Stamm.Synthetic.Polymers

1. Polymers
Mohammad Hashim
B.Tech,M.tech,PhD

2. Hydrocarbons
ex: Alkanes
 1 – Meth-
 2 – Eth-
 3 – Prop-
 4 – But-
 5 – Pent-
 6 – Hex-
 7 – Hept-
 8 – Oct-
 9 – Non-
 10 – Dec-
 11 – Undec-
 12 – Dodec-

3. Hydrocarbons
at Room Temperature
 Gas
 Methane
 Ethane
 Propane
 Butane
 Plastic
 Liquid  Waxy
20 to 40
Carbons
5 to 19
Carbons
40 or more
Carbons

4. Melting Point
 As the length of hydrocarbons get longer, the
Melting Point grows Higher. Why?
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Tempurature
(˚C)
Number of Carbons
Melting and Boiling Temperatures of Alkanes
Boiling Point (˚C)
Melting Point(˚C)

5. What other material properties
change?
 Viscosity
 Hardness
 Toughness
 Flammability

6. Bonding
 Covalent
 Ionic (NaCl)
 Polar (H2O)
 Van der Waals

7. Rubber Tree
 Sap:
 Sticky
 Viscous
 Gooey
 Goodyear
 Experiment
 Luck
 Profit ($0)

8. Vulcanization

9. Time for an Activity!
 Please find a partner.
 Follow me into the hall.

10. Molecular Structure
of Polymers
 Linear
 High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), PVC, Nylon,
Cotton
 Branched
 Low Density
Polyethylene (LDPE)
 Cross-linked
 Rubber
 Network
 Kevlar, Epoxy

11. Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE)
Chain Length: 1000 - 2000

12. High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
Chain Length: 10,000 – 100,000

13. Ultra-high-molecular-weight
polyethylene (UHMWPE)
Helmet
Gears
Joint
Replacement
Chain Length: 2-6 million

14. Endless Possibilities
 New
Functional
Groups
 Different
Polymer
Backbones

15. Functional Groups

16. PVC – (polyvinyl chloride)
Chain Length: 4,000 – 5,000
More Polar  Stronger Bonding

17. Polyethylene Terephthalate (PETE)
“Polyester”
Chain Length: 4,000 – 8,000
Este
r

18. Nylon

19. Cotton
Long Strands of Cellulose
+ Hydrogen Bonds
Cellulose is the most common organic material on earth!
It is also a primary constituent of wood and paper.

20. Polymers in
Biology
DNA
Sugar
Starch
Proteins

21. Kevlar
Strong Network of Covalent Bonds
And Polar Hydrogen Bonds

22. Time for another Activity!
 How can we test which material is
stronger?

23. Endless Possibilities
 New
Functional
Groups
 Different
Polymer
Backbones

24. Inorganic Polymers
 Silicon (Si)

25. Inorganic Polymers
 Silicon (Si)
 Germanium (Ge)

26. Inorganic Polymers
 Silicon (Si)
 Germanium (Ge)
 Boron-Nitrogen (B – N)

27. Inorganic Polymers
 Silicon (Si)
 Germanium (Ge)
 Boron-Nitrogen (B – N)
 Aluminum – Nitrogen (Al – N)
 …
 …
 On and on

28. Conclusions:
 Polymers make up all sorts of materials that are
all around us!
 They can have a huge range or material
properties based on their:
 Functional Groups
 Structure
 Backbone
 Keep thinking about how chemical interactions
on the nano-scale correspond to material
properties on the macro-scale

29. Links
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_recycling
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkane
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_alkanes
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra-high-molecular-weight_polyethylene
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycondensation
 http://www.chemistryland.com/ElementarySchool/BuildingBlocks/BuildingOrganic.htm
 http://www.ndt-
ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Materials/Structure/polymer.htm
 http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/21c/materials/molecstructproperti
esrev3.shtml
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_der_Waals_force
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulcanization
 http://www.scribd.com/doc/26766586/08-Polymers-Why-is-Rubber-Elastic
 http://www.ndt-
ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Materials/Structure/polymer.htm