Gemara Notes 1 - 11

1. Introduction to בבא קמא Types of Damages

5. Cast of Characters

7. a. מזיק The person who caused damage to someone else, personally or through his property

8. b. ניזק The person who was damaged, either personally or his property

10. a. שן Damage by an animal through the normal act of eating

11. b. רגל Damage by an animal with its foot in the course of normal walking

12. c. שור תם A “tame” ox, that has not been established as an animal with a habit of goring

13. d. שור מועד A “warned” ox, that has been established as an animal that has the habit of damaging by goring

14. 3. אש A fire, lit by someone, which then spreads and damages another’s property

15. 4. בור A pit in the ground dug or uncovered by someone, which then causes damage to a person or his animal

19.  וְכִי יִגַּח שׁוֹר אֶת אִישׁ אוֹ אֶת אִשָּׁה וָמֵת סָקוֹל יִסָּקֵל הַשּׁוֹר וְלֹא יֵאָכֵל אֶת בְּשָֹרוֹ וּבַעַל הַשּׁוֹר נָקִי : וְאִם שׁוֹר נַגָּח הוּא מִתְּמֹל שִׁלְשֹׁם וְהוּעַד בִּבְעָלָיו וְלֹא יִשְׁמְרֶנּוּ וְהֵמִית אִישׁ אוֹ אִשָּׁה הַשּׁוֹר יִסָּקֵל וְגַם בְּעָלָיו יוּמָת : If an ox gores a man or a woman, who dies, the ox should be stoned and its flesh should not be eaten and the owner of the ox is absolved. But if the ox was known to gore from yesterday and the day before, and its owner had been warned and did not guard it , and it killed a man or a woman, the ox should be stoned and even its owner should be put to death. The owner must be warned by witnesses of each incident in which his ox gored But if the owner did try to guard it, he does not have to pay שמות כא , כח - כט

22.  וְכִי יִפְתַּח אִישׁ בּוֹר אוֹ כִּי יִכְרֶה אִישׁ בֹּר וְלֹא יְכַסֶּנּוּ וְנָפַל שָׁמָּה שּׁוֹר אוֹ חֲמוֹר : בַּעַל הַבּוֹר יְשַׁלֵּם כֶּסֶף יָשִׁיב לִבְעָלָיו וְהַמֵּת יִהְיֶה לּוֹ : If a man uncovers a pit, or a man digs a pit and does not cover it , and an ox or donkey falls into it. The owner of the pit should pay, and return money to its owner, and the carcass should be his. He is responsible even if all he did is dig or uncover it, but didn’t own it Only one man, but not two. The last guy to finish the job is the one responsible But if he covered it, he is פטור The pit must be deep enough to kill the animal An ox… but not a person A donkey… but not utensils

24. שמות כב , ה כִּי תֵצֵא אֵשׁ וּמָצְאָה קֹצִים וְנֶאֱכַל גָּדִישׁ אוֹ הַקָּמָה אוֹ הַשָּׂדֶה שַׁלֵּם יְשַׁלֵּם הַמַּבְעִר אֶת הַבְּעֵרָה : If a fire goes forth and finds thorns and a grain stack is consumed, or the standing crop , or the field , the one who kindles the blaze shall surely pay Even something worth very little Only things that are visible, not hidden objects Even an empty field, scorched earth and stones He lit it irresponsibly – but if he took precautions, he is פטור