2. ISLAM (ORIGINS)
Back to its Roots
â—ŹAbraham + Hagar = Ishmael
â—ŹMecca
●Ka’bah (cube)
The Prophet Muhammad
●Born – Mecca 570 CE
â—ŹAbu Talib (uncle)
â—ŹKhadijah (wife)
â—ŹAngel Gabriel
â—ŹJourney to Heaven (619 CE)
â—ŹMedina
â—ŹMecca Submits 629 CE
●Died – Medina 632 CE
3. ISLAM (HISTORY)
The Caliphs
â—ŹAbu Bakr (1st
Caliph)
â—ŹJihads vs. neighbouring empires
â—ŹAttack Syria and Iraq
●Died – 634 CE
â—ŹUmar (2nd
Caliph)
â—ŹCaptures Damascus and Jerusalem
â—ŹControl Iraq and most of Iran
â—ŹUthman ibn Affan (3rd
Caliph)
â—ŹUmayyad Family
â—ŹSpreads into Egypt and North Africa
â—ŹAssassinated 659 CE
â—ŹAli ibn Talib (4th
Caliph)
â—ŹStabbed 661 CE
â—ŹShi'ites
6. Timeline of Mohammed's Life
570 - Born in the town of Mecca. His name (Abu al-Qasim Muḥammad ibn Abd Allah ibn
Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim ibn Abd Manaf ibn Qusai ibn Kilab) derives from the Arabic
verb hamada, meaning "to praise, to glorify".
575 - Orphaned upon the death of his mother and placed in the protection of his paternal
grandfather, then his uncle.
595 - Marries Kadijah - an older, wealthy widow. They had six children.
610 - Receives first revelation from God during the month of Ramadam.
613 - Took his message public, these would later become the Koran, Islam's sacred
scripture.
622 - Emigrates with his followers from Mecca to Yathrib, soon to become known as
Medina.
624 - The start of three major battles with the Meccans - the Battle of Badr (victory), 625
the Battle of Uhud (defeat), and 627 the Battle of the Trench (victory).
628 - The two sides signed a treaty recognising the Muslims as a new force in Arabia.
Meccan allies breached the treaty a year later.
629 - Orders first raid into Christian lands at Muta (defeat).
630 - Conquers Mecca (along with other tribes).
631 - Consolidated most fo the Arabian Penunsula under Islam.
632 - Returned to Mecca to perform a pilgrimage.
632 - Dies in Medina after a brief illness. He is buried in the mosque of Medina.
The Life of the Prophet Muhammad: Timeline
7. CREED (6 ARTICLES OF FAITH)
â—ŹBelief in Allah as the one and only God
â—ŹBelief in angels
â—ŹBelief in the holy books
â—ŹBelief in the Prophets...
â—Źe.g. Adam, Ibrahim (Abraham), Musa (Moses), David (David),
Isa (Jesus).
â—ŹMuhammad (peace be upon him) is the final prophet and the
SEAL of the prophets.
â—ŹBelief in the Day of Judgment...
â—ŹThe day when the life of every human being will be assessed
to decide whether they go to heaven or hell.
â—ŹBelief in Predestination...
â—ŹThat Allah has the knowledge of all that will happen.
â—ŹMuslims believe that this doesn't stop human beings from
making free choices.
8. CREED (ONE GOD)
â—ŹAll Muslims believe that God is one alone:
â—ŹThere is only one God.
â—ŹGod has no children, no parents, and no partners.
â—ŹGod was not created by a being.
â—ŹThere are no equal, superior, or lesser Gods.
â—ŹThis is the SAME GOD that Christians and Jews
believe in.
9. CREED (ALLAH)
â—ŹAllah is the name Muslims use for the supreme and unique
God, who created and rules everything.
â—ŹThe heart of faith for all Muslims is obedience to Allah's will.
â—ŹAllah is eternal, omniscient, and omnipotent...
â—ŹAllah has always existed and will always exist.
â—ŹAllah knows everything that can be known.
â—ŹAllah can do anything that can be done.
â—ŹAllah has no shape or form...
â—ŹAllah can't be seen.
â—ŹAllah can't be heard.
â—ŹAllah is neither male nor female.
â—ŹAllah is just...
â—ŹAllah rewards and punishes fairly.
â—ŹBut Allah is also merciful.
â—ŹA believer can approach Allah by praying, and by reciting the
Qur'an.
â—ŹMuslims worship only Allah (must submit to his will)...
â—Źbecause only Allah is worthy of worship.
10. CREED (THE DAY OF JUDGMENT)
â—ŹMuslims believe that every person living on earth
has a soul and that upon death of the body that
soul moves to an afterlife.
â—ŹMuslims can not neglect either phase of life.
â—ŹWhen a soul passes into the afterlife, God will
reconfigure his/her physical body so he/she can
stand before him on the day of Judgment.
â—ŹIt is on this day that the soul is sent to Paradise or
hell based on the intentions and motives behind
peoples actions.
11. CREED (THE PROPHETS)
Prophet Islamic POV Jewish POV Christian POV
Noah Noah warned people of their sinful
ways, built an arc, survived the flood
and rebuilt civilization.
Same as Islam Same as Islam
Abraham One of 7 prophets who received the
scriptures from God. Taught people to
abandon idolatry. Source of 2 great
prophetic families.
Patriarch of the Jewish
faith. Taught people to
worship the one God and
abandon idolatry.
Same as Judaism
Moses Sent to proclaim the one God to the
idolaters of Egypt. Used miracles to
demo God’s power over Egypt.
Received God’s law.
Same as Islam. In
addition, he was sent by
God to free the Hebrews
from slavery.
Same as Judaism
Jesus Born miraculously and performed
miracles but he was NOT the son of God
and NEVER died, he ascended into
heaven and will return to help humanity
in the future.
No formal view of Jesus
(may have been a
prophet, was not the
messiah).
Son of God and part of
the Holy Trinity.
Crucified, died, rose,
ascended into heaven
and will return.
Muhammad The “seal of the prophets” – the last of
those who have come to convey divine
wisdom. He completes the teachings
of those who came before.
No formal view of
Muhammad
No formal view of
Muhammad
12. THE UMMAHThe community of all Muslims.
Islam has no supreme leader
to unite Muslims around the
world, it has no priests, yet
Islam knows itself to be a
community. Through the
community salvation is
achieved. Community is kept
alive by common practice for
all believers, wherever they
live ritual binds them,
transcending all differences.
This community transcends the
boundaries of race, ethnicity, language
and other cultural factors. The Ummah is
13. SACRED TEXTS
Qur’an (recitation)
â—ŹHoliest book in Islam, gives guidance on worship,
behaviour and how to view the world.
â—ŹUsually chanted aloud
â—ŹKnown as Wahi (revelation), revealed to Muhammad
through the Angel Gabriel.
â—ŹWas then transmitted orally from Muhammad to his
companions and eventually written down.
â—ŹMuslims believe that the revelations that Muhammad
received over a 23 year period literally form the unaltered
“word” of God.
●As a result criticism of the Qur’an is not permitted by
anyone and anytime.
●The Qur’an is the 1st
source of Islamic law
14. Hadith and Sunnah
â—Ź2nd
source of Islamic law (shari’ah)
â—ŹCollections of Muhammad's words and actions.
â—ŹThree types of Hadith include:
â—ŹSayings directly associated with Muhammad
â—ŹAn action or practice of Muhammad's
●His silent approval of someone else’s actions
â—ŹScholars classify the Hadith literature to
determine its various grades of authority.
â—ŹFurther clarifies Muslim religious practices
mentioned in the Qur’an.
15. SHARIA LAW
â—ŹAll aspects of a Muslim's life are governed by Sharia.
Sharia law comes from a combination of the Qur'an, the
Hadith and the fatwas - the rulings of Islamic scholars.
â—ŹSharia divides actions into five categories: obligatory,
recommended, indifferent, disapproved and forbidden.
â—ŹThis law is all encompassing, setting forth in detail how
to practice Islam and how to live in a Muslim society.
â—ŹTo ignore Sharia is to stop being Muslim
â—ŹIn Canada Muslims observe Sharia law in the non-legal
moral aspects of their behaviour.
17. â—ŹAnd say to the believing women that they should lower their
gaze and guard their modesty; that they should not display
their beauty and ornaments except what (must ordinarily)
appear thereof; that they should draw their veils over their
bosoms and not display their beauty except to their husbands,
[a list of relatives], [household servants], or small children
who have no sense of the shame of sex; and that they should
not strike their feet in order to draw attention to their hidden
ornaments. And O ye Believers! turn ye all together towards
Allah, that ye may attain Bliss.24:31
VEILING IN THE QUR’AN
â—ŹSay to the believing men that they should lower their gaze
and guard their modesty: that will make for greater purity
for them: And Allah is well acquainted with all that they do.
24:30
18. VEILING
●The word Hijab is Arabic for “cover”
â—ŹSome Muslims required that women cover
every part of their body and hide their faces
behind a veil while others define veiling as
covering the hair in public.
â—ŹVeiling was a pre-Islamic practice in Arabia
and is no longer universal among Muslim
women.
19. JIHAD
â—ŹThe literal meaning of Jihad is struggle or effort, and it
means much more than holy war.
â—ŹMuslims use the word Jihad to describe three different
kinds of struggle:
â—ŹA believer's internal struggle to live out the Muslim faith as
well as possible (greater Jihad)
â—ŹThe struggle to build a good Muslim society
â—ŹHoly war: the struggle to defend Islam, with force if
necessary (lesser Jihad)
â—ŹWhen Muslims, or their faith or territory are under
attack, Islam permits the believer to wage military
war to protect them.
â—ŹHowever Islamic (shariah) law sets very strict rules
for the conduct of such a war.
20. JIHAD
â—Ź
Jihad is NOT to:
â—Źforce conversion,
â—Źcolonize other nations
â—Źgain territory for economic
gain
â—Źsettle disputes
â—Źdemonstrate a leaders
power.
â—Ź
Jihad IS for:
â—ŹSelf-defense
â—ŹStrengthening Islam
â—ŹProtecting the freedom of
Muslims to practice their faith
â—ŹProtecting Muslims against
oppression, which could include
overthrowing a tyrannical ruler
â—ŹPunishing an enemy who
breaks an oath
â—ŹPutting right a wrong
21. DIETARY LAWS
â—ŹHalaal (permitted) vs. haraam (forbidden)
food
●Number of bans on food for the sake of man’s
health including:
â—ŹAll carnivores and birds of prey
â—ŹEating blood, carrion, pork and the flesh of the
animal slaughtered without mentioning the name of
Allah.
●“A man becomes what he eats” – for Muslims
consumption of swine-flesh creates lowliness in
character and destroys moral and spiritual facilities
in a man.
22. HARRAM
â—ŹOther items/actions are forbidden if they cause social
maladies and harm more than they benefit. These
include:
â—ŹAlcohol and gambling
â—ŹUsury and illegal gain
â—ŹBlack magic
â—ŹFortunetelling (all forms of idolatry)
â—ŹAdultery, murder, pride, cursing and arrogance
â—ŹSlandering chaste women and backbiting
â—ŹSuicide
â—ŹOppression
â—ŹBetrayal of trust, taking false oaths and abandoning
relatives.
23. BAN ON IMAGES
â—ŹThe use of symbols as an expression of faith is
not present in Islam.
â—ŹMuhammad made it clear that people should
not revere pictures or sculptures of humans or
animals.
●It is God’s work to create living things and it is
wrong from humans to imitate this aspect of God.
â—ŹAs a result, Muslim art tends towards rich
patterns, calligraphy and colourful designs.
24. PREMARITAL RELATIONS
â—ŹNo such thing as girlfriend/boyfriend relationships, you
are either married or you are not.
●“Whenever a man is alone with a woman, Satan is the third among them”
â—ŹWhen young people are getting to know one another
being alone is a temptation towards wrongdoing.
●“Tell the men to lower their gaze and protect their private parts. That is
purer for them. Allah is aware of what they do.”
â—ŹSocial entertainments are generally within the family
and close friends of the family or among men and women
in separate groups.
â—ŹMixed gatherings offer opportunities to give in to human
weakness.
â—ŹRelationships out of wedlock are known as fornication,
punishable by Islamic law in Islamic states.
25. POLYGAMY
â—ŹLimited polygamy (having more than one wife) is
permitted while polyandry (having more than
one husband) is prohibited.
●“Marry women of your choice, two, or three, or four; but
if ye fear not be able to deal justly (with them), then only
one” – Qur’an
â—ŹEmphasis is to MARRY, not kidnap, buy, seduce,
molest, abuse or commit adultery.
â—ŹUpper limit is four and ONLY if they are all
treated fairly (which is almost impossible).
●“You will not be able to do justice between your wives
however much you wish (to do so)” – Qur’an
â—ŹThus polygamy is an exception NOT the rule.
26. CRACK THE CODE
Which element of the Islamic code is being broken in each picture?
27.
28.
29.
30.
31. THE FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM
â—ŹThe five obligations every Muslim must satisfy in
order to live a good and responsible life according
to Islam.
●Pointless to live life without putting one’s faith into
action - carrying out the Five Pillars demonstrates
that the Muslim is putting their faith first.
â—ŹBetween the individual Muslim and Allah - there is
no point in carrying them out insincerely, or, trying
to cheat because God cannot be fooled and the only
person who suffers is the individual concerned.
32. 1ST
PILLAR - SHAHADAH
â—ŹBasic statement of the Islamic faith: anyone who cannot recite
this wholeheartedly is not a Muslim.
â—Ź"There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his messenger."
â—ŹWhen a Muslim recites this they proclaim:
â—ŹThat Allah is the only God, and that Muhammad is his
prophet
â—ŹThat they personally accept this as true
â—ŹThat they will obey all of the commitments of Islam in
their life
â—ŹA Muslim is expected to recite this statement out loud, with
total sincerity, fully understanding what it means.
33. 2ND
PILLAR - SALAT
â—ŹObligatory Muslim prayers (five times a day).
â—ŹConnects each Muslim to all others.
â—ŹA series of movements go with the words of the prayer, as
prayer for a Muslim involves uniting mind, soul, and body in
worship.
â—ŹMuslims make sure that they are in the right frame of mind
before they pray; they put aside all everyday cares and
thoughts so that they can concentrate on God.
â—ŹPrior to prayers, a person must perform a ritual cleansing
(Wudu). Prayer must be said facing Mecca.
â—ŹPray because they believe Allah has told them to do this,
and because they obtain great benefit in doing so.
â—ŹDuring prayer each Muslim is in direct contact with Allah.
There is no need of a priest as an intermediary.
â—ŹMuslims can pray anywhere, but it is especially good to pray
with others in a mosque (as a reminder that all humanity is
one, and all are equal in the sight of Allah).
36. 3RD
PILLAR - ZAKAT
●The compulsory giving of 2.5% of one’s wealth to charity
each year. It is regarded as a type of worship and of self-
purification.
â—ŹThe benefits of Zakat, apart from helping the poor, are as
follows:
â—ŹObeying God
â—ŹHelping a person acknowledge that everything comes from God on loan
and that we do not really own anything ourselves
â—ŹAcknowledging that whether we are rich or poor is God's choice (so
we should help those he has chosen to make poor).
â—ŹLearning self-discipline
â—ŹFreeing oneself from the love of possessions and greed
â—ŹFreeing oneself from the love of money
â—ŹFreeing oneself from love of oneself
â—ŹBehaving honestly
37. 4TH
PILLAR - SAWM
â—ŹAll adult Muslims are required to fast during Ramadan, the
ninth month of the Islamic calendar. The following things must
be abstained from during the hours of daylight:
â—ŹFood or drink of any sort
â—ŹSmoking
â—ŹSexual activity
â—ŹMuslims are also expected to do their best to avoid evil
thoughts and deeds as well.
â—ŹReasons for this fast, include:
â—ŹObeying God
â—ŹLearning self-discipline
â—ŹBecoming spiritually stronger
â—ŹAppreciating God's gifts to us
â—ŹSharing the sufferings of the poor and developing sympathy
â—ŹRealizing the value of charity and generosity
â—ŹGiving thanks for the Holy Qur'an (1st
revealed in the month of
Ramadan)
â—ŹSharing fellowship with other Muslims
38. 4TH
PILLAR - SAWM
Eating in Ramadan
â—ŹDuring Ramadan many Muslims will try to eat a large meal
called suhur just before dawn.
â—ŹWhen daylight is over, most Muslims will break the fast with
dates or water, following the example of the Prophet
Muhammad, before having a proper meal later.
â—ŹThe evening meals during Ramadan are occasions for family
and community get togethers.
Eid ul-Fitr
â—ŹThe month of Ramadan ends with the festival of Eid ul-Fitr.
This is marked by dressing up and visiting the mosque for
prayer, and with visits to family and friends for celebratory
meals and gift giving.
39. 5TH
PILLAR - HAJJ
â—ŹOnce a year, Muslims of every ethnic group, colour, social
status, and culture gather together in Mecca and stand
before the Kaaba praising Allah together.
â—ŹDesigned to promote the bonds of Islamic brother/
sisterhood by showing that everyone is equal in the eyes of
Allah.
â—ŹThe Hajjis or pilgrims wear simple white clothes called
Ihram. During the Hajj the Pilgrims perform acts of worship
and they renew their sense of purpose in the world.
â—ŹMecca is a place that is holy to all Muslims. It is so holy that
all non-Muslims are forbidden to enter.
â—ŹThe Hajj occurs in the month of Dhul Hijjah (the 12th month
of the Islamic lunar calendar).
â—ŹEvery sane adult Muslim must undertake the Hajj at least
once in their lives if they can afford it and are physically
able.
40. F.Y.I:
THE KABBA
●Built on Allah’s orders by the prophet Ibrahim (Abraham)
â—ŹThis shrine, dedicated to Allah, was to be the gathering
place for all who wished to strengthen their faith.
â—ŹEventually fell into disuse and idols were stored within its
walls.
â—ŹAllah told the Prophet Muhammad that he should restore
the Kaaba to the worship of Allah only.
â—ŹIn 628 the Prophet Muhammad set out on a journey with
1400 of his followers to re-establish the religious
traditions of Abraham.
â—ŹInside the sanctuary are some silver and gold lamps, the
most important object is an oval black stone which
Muslims believe was given to Abraham by an angel.
43. THE MOSQUE
â—ŹEvery Friday Muslims offer mandatory congregational
prayers at the Mosque.
â—ŹMost Mosques share the following features:
â—ŹA dome and/or minaret (from which people are called to
prayer)
â—ŹA steady supply of water to perform Wudu
â—ŹAn arch (mihrab) that points to Mecca (focal point so all
prayer can be directed towards the Ka’bah).
â—ŹNo seats, just a large open area which is often carpeted.
â—ŹShoes come off before entering
â—ŹWomen and men pray separately (to avoid distraction)
â—ŹPrayers are led by an Iman who delivers a sermon before
Friday prayers, he speaks from an elevated platform called
a Minbar.
44.
45. THE DOME OF THE
ROCK
Oldest existing Islamic
building built on a Holy
site claimed by Jews,
Christians and Muslims.
46. DIVISIONS IN ISLAM
Sunni Shi’ah (Shi’ite) Sufi
●85% of the world’s
Muslims
â—ŹSelect leaders based
on ability. Over time
became the most
influential group in
Islam.
●No human mediator –
emphasize direct
relationship with Allah.
â—ŹBelieve in building
consensus within the
community in order to
create a just and
equitable society.
â—ŹFollow the traditions of
the Prophet as well as
the four schools of
Sunni law.
●The party of Ali – believe that
prior to the death of
Muhammad, the prophet
choose his son-in-law, Ali, as
his successor. Ali was never
chosen as leader creating a
political division within the
community.
â—ŹBelieve that after the death of
Muhammad a series of
infallible leaders called Imams
were to take charge of Islam
and guide the community.
â—ŹSmall but noticeable group
dominating politics and
religious life in Iran and acting
as a vocal minority in Iraq, East
Africa, Pakistan and India.
â—ŹMystical philosophy of
Islam
â—ŹGoal is to develop
spirituality both
inwardly and
outwardly in order to
discover the reality of
God.
â—ŹEmphasize sincerity
and excellence,
performing prayers and
meditations. To
develop constant and
deep concentration
Sufi’s use music,
chanting or dancing.
â—ŹSufism is practiced by
both Sunnis and shi’
ahs.
47. THE NATION OF ISLAM
â—ŹA religious group founded in Detroit, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad
in July 1930 with the self-proclaimed goal of resurrecting the
spiritual, mental, social and economic
condition of the black men and women of America
â—ŹThe Nation of Islam teaches that W. Fard Muhammad is both
the “Messiah" of Christianity and the Mahdi of Islam.
â—ŹTheir teachings are heretical by traditional Islamic standards which
abhor the deification of any person.
â—ŹOne of Fard's first disciples was Elijah Muhammad, who led
the organization from 1935 through 1975.
â—ŹFrom 1978 to the present, Louis Farrakhan has been the
leader.
â—ŹThe Nation of Islam's National Center and headquarters is
located in Chicago
â—ŹAs of 2005, the Nation of Islam was included in the Southern
Poverty Law Center’s list of active hate groups in the United States
due to the groups racial teachings.