ILP Ireland webinar: Dark Skies or Safer Streets – are we taking a holistic approach?
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The document discusses balancing the key challenges of street lighting including compliance with legislation, minimizing energy usage, respecting dark skies and protected environments, and ensuring safer streets. It argues that while technology is important, it must be considered holistically and used to enable balancing these priorities rather than seen in isolation. An optimal approach considers all factors and finds the right balance between dark skies, energy efficiency, safety, and compliance with standards.
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ILP Ireland webinar: Dark Skies or Safer Streets – are we taking a holistic approach?
- 1. DARK SKIES OR SAFER STREETS – ARE WE TAKING A HOLISTIC APPROACH? CLARE THOMAS 05-04-22
- 2. 05-04-22 2 • So what are the key challenges that are driving our industry at the moment? • Compliance – legislation & standards • Minimise energy usage • Ecological issues – respect dark skies and protected environments • Safer streets • Technology Dark Skies or Safer Streets?
- 3. 05-04-22 3 Compliance – legislation & standards • BS EN 13201 Road Lighting • Part 1: guidelines on selection of lighting classes • Part 2: Performance requirements • Part 3: Calculation of performance • Part 4: Methods of measuring lighting performance • Part 5: Energy performance indicators • BS5489-1:2020 – Design of Road Lighting
- 4. 05-04-22 4 Minimise energy usage • Street lighting accounts for c30% of a council’s electricity consumption • Typically >60% savings available through changing from traditional to LED light sources Manufacturer A LED Street Light Ref? optic xxxxx 41 0093 0001 100 93 90 10 Manufacturer B 700mA LED Driver ref ???? 10 Manufacturer C 0.25W electronic pec ref ???? 8 95 0000 0000 100 0.25 0.92 0.9 0.83 Imax above 95 to be Zero Height Spacing Max Tilt Eave Emin Emin/ Eav Imax70 Imax80 Imax90 Imax above 90 Imax above 95 Spacing Min Tilt Eave Emin Emin/ Eav Imax70 Imax80 Imax90 Imax above 90 Imax above 95 Single Sided 8m 52.5 5 8.32 1.84 0.22 745.7 145.5 2.4 2.4 0.0 35.5 5 12.3 3.6 0.29 745.7 145.5 2.4 2.4 0.0 Staggered 8m 52.5 5 8.32 2.16 0.26 745.7 145.5 2.4 2.4 0.0 35.3 5 12.3 3.81 0.31 745.7 145.5 2.4 2.4 0.0 Single Sided 10m 47.5 5 8.32 1.94 0.23 745.7 145.5 2.4 2.4 0.0 32 5 12.35 5.04 0.41 745.7 145.5 2.4 2.4 0.0 Staggered 10m 47.5 5 8.32 3.12 0.37 745.7 145.5 2.4 2.4 0.0 32 5 12.36 5.6 0.45 745.7 145.5 2.4 2.4 0.0 Manufacturer A LED Street Light Ref? optic xxxxx Manufacturer A LED Street Light Ref? optic xxxxx Manufacturer A LED Street Light Ref? optic xxxxx PECU Model & Reference Failure Fraction (Fy) at 80,000 hours (%) BSCP520 Circuit Watts (100%) Lamp Lumen Maintenance Factor at 100,000 hours Luminaire Model & Reference (only 1 no luminaire) BSCP520 Charge Code PECU BSCP520 Circuit Watts PECU Guarantee (years) PECU BSCP520 Charge Code Insert a whole number, for example 85 and not 85% or 0.85 Driver Model & Reference Driver Guarantee (years) Luminaire Maintenance Factor Lamp Lumen Maintenance Factor at 100,000 hours Maintenance Factor to be used in calculations Luminaire Manufacturer A LED Street Light Ref? optic xxxxx
- 5. 05-04-22 5 Ecological issues & dark skies • Light pollution is a growing issue • Wasted energy • Impact on Dark Skies • Potential impact on both humans and the wider ecosystem • French Law 2018 • Impact on ecology
- 7. 05-04-22 7 Technology in isolation
- 8. We need an holistic approach 05-04-22 8
- 9. We need an holistic approach 05-04-22 9
- 10. Technology as an enabler 05-04-22 10
- 11. Technology as an enabler 05-04-22 11
- 12. Technology as an enabler 05-04-22 12
- 13. It’s all about finding balance 05-04-22 13
- 14. Thank you
Editor's Notes
- It’s clear that the lighting industry needs to take a lead in providing solutions that both respect the environment and protect our dark skies, but how do we balance this with the differing requirements of the people who use those spaces? Whilst we focus on ‘numbers’ and provide schemes that meet the standards and minimise ecological impact does this result in spaces that may not be inclusive by design? And how can we deliver engaging places and spaces that people love to be in? This paper explores how technology can help support a more holistic approach that meets both needs.
- So what are the key challenges that are driving our industry at the moment. Compliance – legislation & standards. Minimal energy usage – climate emergency, key to unlock funding Ecological issues – respect dark skies and protected environments Safer streets Technology We’ll explore each of these in more detail and ask whether a balance can be found between these sometimes conflicting drivers
- So where do we get our guidance from on lighting? BS EN 13201 covers Road Lighting and consists of 5 parts: Part 1: guidelines on selection of lighting classes Part 2: Performance requirements Part 3: Calculation of performance Part 4: Methods of measuring lighting performance Part 5: Energy performance indicators BS5489-1 was updated in 2020 and aligns with these. Intro for BS5489-1 describes itself as offering guidance on the selection of lighting classes and related aspects for visibility of users of outdoor public traffic areas during the hours of darkness to support traffic safety, traffic flow and public security This is a reasonable comprehensive document that does cover some other topics around the road. However, which part of this 89 page document do we usually end up referring to when we’re looking at how we light spaces. We go straight to the Lighting class tables… Traffic. Roads. Classes. Numbers. Lighting level horizontally So how does this translate?
- Street lighting accounts for around 30% of a local authority’s overall electricity consumption. Could be more, could be less depending on whether the assets have been converted to LED yet or not. H Thousands Tonnes of CO2 per year generated by street lighting Climate emergency – drive to Net Zero Switch from traditional light sources to LED can deliver energy savings >60%, additional benefits for reduced maintenance Is it just driven by energy and the Green agenda though or is it more a reflection of recent funding challenges? Salix funding and toolkits supported by the Government look to deliver whole life value, and these are assessed on a payback basis…. So typically for larger or borough wide schemes with public funding, whether direct or through a maintenance contract, it becomes who can work the numbers most effectively Ie lowest energy consumed to deliver the level as close to the required class as possible using the lowest capital cost in the shortest time. It’s purely a numbers game for everyone in the supply / contract chain. What does that mean from a practical perspective? It means that collectively we look at the most efficient way to meet the numbers. Broad brush approach. Understand why.
- So what are the key topics we need to consider when providing lighting, especially for an ecologically sensitive area; Light pollution is a growing issue and it’s an important topic to tackle. Why? Wasted energy Impact on dark skies – lack of view of the stars Nuisance and potential impact on both people and wider ecosystem. French Law implemented 2018 to tackle this was driven by not-lighting professionals – driven by location it focused on the right type / quality of light for the location at the right time and controlled by the right system We’re adopting some of that good practice, and the ILP Guidance Note 01/21 – The Reduction of Obtrusive Light covers the same topics to minimise obtrusive light, sky glow, glare, light spill, nuisance light. All Party Parliamentary Group set up UK to focus on this as dark skies are really important to both people and our environment, and also help promote good lighting. Makes point we don’t fully understand impact lighting (particularly LED) has on fauna & flora. Does recommend reduction in colour appearance <3000k. Impact of lighting (esp LED) on ecology in news: Report from UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology published in August 2020 (and widely reported in the media) compared moth caterpillar numbers across both lit and unlit sites in the Thames valley over the last 3 years. Bats are a European protected species, which means they are fully and legally protected under Law (damage or destroy resting / breeding place, obstruct access to resting / sheltered spaces). ILP Guidance note 08/18: Bats and artificial lighting in the UK covers legal status, and also mitigations for lighting impacts on bats. Not all bats are the same (eg A167 bat foraging route) but in essence the best lighting solution for bats is no lighting. Now, we’ve all had involvement with schemes that have needed mitigations involved to meet requirements – eg missing columns from a scheme to prevent affecting known foraging routes. Using louvres on column mounted fittings to make sure that lighting is only on the task and there’s no spill away from the lit route, or even using low level lighting such as bollards (example using SLL & CIBSE Home Counties & NW webinar in July Bats: why dark skies matter – bollard solution) Of course the best solution is no lighting, but if we are providing lighting, for example on a dedicated pedestrian / cycle route, isn’t it important to think about surround lighting to ensure good visibility / feeling of safety? And this lighting approach really inclusive eg for those with sight impairment (dad)
- So now let’s look at Safer streets. This is obviously a major news topic at the moment because of the tragic events in 2020 in the UK (Sarah Everard and Sabina Nessa), and with Aishling Murphy at the start of 2020. All 3 tragic, A YouGov poll was carried out in UK May this year (What would make the UK safer for Women), and you can see from the top 12 results that better lit streets polled highly for both men and women. Also CCTV, but interesting that there is a clear gender difference. Funding has been made available, and if you look at Safer Streets – Crime prevention toolkit has been designed to support the delivery of the Safer Streets Fund, a £45m pot made available by the UK Home Office for 2020-22. Safer Streets Fund Takes a holistic view of the space and support other interventions eg CCTV, physical security, to intruder alarms, and takes an evidential approach. Looks at environment – landscaping, footpath usage Street lighting is covered, as studies show strong evidence that improved street lighting can decrease crime and recommends increased Illumination levels – including vertical. Secured by Design – updated 2021 Also Secured by Design, recommends Good lighting, defined as a system designed to distribute an appropriate amount of light evenly with uniformity values between 0.25 and 0.40 using lamps with a rating of at least 60 on the colour rendering index. But is it just about higher illumination levels? Do we also need to consider about how different people react within different spaces?
- We are work in a technical industry so we look for technical or engineering solutions…. But do we really consider the people that will be using those spaces? All of these images show compliant schemes, but actually I wouldn’t feel either comfortable or safe in any of them. And the issue is that technology has been used to provide a solution to them in complete isolation. And I think that is honestly one of the key topics we need to address…
- I think we need to have an holistic approach. One of the things I’ve seen is a publication called Get Home Safe – Safe by Design by Women for Women published April 21 Women transport planners Looks at the first and last ‘mile’ from a what that actually means with where you are / how you approach things How I plan my route What do I wear Do I call / text people on my journey How does the environment make me feel I think a major part of the issue is that lighting is treated as a separate entity, when really it’s a fundamental service we’re providing for people within those environments. But lighting has a huge influence on how people use a space.
- Practical example. I was at Wembley Park a few weeks ago for a system demo and I needed to stop over at Wembley. Premier inn was really cheap. So do I stop at a really modern Premier Inn at the back of the stadium? Or do I stop at the slightly tired one right next to Wembley Park tube? Guess which one I chose and why…… Actually afterwards I had a conversation with a colleague at work (who knew both venues well), and at first he was surprised at why I’d made the choice I had.. But when I explained it he understood, and I think that’s actually once point I really wanted to get across. How often do we put ourselves in the spaces that we’re lighting? And do we consider how people not like us would feel / behave in those spaces. Eg parents, kids, wife, husband etc etc And why are we lighting? Not one size fits all, but we need to consider everything in the round.
- All of these images are from different solutions to the same basic issue of trying to balance lighting so it works with the space, and supporting the delivery of other services – eg active mobility. But also how with good design and a collaborative approach you can use technology to help deliver longer term solutions. Eg Blackrock – tunable white,
- Eg Dodder walkway – multiple lighting sources – real time adaptive lighting to off
- EG Parc de la Citadelle in Lille
- I think what it comes down to is that there is no single right or wrong answer, and that the rate of evolution within our industry means a ‘one size fits all’ approach, whether standards, contracts or technology may not be the right way to do things. Certainly the events over the last couple of years has taught us that change is inevitable, and actually the town centres we’re lighting today may be residential areas tomorrow. So maybe we need to think a little differently about how we approach things so we can take a more holistic approach If we need to provide lighting, do we understand the users and tasks? Remember, we’re lighting for people. Do we understand ecological concerns and how be can balance with the needs of the people we’re providing lighting for Do we understand the context of the lighting within the space and the services around – eg mobility, security? Are we using technology as an intrinsic part of the scheme, or because it’s ‘new’? It needs to support the scheme and deliver value. Is the scheme sustainable, because it can adapt to both changing standards and changing uses Fundamentally it’s about great design….
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