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1. Effects of Noise Pollution
Noise pollution affects the human mind and body negatively. The ill-effects of noise pollution are
many. It is the major cause for several ailments. The quality of human life gets disrupted. The lives
of the children, the aged or the ailing people become miserable.
1. Loss of hearing and deafness: Noise above the tolerable threshold is the leading cause for loss
of hearing and deafness.
2. Cardiac disturbance: Noise increase the risk of cardiac disturbance including coronary artery
disease or ischemic heart disease (IHD).
3. Sleeplessness: Noise may make people restless. It may keep people away from sound sleep.
4. Headache: Human mind can tolerate sound only to a limited extent. Excess noise causes
headache.
5. Stress, tension and aggressiveness: Constant exposure to irritating sound may cause stress and
tension. The behavior of people often becomes aggressive.
6. Irregular blood pressure: For good health, it is very important to maintain normal pressure in
the arteries both during the heartbeat and between the heartbeat. Noise may contribute
to fluctuations in the levels of blood pressure.
7. Mental imbalance and nervous debility: Mental illness is among the worst negative effects of
noise pollution. People may find it difficult to cope with their normal routine life. Human mind
cannot accept sound beyond a certain level. Excess sound may lead to mental imbalance and
nervous disability.
Noise pollution or noise disturbance is the disturbing or excessive noise that may harm the
activity or balance of human or animal life. The source of most outdoor noise worldwide is
mainly caused by machines and transportation systems, motor vehicles, aircraft, and trains.
Outdoor noise is summarized by the word environmental noise.
Noise pollution refers to the presence of such levels of noise or sound in the environment
that are disturbing, irritating and annoying to living beings. It causes discomfort and harm
to living being’s mental and physical health

2. • Noise pollution or noise disturbance is the disturbing or excessive noise that may harm the
activity or balance of human or animal life. The source of most outdoor noise worldwide is mainly
caused by machines and transportation systems, motor vehicles, aircraft, and trainsCause of
noise pollution:-2. Transportation vehicles: Noise pollution is severest in the cities. The different
modes of transportation (land, air and water), such as motor-cars, buses, trains, trams, airplanes,
etc. produces sound that disturbs human mind.3. Microphones: The unrestricted use of
microphones during social and political events.4. Loud speakers: During social events and other
festive occasions, people use loud speakers in unjustified manner.5. Factories and industries: In
large cities, there are large number of factories, mills and industries. These industrial sites
produce immense environmental noise to disturb the habitats of nearby residential areas.6.
Domestic appliances: Even at homes, people use large number of domestic appliances such as
grinder, mixer, juicer, etc.7. Loud music: Playing music in high volume,8. Television: Television also
causes sound and watching television for long hours in just as harmful for ears as they are for
eyes.Effect on Human Health: It may affect the mind, health and behaviour. It may cause
physically discomfort and temporary or permanent damage to hearing. It causes headache and
irritability. Loud speakers not only disturb the student in their studies but also the peace of
locality. It may cause deafness, stress and highblood pressure.Effect on Animal Health: Animals
suffer badly due to noise pollution. At times, it can also lead to death. Noise has impact on the
living pattern of the animals and it may push the rare species to extinction. Like humans, they also
suffer from temporary or permanent disability of hearing.Protection: Personal protection against
noise can be achieved by covering our ears with a cap, turban or even by spreading out the palms
of our hands in excessive noise situat

3. • Air pollution:
• Air pollution means presence of pollutants in the atmosphere is such concentration that causes
injury to human being and plants.
• Causes: Air mainly polluted by Carbon dioxide, Nitrogen oxide, Sulphur dioxide, etc.
• Solution: Air pollution can be checked by increasing forest and protecting forests. Industry should
be placed long distance from residential areas.
• We should be careful and alert that our surrounding on our houses, streets, drains are cleaned.
Smoke free furnaces should be used. Electric engines should be used more rather than steam or
diesel engines. Lastly air pollution can be better controlled by way of combined effort of
Government and by private efforts.
• 2. Water pollution
• Water pollution means contamination of water with physical, chemical or biological properties of
water due to discharge of industrial effluent or any other liquid, gases or solid substance into
water which is harmful for public health of commercial activities or in agriculture.
• Sources: Domestic waste water and dirty municipal waste or sewage are the chief source of water
pollution. Also read, major sources of water pollution.
• Effects: Water pollution has had effects on human life. Water are polluted in different sources
such as by gases, dirty soil, minerals, humans’ materials, dead body of animals and other living
organisms.
• Solution: Water pollution can largely be controlled by proper treatment of domestic and
municipal effluents. Domestic water and sewage can rightly be mixed with soil which will increase
fertility. The industries must not discharge toxic water in the land. Also read, different ways to
prevent water pollution.

4. • Prevent water pollution:- Conserve water; the less water you use, the less will be running down
the drains and into gutters, carrying pollutants with it. For more information about water
consumption, as well as some tips on how to conserve water, see the Water Consumption fact
sheet.@@ ƒKeep pet litter and debris out of street gutters.@ ƒUse pesticides sparingly; in
general, people tend to use 10 to 50 times more fertilizer on their lawns and gardens than is
necessary for good plant health. @ ƒOr, use compost to fertilize your garden@. ƒKeep your
vehicles running properly. If you have an oil leak, fix it immediately, and if you change your own
oil, dispose of the used oil properly.@ ƒUse natural cleaners, such as baking soda, vinegar and
borax. @ ƒUse detergents with less phosphate; sewage plants can only remove about 30 percent
of the phosphates from waste. It is estimated that, in the United States, between 90.7 million
and 226.8 million kilograms of phosphates are added into waterways each year.
• Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD, also called biological oxygendemand) is the amount of dissolv
ed oxygen needed (i. e., demanded) byaerobic biological organisms to break down organic materi
al presenta given water sample at certain temperature over a specific time periodThe BOD value i
s most commonly expressed in milligrams of oxygenconsumed per litre of sample during 5 days of
incubation at 20 °C and is often used as a surrogate of the degree of organic pollution of water
• Chemical Oxygen Demand refers to the amount of oxygen required to oxidize the organic compou
nds in a
water sample to carbon dioxide and water. This test is used often by wastewater treatment plants
to help characterize the plant's influent.
The test involves using strong chemical reagents to oxidize the organics

5. • National Green Tribunal The legislate Act of Parliament defines the National Green
Tribunal Act, 2010 as follows,
• "An Act to provide for the establishment of a,National Green Tribunal for the effective and
expeditious disposal of cases relating to,environmental protection and conservation of
forests and other natural resources including,enforcement of any legal right relating to
environment and giving relief and compensation,for damages to persons and property and for
matters connected therewith or incidentalthereto".On 18 October 2010, Justice Lokeshwar Singh
Panta,became its first Chairman. Currently it is chaired by Justice Swatanter Kumar[6][7] since 20
Dec 2012.
• . Effluent Treatment Plants (ETP):
• Effluent Treatment Plants or (ETPs) are used by leading companies in the pharmaceutical and
chemical industry to purify water and remove any toxic and non toxic materials or chemicals from
it. These plants are used by all companies for environment protection.
• An ETP is a plant where the treatment of industrial effluents and waste waters is done. The ETP
plants are used widely in industrial sector, for example, pharmaceutical industry, to remove the
effluents from the bulk drugs.
• During the manufacturing process of drugs, varied effluents and contaminants are produced. The
effluent treatment plants are used in the removal of high amount of organics, debris, dirt, grit,
pollution, toxic, non toxic materials, polymers etc. from drugs and other medicated stuff. The ETP
plants use evaporation and drying methods, and other auxiliary techniques such as centrifuging,
filtration, incineration for chemical processing and effluent treatment.
• The treatment of effluents is essential to prevent pollution of the receiving water. The effluent
water treatment plants are installed to reduce the possibility of pollution; biodegradable organics
if left unsolved, the levels of contamination in the process of purification could damage bacterial
treatment beds and lead to pollution of controlled waters. The ETPs can be established in the
industrial sectors like Pharmaceuticals, Chemicals and Leather industry and tanneries

6. • The Benefits of EIA:•Reduced cost and time of project implementation. •Cost-saving
modifications in project design. •Increased project acceptance. •Avoiding impacts and violations
of laws and regulations. •Improved project performance. •Avoiding waste treatment/clean up
expenses.•The benefits to local communities from taking part in environmental impact
assessments include: •A healthier local environment (forests, water sources, agricultural
potential, recreational potential, aesthetic values, and clean living in urban areas). •Improved
human health. •Maintenance of biodiversity. •Decreased resource use. •Fewer conflicts over
natural resource use. •Increased community skills, knowledge and pride.
• Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is the process of assessing the likely environmental
impacts of a proposal and identifying options to minimise environmental damage. The main
purpose of EIA is to inform decision makers of the likely impacts of a proposal before a decision is
made. EIA provides an opportunity to identify key issues and stakeholders early in the life of a
proposal so that potentially adverse impacts can be addressed before final approval decisions are
made
Objectives of EIA
•ensuring environmental factors are considered in the decision-making process
•ensuring that possible adverse environmental impacts are identified and avoided or minimised
•informing the public about the proposal.

7. • Soil pollution is defined as the contamination of soil in a particular region. Soil pollution
is a result of penetration of harmful pesticides and insecticides that deteriorate the soil
quality making it unfit for later use. Soil contamination is caused by xenobiotic
components or alteration of natural environment. This is usually caused by industrial
activity, agricultural chemicals and improper disposal of waste.
• Causes:Industrial effluents like harmful gases and chemicals.@ Use of chemicals in agriculture lik
e pesticides, fertilizers and insecticides.@Improper or ineffective soil management system. @
Unfavorable irrigation practices.@ Improper management and maintenance of septic system.
Sanitary waste leakage. @ Toxic fumes from industries get mixed with rains causing acid rains. @
Leakages of fuel fro automobiles are washed off due to rains and are deposited,in the nearby soil.
@ Unhealthy waste management techniques release sewage into dumping
grounds and nearby water bodies.
• Effects:Reduced soil fertility hence decrease in soil yield.@ Loss of natural nutrients in soil.@ Re
duced nitrogen fixation.@Loss of soil and nutrients.@Increased soil erosion.@Imbalance in the fl
ora and fauna of the soil. @Increase in soil salinity, makes it unfit for cultivation.
@Creation of toxic dust.
• Control:-
Reducing the use of chemical fertilizer and pesticides.@Recycling paper, plastics and other materi
als. @Ban on use of plastic bags, which are a major cause of pollution. @ Reusing materials.
Avoiding deforestation and promoting forestation.@
Suitable and safe disposal of wastes including nuclear wastes.

8. • Air pollution act(1981):-An Act to provide for the prevention, control and abatement of air pollution, for the establishment, with a
view to carrying out the aforesaid purposes, of Boards, for conferring on and assigning to such Boards powers and functions
relating thereto and for matters connected therewith.decisions were taken at the United Nations Conference on the Hum an
Environment held in Stockholm in June, 1972, in which India participated, to take appropriate steps for the preservation of the
natural resources of the earth which, among other things, include the preservation of the quality of air and control of air pollution;
it is considered necessary to implement the decisions aforesaid in so far as they relate to the preservation of the quality of air and
control of air pollution.
• Water pollution act (1974):-An Act to provide for the prevention and control of water pollution and the maintaining or restoring of
wholesomeness of water, for the establishment, with a view to carrying out the purposes aforesaid, of Boards for the prevention
and control of water pollution, for conferring on and assigning to such Boards Powers and functions relating thereto and
formatters connected therewith. it is expedient to provide for the prevention and control of water pollution and the maintaining or
restoring of wholesomeness of water, for the establishment, with a view to carrying out the purposes aforesaid, of Boards for the
prevention . alok industry:-Alok Industries' focus on activities related to sustainability is at the core of its long term goal of being a
leader in providing sustainable and integrated textile solutions. The sustainability programmes includes interventions in prevention
of environmental degradation, promotion of energy conservation and stress on community development.On the environment
protection front the thrust is on green development. This includes promoting green procurement to minimize environmental
degradation through mitigation of environmental impact on Climate Change and pollution of Air, Water and Soil. At Alok, waste
recycling is actively pursued across all its processes by establishing long term contractual relations with vendors, contractors and
agencies with established credentials on waste recycling. The endeavour is to demonstrate environmental leadership and influence
the industry and citizens at large to encourage use of environmental friendly products, processes and services. The Company is
emerging as a model in the region for Waste management by supporting innovation, development of new technologies and
creation of demand in the mainstream society for environmental friendly products and services. The Company increasingly uses
ethical fibres like Organic cotton (cotton grown without the use of external synthetic agricultural inputs like fertilizers and
pesticides and helps conserve the environment from the harmful effects of the use of hazardous agro chemicals) and Better cotton
from Better Cotton Initiative (BCI) (involves educating the cotton growers to adopt the Best Management Practices in cotton
cultivation). This is not only leading to helping conserve the fragile environment threatened today by indiscriminate use of agro
chemicals and pesticides but will also help farmers get a decent farm earnings sustain their livelihoods. In addition, the Company
has 'best in class' ETP system established for primary, secondary and tertiary treatment of effluents and reverse osmosis plant to
optimize water conservation. It also has "Green Zones" around all facilities and encourages planting of saplings to conserve
ecological balance. The Company has strived to minimize air pollution from its plants and units by installing Selective Catalytic
Reduction (SCR) systems in the exhaust of the DG sets which reduce oxides of Nitrogen. Alok encourages the use of recycled
products and has set up a recycled polyester unit with an initial 10 tons/ day of capacity to recycle polyester and polyester yarn
waste, flakes and PET bottles to produce 100% recycled polyester fibre

9. • Coagulation,foaculation,sendimentation:-Active on suspended matter, colloidal type of very
small size, their electrical charge give repulsion and prevent their aggregation. Adding in water
electrolytic products such as aluminum sulphate, ferric sulphate, ferric chloride, giving
hydrolysable metallic ions or organic hydrolysable polymers (polyelectrolyte) can eliminate the
surface electrical charges of the colloids. This effect is named coagulation. Normally the colloids
bring negative charges，so the coagulants are usually inorganic or organic cationic coagulants
(with positive charge in water). The metallic hydroxides and the organic polymers, besides giving
the coagulation, can help the particle aggregation into flocks, thereby increasing the
sedimentation. The combined action of coagulation, flocculation and settling is named
clariflocculation. Settling needs stillness and flow velocity, so these three processes need different
reactions tanks. This processes use mechanical separation among heterogeneous matters, while
the dissolved matter is not well removed (clariflocculation can eliminate a part of it by absorption
into the flocks). The dissolved matter can be better removed by biological or by other physical
chemical processes . 2 Floatation The floatation produces a large number of micro-bubbles in
order to form the three-phase substances of water, gas, and solid. Dissolved air under pressure
may be added to cause the formation of tiny bubbles which will attach to particles. Under the
effect of interfacial tension, buoyancy of bubble rising, hydrostatic pressure and variety of other
forces, the microbubble adheres to the tiny fibers. Due to its low density, the mixtures float to the
surface so that the oil particles are separated from the water. So, this method can effectively
remove the fibers in wastewater . ozone oxidation:- It is a very effective and fast decolourising
treatment, which can easily break the double bonds present in most of the dyes. Ozonation can
also inhibit or destroy the foaming properties of residual surfactants and it can oxidize a
significant portion of COD. Moreover, it can improve the biodegradability of those effluents
which contain a high fraction of nonbiodegradable and toxic components through the
conversion (by a limited oxidation) of recalcitrant pollutants into more easily biodegradable
intermediates. As a further advantage, the treatment does increase neither the volume of
wastewater nor the sludge mass