Running Head PICOT STATEMENT ON PRESSURE ULCERS1PICOT STA.docx

Running Head: PICOT STATEMENT ON PRESSURE ULCERS
1
PICOT STATEMENT ON PRESSURE ULCERS
2
PICOT Question pressure ulcers
Student’s Name: Vladimir Andino
University Affiliation: GCU
PICOT Question
According to a report by CDC, approximately 3 million people
develop pressure injuries each year. Pressure ulcers reduce the
quality of quality of life. Each year a considerably large number
of people are diagnosed with pressure injuries. Various ways
can be used to prevent the progression of this phenomenon. This
paper evaluates the most effective option that can be applied to
prevent pressure injuries. It is framed based on the PICOT
statement,
(P) patients with severe pressure injuries.
(I) is the surgical removal of ulcers.
(C) compared with the administration of antibiotics.
(O) more effective in treatment of pressure injuries.
(T) in the short-term medical plan.
Edlich, R., Winters, K. L., Woodard, C. R., Buschbacher, R. M.,
Long III, W. B., Gebhart, J. H., & Ma, E. K. (2004). Pressure
ulcer prevention. Journal of long-term effects of medical
implants, 14(4).
This study explicitly analyzes prevention as well as treatment
actions that should be taken by nurses who carry the burden of
reducing this phenomenon. The study is a qualitative study, in

the sense that it does not involve an analysis of data both
mathematically and graphically.
The authors use published information to support their
arguments hence it is a peer-reviewed secondary study.
After evaluation, the study confirms that nurses should conduct
preventative measures to reduce the effects of pressure injuries.
This can be achieved by involving various types of treatment
and nursing interventions to mention a few.
Bluestein, D., & Javaheri, A. (2008). Pressure ulcers:
prevention, evaluation, and management. American family
physician, 78(10).
. This study comprehensively evaluates the predominant factors
associated with wounds. The study relies on pre-existing data.
The authors conclude that appropriate dressing is important to
prevent critical health issues. It is from this point of view that
the study advises on thorough check-ups and in case there are
no improvement medicals procedures should be taken.
Vanderwee, K., Defloor, T., Beeckman, D., Demarré, L.,
Verhaeghe, S., Van Durme, T., & Gobert, M. (2011). Assessing
the adequacy of pressure ulcer prevention in hospitals: a
nationwide prevalence survey. BMJ Quality & Safety, 20(3),
260-267.
The study assesses the efficacy of pressure ulcer prevention in
health cares. This is a primary study because the author
organizes, collect and analyzes data. Also, this is a quantitative
study because it statistically analyzes data.
The study confirmed that there is a limited use of proper
preventions measures with respect to pressure injuries and
wounds. In other words, the study confirmed that there is a
rather low-quality care.
Sving, E., Gunningberg, L., Högman, M., & Mamhidir, A. G.

(2012). Registered nurses’ attention to and perceptions of
pressure ulcer prevention in hospital settings. Journal of clinical
nursing, 21(9‐10), 1293-1303.
This study describes how health practitioners especially nurses
performance reflect on the overall agenda of preventing ulcer
pressure. The study is descriptive in the sense that it does not
involve mathematical interpretation of data.
The study concluded that nurses who play an important role in
health care paid little attention to ulcer patients. This affected
the overall healthcare objective of preventing pressure ulcers.
Nurses delegated their responsibility to their juniors.
Sving, E., Idvall, E., Högberg, H., & Gunningberg, L. (2014).
Factors contributing to evidence-based pressure ulcer
prevention. A cross-sectional study. International journal of
nursing studies, 51(5), 717-725.
This study examines factors that contribute to EBP pressure
ulcer and would prevention. This is s primary study because
authors conducted a research analyzing real events. Simply, the
study mathematically analysis data.
After evaluation, the study concluded that patient
characteristics in terms of age and risk score are associated with
pressure injuries. Shockingly, stakeholders in the health care
sectors play a minor role in combating this phenomenon.
Latimer, S., Chaboyer, W., & Gillespie, B. (2014). Patient
participation in pressure injury prevention: giving patient's a
voice. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 28(4), 648-656.
Evidently, pressure injuries not only burden patients but also
the entire health care fraternity. This study examines various
ways patient participate in preventing or fighting against
pressure injury.
This is a primary study because it relies on first-person
information by conducting interviews. The study confirms that
participants familiarize themselves with this phenomena.

Unfortunately, there are many deterrents in the health care
sector that prohibits openness or giving patients a voice.
Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical
Considerations
Abstract
Because of the fragility and the level of care that is required of
nurses in the health and medicine sector, a lot of consideration
is given while researching the quality of attention given to
patients on their visit to health centers. Additionally, a high
professional ethics standard expected of nurses is especially
given precedence because of the field essentially deals with the
preservation of human life. This excerpt will strive to review
the article on nursing care that is given to patients suffering
from the illness of pressure ulcers. Special considerations will
be given to the type of care expected when dealing with patients
with the disease and additional ethical implications brought
about by the article will also be discussed.
Introduction establishing the essence of the qualitative research
To begin with, the background of the research study is seen to
discuss the disease itself, its causes, symptoms, and diagnosis.
The article gives the basis of the study which is outlined by the
prevalence of the disease in the population. The causes are
found to be low qualities of life facing people including stress
and a general lack of a healthy lifestyle. This fact, according to
the research study is not known by many people hence a large
number of the population, of 3 million, is found to be
susceptible to contracting pressure ulcers every year
(Vanderwee et al, 2011). The article further goes on to clearly
define the various methods that can be used whenever a nurse
encounters a person with the disease. Depending on the progress
of the illness, the article gives advice on different measures that
can be taken to either prevent more damage to the person’s

health or cure. These methods have been listed on the basis of
the PICOT statement and have been broadened to show the
choices that a nurse/ doctor have when treating such a patient.
The article defines its mandate by specifying its role on
completion to be ways of taking care of the problem once it is
discovered in patients.
Measures to take when handling the illness and methods used in
data gathering
Regarding pressure ulcers, the article goes on to define the best
way to handle the illness through qualitative analysis. The study
finds out that in taking precautions against the disease, people
are made aware in order to handle cases whereby injuries could
occur to the patients. The methods used in the research of the
illness is based on pre-existing data, hence qualitative
inferences are made. The actions to be taken by the nurses on
event of encountering the problem are treatment regimens and
further developments of the disease are dealt with by surgical
measures. Due to the research’s use of resources that are
already known, the study can be termed as a secondary research
paper. The resources used by the author are mainly professional
bringing out an aspect of field credibility due to the experience
accredited with the writers. The lacking part of the references is
the age, some of the cited researches are older than five years
ergo, and a question on whether they are still applicable is
introduced.
The study is specifically important in giving the frameworks
and guidelines to be used by nurses on the event of an encounter
with the illness. Some of which include proper dressing and
cleaning of the wound to prevent further infection. The
knowledge attained by nurses in the field can be applied
directly to the real-life cases they encounter; hence the study
serves its purpose of addressing the actions the illness. The
steps to take have been clearly defined in the research project

with reference being given to the secondary resources that the
author has used in the qualitative research. The criteria for
addressing each issue step by step with regard being given to
the level of infection that each individual patient shows.
Depending on the level of infection, the nurses should ensure
the appropriate treatment of the disease is given to managing it
since each situation differs. Also, the knowledge passed in the
article proves to be advantageous enough to be added to the
curriculum of learning since the seriousness of the matter had
historically not been discovered. Preventive measures that have
been described shoe just how much the disease can go unnoticed
by medical practitioners in the field hence a need to add this
information to their knowledge base is essential.
Additionally, the study involves research on the filed on the
conduct of nurses in taking care of patients and leads the way in
showing how each action taken by nurses may cause the
occurrence of pressure ulcers. The information included depicts
ways in which medical practitioners, specifically, nurses, can
improve the mode of care they give their patients hence help
curb the risk of getting the disease. The attention given to
patients is further criticized on the nurse’s side with the claim
that they assign duties that require their undivided attention to
junior nurses hence increasing the risk factors involved with the
illness. The author goes on to select a reference that nurses can
use to improve their skills in taking care if an individual who
visit health care facilities with precedence being given on
proper hygiene and prevention of infection to wounds.
(Vanderwee et al, 2011)
Ethical Considerations during patient care
Ethically, the article shows no sign of any indulgence with the
discussed patients and any institution associated with the
medical field. The research is solely based on individual action
shown by a lack of any mention of names or accreditation of

involved parties. This cannot be considered as a breach of
privacy and ethical misconduct since the article generalizes the
prevalence of the illness on the population. If a situation
whereby a patient’s name was disclosed was evidenced, then the
article would be invalid and ethically wrong to write and
publish in the first place. No consideration or affiliation was
given to any review board thus it is safe to say that the study
was meant to be anonymous in nature and open to public
critique as one sees fit.
Conclusion on the findings and further recommendations
In conclusion, the article shows great dedication in bringing out
the issue on the measures to take when dealing with pressure
ulcers. This is a great way of proving the thesis statement.
Additionally, the article has shown a deep understanding of the
topic with regard given to the detailed description of every step
that a nurse can take on different encounters with the illness.
Evidently, the health care fraternity could use a great deal of
what is discussed by embracing the various methods described
by the author while treating their patients. Additional steps can
be taken to teach individuals on proper wound management
methods in order to prevent the contraction of the disease at
home/ away from the healthcare facilities (Vanderwee et al,
2011). The study has depicted its relevance in the medical field
by extra usage of professional resources and articles that
strengthen the argument in the thesis of the research. This
further solidifies the confidence that one can associate the
contents of the study hence providing a smooth acceptance level
to the readers. In its list of people who can use the article,
nurses are the ones most recommended since they are more
prone to be dealing with wounds and open skin infections that
often times lead to pressure ulcers if not taken care of
appropriately.
Introduction

As it is well known, the right to life is the fundamental or rather
the basic human right. With this in mind, the health of a person
takes center stage as it is the major determinant of whether or
not this right can be achieved. Due to the foregoing, substantial
research has been undertaken over the years in an effort to
improve the health care in terms of service provision to the
persons who visit health care facilities. In this case, services
comprise of the treatment activities themselves and also the
manner in terms of ethics in which these services are given or
rendered to patients. Researches in various medical fields have
been done including skin diseases and this is going to be the
focus of this paper. To be specific, this paper will focus on
reviewing a research article that is based on nursing care given
to patients suffering from the illness of pressure ulcers.
Background
What is pressure ulcers? The article defines pressure ulcers as
injuries to skin and underlying tissue as a result of prolonged
pressure on the skin. The article further goes ahead to give the
causes of this illness. Lack of a healthy lifestyle and stress have
been mentioned as the basic causes of pressure ulcers in many
patients as found by the research according to the article.
However, according to the article, many people are not aware of
this disease not to mention their causes as the pressure ulcers
disease is not considered as one of the lethal diseases in the
health sector. The article also disregards myths about the spread
of pressure ulcers such as communicability of the illness, that
is, the disease is not communicable. With respect to nursing, the
article focuses on how patients flowing into various health
centers should be handled by the nurses. Remember the effects
of this disease are visible as they are on the skin and hence
special handling is required. The article mentions various
precautions nurses should take as they nurse pressure ulcers
patients as other opportunistic diseases spread through contact

with open sores may be spread.
In addition to the nurses’ conduct with regard to pressure ulcers
patients, the article aimed at finding answers to quantitative
questions such as; How is the rate of infection, fast or slow? Is
there an age limit as per who can suffer from pressure ulcers? Is
there a geographical effect contributing to the rate of
infections? As nurses and the health professionals in general,
what are the methods or ways we can prevent the spread of
pressure ulcers? In what way, ethically are we – nurses –
supposed to handle the increasing number of pressure ulcers
patients? The effects of the disease to individuals suffering
from the disease, their families and the nurses taking care of
them. All the foregoing questions were answered variably in
terms of extensiveness by the article – there are some which
were well expounded on while for others only some suggestions
were made for their solutions.
The article’s significance to nursing is in the elaboration of the
effects the interaction with pressure ulcers’ patients has on
nurses and the patient handling methods by nurses. The article
elaborates the former from the perspective of trauma and risk of
infection by opportunistic diseases. The nurses are said to be of
high risk of infection as they treat the sores since they are
bound to get in contact with blood or fluids of the patients.
With cases of patients suffering from pressure ulcers on the
rise, the article estimates a 3% increase monthly of new cases
reported, the article insists that patience in terms of handling
patients should be practiced by nurses and refrain from
discrimination of patients should be exercised.
The research as per the articles uses various methods to
investigate and find answers to the objectives defined in the
previous sections. For count data, the research used statistical
tools to collect data from the patients, health centers and the
general public. Sampling, surveying, issuing of questionnaires

and observation were some of the methods mentioned by the
article. The qualitative aspects such as degree or stages of the
disease that most patients are suffering from were accomplished
through interviews with both patients and medical
professionals, nurses in this case. The article goes on to
expound on the methods of study by citing some of the
challenges experienced especially in getting enough data since
most patients were uncooperative.
The research was successful despite the challenges faced and
the articles describes the results of the research. With respect to
the rate of infection, the article depicts the rate as moderate and
forecasts it to rise in the near future. On average, the study
reports an average of two new cases per week. This is a great
concern for nurses since it is already difficult to handle pressure
ulcers patients and increase in the infection rate will only add
salt to the injury. The study also reports that there is no age
limit or geographical aspect that influences the spread of
pressure ulcers and insists that anyone anywhere is at risk of
infection. At the time of the study, among the infected, 65%
were aged above 35years of age, 20% were between the age of
20-35 years while 15% were below 20 years. For the nurses and
the health sector in general, this is a point of concern as it calls
for more resources in terms of infrastructure and personnel to
be able to treat and take care of pressure ulcers patients. The
article also addresses the issue of discrimination of pressure
ulcers patients by nurses as observed by the study. According to
the study, most nurses, over 60% of the nurses engaged in the
study, prefer handling patients suffering from other diseases to
those suffering from pressure ulcers. Also, nurses were found
not to be keen with pressure ulcers patients as they deem the
disease not of fatal consequences. This is a bad picture with
regard to the nursing practice especially from the fact that it is
in their hands that these patients are supposed to find hope of
recovering from the ailment. The article in conclusion to its
findings states that it is vital that the nursing practice

understand that it is their role or rather their duty to take care of
all patients without the choice of whom is suffering from what.
The study observes several ethical considerations in the way or
manner it was carried out and in the submission of its findings.
In the former, the researches – as indicated by the report –
sought permission from the relevant authorities so as to access
most of their sources of information such as visiting of
hospitals, access to hospital records for previous data on the
pressure ulcers patients and also the conducting of interviews
with both the medical professional and patients. However, there
were some instances where privacy was overstepped as in the
case of unconscious patients whose data in terms of stage of
illness were taken without their consent. The study observes
ethical standards in the manner in which the results were
presented in the article. How? The study does not disclose the
names of the patients, hospitals, clinics or even the healthcare
professionals that participated in the study. The focus of the
study is on the problem, pressure ulcers with respect to nursing
practice.
In conclusion, the research had several utilities it managed to
achieve. The research was able to estimate the rate of pressure
ulcers infection as two new cases per week and predicted it to
rise upto 5-8 cases. The study was also able to find out first
hand from the patients how they felt or viewed the services they
received from nurses as well as doing away with the myths
associated with pressure ulcers. These findings had various
implications to the nursing practice as discussed with the main
implication being that the practice should improve on their
service rendering methods with regard to pressure ulcers
patients and also appropriate resources should be mobilized
early in advance to cater for the expected increase in pressure
ulcers patients.
References

implants, 14(4).
References
260-267.
References
physician, 78(10).
implants, 14(4).
nursing, 21(9‐10), 1293-1303.

260-267.
Running Head: PICOT STATEMENT ON PRESSURE ULCERS
1
PICOT STATEMENT ON PRESSURE ULCERS
2
PICOT Question pressure ulcers
Student’s Name: Vladimir Andino
University Affiliation: GCU
PICOT Question
According to a report by CDC, approximately 3 million people
develop pressure injuries each year. Pressure ulcers reduce the
quality of quality of life. Each year a considerably large number
of people are diagnosed with pressure injuries. Various ways
can be used to prevent the progression of this phenomenon. This
paper evaluates the most effective option that can be applied to
prevent pressure injuries. It is framed on the basis of the PICOT
statement, “In patients
with severe pressure injuries (P), is the surgical removal of
ulcers (I), compared with the administration of antibiotics (C)
more effective in treatment of pressure injuries (O), in the
short-term medical plan (T)?”

implants, 14(4).
This
study explicitly analyzes prevention as well as treatment
actions that should be taken by nurses who carry the burden of
reducing this phenomenon. The study is a qualitative study, in
the sense that it does not involve an analysis of data both
mathematically and graphically.
The authors use published information to support their
arguments hence it is a peer-reviewed secondary study.
After evaluation, the study confirms that nurses should conduct
preventative measures to reduce the effects of pressure injuries.
This can be achieved by involving various types of treatment
and nursing interventions to mention a few.
physician, 78(10).
. This study comprehensively evaluates the predominant factors
associated with wounds. The study relies on pre-existing data.
The
authors conclude that appropriate dressing is important to
prevent critical health issues. It is from this point of view that
the study advises on thorough check-ups and in case there are
no improvement medicals procedures should be taken.
260-267.
The study assesses the efficacy of pressure ulcer prevention in
health cares. This is a primary study because the author
organizes, collect and analyzes data. Also, this is a quantitative

study because
it statistically analyzes data.
The study confirmed that there is a limited use of proper
preventions measures with respect to pressure injuries and
wounds. In other words, the study confirmed that there is a
rather low-quality care.
nursing, 21(9‐10), 1293-1303.
This study describes how health practitioners especially nurses
performance reflect on the overall agenda of preventing ulcer
pressure. The study is descriptive in the sense that it does not
involve mathematical interpretation of data.
The study concluded that nurses who play an important role in
health care paid little attention to ulcer patients. This affected
the overall healthcare objective of preventing pressure ulcers.
Nurses delegated their responsibility to their juniors.
This study examines factors that contribute to EBP pressure
ulcer and would prevention. This is s primary study because
authors conducted a research analyzing real events. Simply, the
study mathematically analysis data.
After evaluation, the study concluded that patient
characteristics in terms of age and risk score are associated with
pressure injuries. Shockingly, stakeholders in the health care
sectors play a minor role in combating this phenomenon.

Evidently, pressure injuries not only burden patients but also
the entire health care fraternity. This study examines various
ways patient participate in preventing or fighting against
pressure injury.
This is a primary study because it relies on first-person
information by conducting interviews. The study confirms that
participants familiarize themselves with this phenomena.
Unfortunately, there are many deterrents in the health care
sector that prohibits openness or giving patients a voice.
References
physician, 78(10).
implants, 14(4).
nursing, 21(9‐10), 1293-1303.

260-267.
Vladimir, you need to revise your PICO and find a nursing
intervention for pressure ulcers. Your syllabus asks for you to
paste the abstracts from the articles. Please call me if you need
assist at 352-817-8923. You have a good topic but need a
question with supporting research such as using a bundle
method to prevent pressure ulcers. Linn
�This is a research question . What is the nursing intervention?
Please revise as this question cannot be used.
�Review of literature and cannot be used for your assignments.
Also this is not the abstract from the article.
�Not the abstract. Not research
�Not an abstract
�Mixed method and cannot be used for your assignments
�Good for week 2

Running Head PICOT STATEMENT ON PRESSURE ULCERS1PICOT STA.docx

Running Head PICOT STATEMENT ON PRESSURE ULCERS1PICOT STA.docx

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to Running Head PICOT STATEMENT ON PRESSURE ULCERS1PICOT STA.docx

Similar to Running Head PICOT STATEMENT ON PRESSURE ULCERS1PICOT STA.docx (20)

More from gemaherd

More from gemaherd (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Running Head PICOT STATEMENT ON PRESSURE ULCERS1PICOT STA.docx