT

1. MANGO ANTHRACNOSE
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY
(Affiliated to Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-3)
Kullapuram (Po),ViaVaigai Dam, Theni-625 562
STUDENT
Miss. ABIRAMI.C
ID. No. 2015021003
COURSE TEACHER
Dr. PARTHASARATHY S
Asst. Professor (Plant Pathology)

2. SIGNIFICANCE
 Post harvest loses of mango in several tropical countries
(Brazil, Pakistan) ranges from 15% in dry season to 70% in
rainy season.
 China and India postharvest losses of mango due to
anthracnose is 15% - 25%.
 The incidence of this disease reach 100% in fruit under wet
conditions.
 30 – 60% yield loss on mango occurs different countries of
world (Aken,2006:Chowdhury and Rahim,2009)

3. DISTRIBUTION
 World
Pakistan, Brazil, China, India etc.,
 India
Himachal Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka,
Andhra Pradesh etc.,

4. CAUSAL ORGANISM
• Anamorph stage (asexual stage)
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz and Sacc)
• Teleomorph ( sexual stage )
Glomerella cingulata (Fitzell, 1979 and Prakash, 1990)

5. SYSTEMATIC POSITION
KINGDOM : Fungi
DIVISION : Ascomycota
CLASS : Sordariomycetes
ORDER : Glomerellales
FAMILY : Glomerellaceae
GENUS : Colletotrichum
SPECIES : C. gloeosporioides

6. SYMPTOMS ON LEAVES
 Small blister like spots develop on the leaves and
twigs.
 Young leaves wither and dry Tender twigs wither and
die back symptom appears.

7. SYMPTOMS ON LEAVES
https://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu>pdf

8. SYMPTOMS ON FLOWERS
 Infections on the panicles (form clusters) start as
small black or dark- brown spots.
 These can enlarge, coalesce and kill the flowers.
The panicles become prone to disintegration.

9. SYMPTOMS ON FLOWERS
https://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu>pdf

10. SYMPTOMS ON FRUITS
 Prominent dark –brown to black decay spots or tear stains
from anywhere on the fruit coalesce to form larger severe
blighted areas.
 Fruit infections are common and can create severe decay of
fruits.
 During humid conditions, abundant orange – brown to
salmon-colored spore masses of pathogen form in lesions on
fruit surface.

11. SYMPTOMS ON FRUITS
TEAR STAIN EFFECT
https://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu>pdf

12. Linear necrotic regions show alligator skin effect
associated with cracking on epidermis
https://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu>pdf

13. SYMPTOMS ON STEM AND BRANCHES
• Twig dieback occurs when severe elongated,
blackened lesions form on stems and twig die
back apically.
• Abundant sporulation of the pathogen covers
the decomposed points of infection.

14. SYMPTOMS ON STEM AND BRANCHES
https://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu>pdf

15. PATHOGEN CHARACTERS
Conidiophore is simple, branched hyphae on which
conidia are produced.
Conidia is an asexual non-motile fungi spore that
develop externally from the cell that formed it.

16. CONIDIA OF Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
https://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu>pdf

17. EPIDEMIOLOGY
 High humidity
 Temperature of 24°C – 32°C.
 Frequent rains.
 Moist conditions favours the development of
disease (October to November)

18. DISEASE CYCLE OF
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

19.  Dissemination
Conidia are dispersed passively by splashing of rain or
irrigation water.
 Inoculation
Spores land on infectious sites (panicles, leaves,
branch terminals)
 Symptoms and disease development
Black, sunken, rapidly expanding lesions develop in
fruiting bodies (Acervuli).

20.  Pathogen reproduction
Sticky masses of conidia are produced in fruiting
body (Acervuli).
 Pathogen survival
The pathogen survives between seasons on infected
and defoliated branch terminals and mature leaves.

21. MODE OF INFECTION
 Primary spread
Air borne conidia and infected plant debris are
primary source of infection.
 Secondary spread
Rain splashes and irrigation water are secondary
source of infection.

22. INTEGARATED DISEASE MANAGEMENT
 Spray P. fluorescens (FP7) at 3 weeks interval
commencing from October at 5 g/like on flower branches,
5 – 7 sprays one to be given on flowers and bunches.
 Spray twice with Carbendazim (0.1%) at 15 days interval
during flowering to control blossom infection.

23.  Spraying of Mancozeb 2 g/lit Thiophanate methyl 1 g/lit or
chlorothalonil 2 g/lit 3 times at 15 days interval.
 Spray copper fungicides (0.3%) for the control of foliar
infection.
 Before storage, treat with hot water (50 – 55ºC) for 15
minutes or dip in Benomyl solution (500 ppm) or
Thiobendazole (1000 ppm) for 5 minutes.

24. REFERENCES
https://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu>pdf
https://www.scarlet.net
 agritech.tnau.ac.in
 Thind T.S “ Diseases of fruits and vegetables and
their management” published by Kalyani publishers
Pg:No (47 – 49) .
 Arun Arya “Tropical fruit diseases and fruits”
published by kalyani publishers Pg:No: (23 – 28)