A nuclear reactor is a device to initiate and control a sustained nuclear chain reaction. Nuclear reactors are used at nuclear power plants for electricity generation and in propulsion of ships. Heat from nuclear fission is passed to a working fluid (water or gas), which runs through turbines. These either drive a ship's propellers or turn electrical generators. Nuclear generated steam in principle can be used for industrial process heat or for district heating. Some reactors are used to produce isotopes for medical and industrial use, or for production of plutonium for weapons. Some are run only for research. Today there are about 450 nuclear power reactors that are used to generate electricity in about 30 countries around the world.

1. GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,CHANDRAPUR
Seminar On Topic
ADVANCED NUCLEAR REACTOR IN
NUCLEAR POWER STATION

2. INDEX
1. INTRODUCTION
2. FUTURE AND DEVELOPING TECHNOLOGIES
(ADVANCED REACTORS)
A. INTEGRATED FAST REACTOR
B. PEBBLE BED REACTOR
C. SMALL, SEALED, TRANSPORTABLE AUTONOUS
REACTOR
3. GENERATION IV REACTORS
A. GAS COOLED FAST REACTOR
B. LEAD COOLED FAST REACTOR
C. MOLTEN SALT REACTOR
4. CONCLUSION
5. REFERENCES

3. INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS REACTOR ?
1. IT IS A DEVICE TO INITIATE AND CONTROL THE CHAIN
REACTION.
2. IT IS SIMILAR TO THE BOILER IN THE BOILER IN THE
THERMAL POWER PLANT.
3. IN BOILER FUEL IS BURNT AND STEAM IS PRODUCED.
SIMILLARLY IN NUCLEAR REACTOR FUEL IS BURNT TO
PRODUCE STEAM WITH THE HELP OF HEAT EXCHANGER.
4. TODAY 450 REACTORS ARE USED TO GENERATE
ELECTRICITY IN 30 COUNTRIES AROUND THE WORLD.

4. FUTURE AND DEVELOPING TECHNOLOGIES
(ADVANCED REACTOR)
TYPES OF ADVANCED REACTOR
1. INTEGRATED FAST REACTOR (IFR)
2. PEBBLE BED REACTOR
3. SMALL, SEALED, TRANSPORTABLE AUTONOMOUS REACTOR
(SSTAR)
4. CLEAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFE ADVANCED REACTOR
(CAESAR)
5. REDUCED MODERATION WATER REACTOR
6. SUBCRITICAL REACTORS
7. THORIUM BASED REACTORS

5. INTEGRATED FAST REACTOR
1. IT IS BUILT TESTED AND EVALUATED IN 1986
2. THEN IT IS RETIRED DUE TO NUCLEAR NON PROLIFERATION
POLICIES OF THE ADMINISTRATION
3. RECYCLING SPENT FUEL IS THE CORE OF ITS DESIGN.
4. AND IT IS THEREFORE PRODUCES ONLY FRACTION OF THE WASTE
OF CURRENT REACTORS.

6. PEBBLE BED REACTOR

7. PEBBLE BED REACTOR
1. IT IS HIGH TEMPERATURE GAS COOLED REACTOR
2. IT USES CERAMIC FUEL OF ITS SAFE OPERATING
TEMPERATURE
3. MOST DESIGN ARE COOLED BY INERT HELIUM.
4. ITS UNIQUE FEATURE THAT MAY AID SAFETY.
5. HELIUM IS NOT SUBJECTED TO STEAM EXPLOSION, RESIST
NEUTRON ABSORPTION LEADING TO RADIOACTIVITY,
6. IS DOES NOT DISSOLVE CONTAMINANTS THAT CAN BECOME
RADIOACTIVE.

8. SMALL, SEALED, TRANSPORATBLE AUTONOMOUS REACTOR
1. AS ITS NAME INDICATE IT IS A SMALL, SEALED,
TRANSPORTABLE AUTONOMOUS REACTOR.
2. IT IS BEING PRIMARILY RESEARCH AND DEVELOP IN
THE USA.
3. IT IS PASSIVELY SAFE.
4. IT COULD BE REMOTELY SHUT DOWN IN CASE THE
SUSPICIOUS ARISES THAT IT IS BEING TEMPERED
WITH.

9. CLEAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL ADVANCED REACTOR
REDUCED MODERATION WATER REACTOR
SUBCRITICAL REACTOR

10. THORIUM BASED REACTORS
1. IT IS POSSIBLE TO CONVERT THORIUM-232 INTO U-230
2. IT IS MORE PLENTIFUL THAN URANIUM
3. IT CAN BE USED TO BREED U-233 NUCLEAR FUEL.
4. IT IS ALSO BELIEVED TO HAVE FAVOURABLE NUCLEAR
PROPERTIES AS COMPARED TO TRADITIONALLY USED U-235
5. IT INCLUDES BETTER NEUTRON ECONOMY.
IT IS OF TWO TYPES :-
1. ADVANCE HEAVY WATER REACTOR
2. KAMINI REACTOR

11. GENERATION IV REACTORS
TYPES OF GENERATION IV REACTORS :-
1. GAS COOLED FAST REACTOR
2. LEAD COOLED FAST REACTOR
3. MOLTEN SALT REACTOR
1. IT IS A SET OF THEORETICAL NUCLEAR REACTOR
DESIGNED CURRENTLY BEING RESEARCHED.
2. THIS DESIGN ARE GENERALLY NOT EXPECTED TO BE
AVAILABLE FOR COMMERCIAL CONSTRUCTION BEFORE
2030.

12. GAS COOLED FAST REACTOR

13. GAS COOLED FAST REACTOR
1. ITS DESIGN IS CURRENTLY IN DEVELOPMENT.
2. HELIUM COOLED SYSTEM OPERATING WITH OUTLET
TEMPERATURE AT 850 DEG.CELCIUS
3. HIGH THERMAL EFFICIECNCY
4. USED FOR ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION.
5. SEVERAL FUEL FORMS ARE BEING CONSIDERED FOR THEIR
POTENTIAL TO OPERATE AT VERY TEMPERATURE.

14. LEAD COOLED FAST REACTOR

15. LEAD COOLED FAST REACTOR
1. IT USES MOLTEN LEAD OR LEAD BISMUTH AS A COOLANT.
2. COOLANT TEMPERATURE IS 500 TO 600 DEG.CELCIUS.
3. IT HAS HIGH EFFICIENCY
4. NO ELECTRICITY REQUIRED FOR THE COOLING AFTER SHUT
DOWN.
5. IT IS SAFER THAN WATER COOL REACTOR.
6. BUT THE LEAD COOLED FAST REACTOR REQUIRE MORE
STRUCTURAL SUPPORT.
7. IT INCREASES BUILDING SUPPORT.

16. MOLTEN SALT REACTOR

17. 1. IT USE MOLTEN SALT MIXTURE AS A PRIMARY COOLANT.
2. IT RUN AT HIGHER TEMPERATURE THAN WATER COOLED
REACTOR.
3. SALT ARE MORE EFFICIENT.
4. THE INITIAL REFERNCE DESIGN IS 1000MWe.
5. IT IS INHERENTLY SAFE DESIGN OPERATED AT LOW PRESSURE
IMPROVE SAFETY, SYSTEM IS CLEAN.
6. NO NEED FOR FUEL ROD MANUFACTURING.
LEAD COOLED FAST REACTOR

18. CONCLUSION
BY USING ADVANCED NUCLEAR REACTOR THE EFFICIENCY OF
NUCLEAR POWER PLANT CAN BE INCREASED.
THE PRIMARY GOALS BEING TO IMPROVE NUCLEAR
SAFETY,MINIMISE WASTE AND NATURAL RESOURCE UITLISATION
AND TO DECREASE THE COST OF BUILD AND RUN SUCH PLANTS.

19. REFERENCES
1. JAY NEWMAN (2008).PHYSICS OF THE LIFE SCIENCES.
2. “REACTOR PROTECTION AND ENGINEERING SAFETY FEATURE
SYSTEM”.THE NUCLEAR TOURIST. RETRIEVED 25 SEPT. 2008
3. WWW.HOWSTUFFWORKS.COM

20. THANK YOU....!!!