Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) Status & Research Update - Dr. Lisa Becton, Director of Swine Health Information and Research, National Pork Board, from the 2015 Minnesota Pork Congress, January 21-22, Minneapolis, MN, USA. More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2015-minnesota-pork-congress

1. Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV)
Status & Research Update
Lisa Becton, DVM, MS, DACVPM
Dir. Swine Health Info & Research
National Pork Board

2. PEDV status world-wide
• PEDV is currently active and considered endemic in different parts of the
world (China, Japan, South Korea, Thailand, Vietnam – Pacific rim
countries).
– Canada had first positive cases in January 2014
– Different strains identified in the U.K. (1970s) that did not appear as pathogenic as
the Chinese strains
– Other countries with cases: Germany, Spain, France, Mexico, Colombia; Ecuador,
Ukraine, Peru
• PEDV is considered to be a production disease.
• Primary management tools within the U.S. = focus on targeted
biosecurity efforts.
– Killed vaccines are approved for use in the U.S. (two currently approved).

3. AASV Case Reports
www.aasv.org

4. Courtesy of NAHLN
www.aphis.usda.gov/animal-health/secd

5. U.S. Swine Health Monitoring Project
752 breeding sites
(20 systems)
2.1M sows
http://www.cvm.umn.edu/sdec/SwineDiseases/pedv/index.htm

6. As of January 15, 2015

7. Research/Knowledge Update

8. Research for PEDV & PDCoV
2013
•~$1 million for research
•Funded 14 projects
– Basics of disease
– Sow immunity (initial work)
– Foundation for biosecurity
• 2014
• ~$2 million for research
• Funded 35 projects
– Feed focus
– Animal focus
– Biosecurity validation
– Disease monitoring

9. PEDV Research Priorities
Research Priorities – 2013:
•Basic Research of PEDV:
– Who - What - Where - When - Why - How…
– Diagnostic test development
– Basics of disease transmission and survivability
•Sow immunity: (project duration ~ 12 months)
• Duration of immunity
• Optimizing feedback protocols
• Diagnostic tests to assess sow and piglet immunity to PEDV

10. PEDV/PDCoV Research For 2014
Research priorities – 2014:
•Feed Focus:
– Risk assessment for feed as transmission source
– Intervention methods for feed (pelleting/additives)
– Post-processing time on virus
– Novel bioassay models
•Biosecurity Validation
•Animal Focus:
– PEDV immunity development
– PDCoV = pathogenicity & diagnostic test development

11. PEDV/PDCoV Research For 2015
• Hone in on more specifics of development,
duration and optimization of sow immunity
(based on 2013/2014 work)
• Feed interventions (based off of info from 2014)
• Novel vaccine administration technologies

12. Basics of virus survival - What have we learned?
Survivability of the virus
•PEDV can survive in many different
conditions:
– Pits; feed slurry; manure; water – fresh
and recycle; feed ingredients
– Survive in cold conditions
– Survivability in pits can be time
dependent
– PEDV + PCR found at 4 & 6 months
– PEDV bioassay only + for 4 month

13. Key Messages
• PEDV survives for extended time
in various substances =
clean/disinfect for best control
• For pit/manure management:
– Work at farms with longest time
since infection first, and farms most
recently infected last
• Communication x 10 with all
parties involved!!

14. Transportation - What have we learned?
Transportation management is
critical!!!
•Certain procedures for trucks can kill
the virus:
– 160˚F for 10 minutes kills PEDV
– 68˚F for 7 days kills PEDV
– Clean, disinfect and heat (see above)
can kill PEDV and other pathogens!
• Quaternary ammonium/gluteraldehyde
• Accel – hydrogen peroxide mix
• Others… (bleach; phenolics etc.)

15. Key Messages
• Prevent contamination as much as possible.
– Create a “Line of Separation”
– Keep clean and dirty equipment separate
– Avoid contamination of high risk areas
• Focus on removal of organic material for effective
cleaning and disinfection.
• Recently infected farms = higher risk than farms
with longer time after initial infection.
– HIGH virus load in environment around the farm
– Biosecurity and sanitation of equipment is critical

16. Identify the “Line of Separation”

17. Examples of the Line of Separation

18. 18
PED Transportation Guidelines

19. Feed/Feed Systems - What have we learned?
Feed management
– Takes a very small amount of
virus to infect pigs!
– Some potential products can
help to eliminate virus in feed
• Formaldehyde based; medium
chain fatty acids; essential oils
– Assessment of pelleting and heat
treatment may be effective for
point-in-time virus control

20. Immunity - What have we learned?
Immunity to the virus
•We now have many different diagnostic tools to
detect PEDV:
– Can detect the virus (PCR)
– Can detect exposure to the virus (ELISA or IFA)
– Can evaluate the level of immunity to the virus
(FFN, IFA)
•Basics of immunity:
– Gut immunity is needed for protection
– Piglets need to consume milk to be protected
against PEDV
– The response to PEDV can vary by sow and so can
protection passed to piglets

21. Immunity - What have we learned?
Immunity to the virus
•Sows do respond to feedback and develop
antibodies
– Oral exposure is best but exposure also
causes clinical illness
– Vaccines can help, but killed products may
not have enough foreign protein to
stimulate immunity
•Sow immunity:
– Immunity has been seen for at least 6-7
months
– Work being done on cross-protection and
some degree of protection may be
happening
– Will use results of these studies for
continuation of work for 2015*

22. Communication of Research Results
• Provide producers with “real-time” results
• Created a PEDV-specific site for all information
• Research updates available bi-weekly until project completion ; See
www.pork.org/PEDV for biweekly updates

23. This message funded by America’s Pork Checkoff Program.
• Questions?
• lbecton@pork.org
• 515-223-2791