[Access U 2010] HTML5 & Accessibility

ACCESS U 2010

HTML5 &
ACCESSIBILITY
❦

Christopher Schmitt | http://twitter.com/@teleject

AGENDA ITEMS

• Going from XHTML to HTML5

• Building with HTML5

• Headings

• Canvas

• Microformats

• Video

HOW AMAZING ARE
OUR WEB SITES?

http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/teleject/432030263/

THINGS ARE GOOD
BETWEEN US, XHTML,
RIGHT?
I MEAN. WE GET ALONG WELL.
AND WE BOTH LIKE STUFF.

“THE ATTEMPT TO GET THE
WORLD TO SWITCH TO XML,
INCLUDING QUOTES AROUND
ATTRIBUTE VALUES AND
SLASHES IN EMPTY TAGS AND
NAMESPACES ALL AT ONCE
DIDN'T WORK.”
SIR TIM BERNERS-LEE

5 %

http://dev.opera.com/articles/view/mama-markup-validation-report/

HTML
noun

JavaScript CSS
verb adjective

“TAKE CARE
OF THE LUXURIES AND
THE NECESSITIES WILL TAKE
CARE OF THEMSELVES.”
FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT

HTML 4.01 Transitional DTD:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224/loose.dtd">

XHTML 1.0 Transitional DTD:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>DOWNTOWN ORLANDO RESTAURANTS</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>....</h1>
<p>...</p>
</body>
</html>

EXERCISE
• Go to HTML validator at
http://validator.w3.org/#validate_by_input

• Then type the following HTML (below) and hit validate:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<title>Small HTML5</title>
<p>Hello world</p>

RELEARNING SYNTAX
• Attribute quotes “not really” required

• UPPERCASE and lowercase HTML elements allowed

• So is CaMeLcAse typing.

• No more need to do self-closing tags like <IMG /> or <BR />

• Also, no more minimalization. So, this is okay: <dl compact>

• Basically, everything that was bad from HTML4 in XHTML5 is good again.

• Full circle, baby!

DIV ID=”header”
DIV ID=”nav”

DIV ID=”section”

DIV ID=”sidecolumn”
DIV ID=”article”

DIV ID=”footer”

ARTICLE VS ASIDE VS
SECTION

• Marc Grabsanki says:

• Article is unique content to that document

• Section is a thematic grouping of content, typically with a heading -
pretty generic

• Aside is content that is tangentially related, like a sidebar
div has no meaning whatsoever, so there is nothing semantic about
divs

ARTICLE VS ASIDE VS
SECTION
• Bruce Lawson says:

• Aside is for something tangentally related to its parent element. Or, if a
sibling to the main content, it can be used to make sidebars of navigation,
recent comments, colophons, author bios etc.

• Article is a discrete piece of content that could be syndicated - a blog
post, a news item, a comment, a widget

• Section can also contain articles. for example, you could have a page with a
<section> full of entertainment articles, and a section of political news etc.

ARTICLE VS ASIDE VS
SECTION

• Molly Holzschlag says:

• <section> clariﬁes <div>

• <article> 'replaces' <div id="content">

• <aside> 'replaces' <div id="sidebar">

• Chris Mills plays it safe:
http://boblet.tumblr.com/post/130610820/html5-structure1

WHAT ABOUT THE DIVS?

• Marc:

• “div has no meaning whatsoever, so there is nothing semantic about
divs”

• Bruce says:

• “Like all semantic questions, it depends on the context. If your only
reason for wanting an element is to group stuff for styling, it's a div.”

<body>
<header>
<h1>Heading </h1>
</header>
<nav>
<h3>Site Navigation</h3>
<ul>...</ul>

</nav>
<section>
<article>
<h3>Weblog Entry</h3>
</article>
</section>

<aside>
<p>You are reading "Chocolate Rain", an entry posted on <time
datetime="2009-03-05">5 March, 2009</time>, to the <a href="#">Misty
collection</a>. See other posts in <a href="#">this collection</a>.</p>
</aside>
<footer>
<p>...</p>
</footer>
</body>

REPLACING ABBR

• <ABBR> element is used by screenreaders to expand abbreviations
like “lbs” or “NCAAP”

• However unintended consequences occurred trying to workaround
browser bugs for other HTML elements

• What happens when a screenreaders text like this:

• “Let’s go to <abbr class="geo"
title="30.300474;-97.747247">Austin, TX</abbr>”

http://www.brucelawson.co.uk/2009/microformats-accessibility-html-5-again/

<div class="vevent">
<a class="url" href="http://www.web2con.com/">http://
www.web2con.com</a>
<span class="summary">Web 2.0 Conference</span>:
<abbr class="dtstart"
title="2007-10-05">October 5</abbr>-
<abbr class="dtend" title="2007-10-20">19</
abbr>,
at the <span class="location">Argent Hotel, San Francisco,
CA</span>
</div>

<div class="vevent">
<a class="url" href="http://www.web2con.com/">http://
www.web2con.com</a>
<span class="summary">Web 2.0 Conference</span>:
<time class="dtstart"
datetime="2007-10-05">October 5</time>-
<time class="dtend"
datetime="2007-10-20">19</time>,
at the <span class="location">Argent Hotel, San Francisco,
CA</span>
</div>

http://www.brucelawson.co.uk/2009/microformats-accessibility-html-5-again/

POSTSCRIPT

• <ABBR> issue has ben resolved with new pattern (dropping <ABBR>
altogether):
http://microformats.org/wiki/value-class-pattern

• <p>Let’s go to <span class="geo">51° 30' 48.45", -0° 8'
53.23" (<span class="value">51.513458;-0.14812</span>)
</span></span> </p>

• Thereby microformats doesn’t rely on any HTML5 elements, and

• HTML5 spec isn’t looking to include microformats.

HTML4 HEADINGS

• h1

• h2

• h3

• h4

• h5

• h6

POP-QUIZ

• How do you code for the main title of your site and the main
article/post/content of the page?

• Two H1s for both main title and content

• H1 for main title, then H2 for content

• H2 for main title, then H1 for content

XHTML2’S HEADINGS

• Had an “h” element, without a numeral

• Using the <section> element to determine its value:

• <section><h></h></section> = <h1>

• <section><section><h></h></section></section> = <h2>

HTML5’S HEADINGS

• Keepold system rather than introduce a new element, move away
from numbered headings

• However, adds the <section> element

• Also the <hgroup> element

• More insistence on keep hierarchy:

• h1 to h6

<HEADER>
• <header> contains information found at top of a page

• title,

• subtitle,

• and navigation

• Also, it can include an <hgroup>

• Canbe placed anywhere in a document except <footer> and
another <header>

<article>
<header>
<h1>The Great Gastby</h1>
<p>A book report by Christopher Schmitt</p>
</header>
<p>stuff goes here</p>
</article>

<HGROUP>
• Can contain more than one heading

• In fact, must contain at least two heading elements

• Example: intended for titles and subtitles

• Keep hierarchy of heading elements

• h1 through h6

• Don’t need to place them in <hgroup> or <header>

<article>
<hgroup>
<h1>The Great Gastby</h1>
<h2>A book report by Christopher Schmitt</h2>
</hgroup>
<p>stuff goes here</p>
</article>

VIDEO EXAMPLE OF HEADINGS w/ SCREENREADER

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AmUPhEVWu_E

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AmUPhEVWu_E

<canvas id="myCanvas" width="300" height="150">
Fallback content, in case the browser does not support Canvas.
</canvas>

// Get the canvas element.
var elem = document.getElementById('myCanvas');
if (!elem || !elem.getContext) {
return;
}

// Get the canvas 2d context.
var context = elem.getContext('2d');
if (!context) {
return;
}

context.ﬁllStyle = '#00f';
context.strokeStyle = '#f00';
context.lineWidth = 4;

// Draw a right triangle.
context.beginPath();
context.moveTo(10, 10);
context.lineTo(100, 10);
context.ﬁll();
context.stroke();
context.closePath();
}, false);

http://ﬂickr.com/photos/dunstan/3099313036/

ACCESSIBLE CANVAS ISSUES

• Setting user interface elements in canvas

• Setting images in canvas

• Setting text in canvas

http://www.paciellogroup.com/blog/?p=362

PROGRESSIVE ENHANCEMENT
& CANVAS
“Progressive enhancement is a strategy for web design that
emphasizes accessibility, semantic HTML markup, and external style
sheet and scripting technologies.”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_enhancement

http://www.ﬁlamentgroup.com/lab/
jquery_visualize_plugin_accessible_charts_graphs_from_tables_html5_canvas/

<table >

<caption>My Push Ups</caption>

<thead>
<tr>

<td></td>

<th>M</th>

<th>Tu</th>

<th>W</th>

<th>Th</th>

<th>F</th>

<th>Sa</th>
</tr>

</thead>

<tbody>
<tr>

<th>Chris</th>

<td>56</td>

<td>30</td>

<td>50</td>

<td>0</td>

<td>45</td>

<td>120</td>

<td>0</td>
</tr>

</tbody>
</table>

$(function(){



});
</script>

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb250524(VS.85).aspx

script><![endif]-->
<script type="text/javascript"
src="visualize.jQuery.js"></script>
$(function(){



});
</script>

script><![endif]-->
$(function(){



});
</script>

table.accessHide {
position: absolute;
left: -999999px;
}
table { height: 100px; width: 250px;}

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Basic HTML5 Web Document Structure</title>

</head>

<body>
<h1>Video Example</h1>
<object width="425" height="344"><param name="movie"
value="http://www.youtube.com/v/4GuKSqAg5xI&hl=en&fs=1"></
param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></
param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></
param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/
4GuKSqAg5xI&hl=en&fs=1" type="application/x-shockwave-ﬂash"
allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425"
height="344"></embed></object>

</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Basic HTML5 Web Document Structure</title>

</head>

<body>
<h1>Video Example</h1>
<video src="html5test.ogg"

width="320" height="240" controls

poster="html5testvideoposter.jpg">

<a href="html5testvideo.ogg">Download movie</a>
</video>

</body>
</html>

HTML5 VIDEO

• WIDTH and HEIGHT should be required, IMO, but movie plays anyway
based on the values in the video ﬁle itself.

• Video formats may have their own posterframe. The browser should
use that by default unless overridden by valid POSTER attribute value.

• Text can be included within VIDEO element to allow user to download
video if their browser doesn’t support.

• If you want to give users control, use CONTROL attribute.

HTML5 VIDEO

• Video can start automatically if using the AUTOPLAY=”1” attribute and
value.

• Spec provides for LOOP, AUTOBUFFER which also take a value of O
or 1.

• Codecs support...

HTML5 VIDEO
“It would be helpful for interoperability if all browsers could
support the same codecs. However, there are no known codecs
that satisfy all the current players: we need a codec that is known
to not require per-unit or per-distributor licensing, that is
compatible with the open source development model, that is of
sufﬁcient quality as to be usable, and that is not an additional
submarine patent risk for large companies. This is an ongoing issue
and this section will be updated once more information is
available.”
- http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/#video-
and-audio-codecs-for-video-elements

CODECS

• Ogg (or “Vorbis”)

• No need to worry about patents

• H.264

• Created by the MPEG group

• If you have blu-ray disc player, you are using it

CODEC SUPPORT

FF3.5+ S Ch IE9

Ogg Y Y

H.264 Y Y Y?

LESSONS LEARNED
• Use VLC or Firefogg to encode common movie ﬁles types to OGG

• H.264 encoding? Use Handbrake

• People really, really, really want this to work, but codec issue still needs
to be worked out.

• If you are hot to trot for HTML5 Video, like, right now, check out Mark
Pilgrim’s tutorial:
http://diveintohtml5.org/video.html

• Good primer:
http://dev.opera.com/articles/view/introduction-html5-video/

For students with LD and struggling or
beginning readers, the use of captions or
subtitles can lead to increases in:
•reading speed,
•word knowledge,
•decoding,
•vocabulary acquisition,
•word recognition,
•reading comprehension, and
•oral reading rates.

[Captioning] has been shown to improve
reading skills among adults who are non-
readers.

http://www.ldonline.org/article/35793

SRT FILES
• SRT files are text files used in video playback; therefore, they do
not contain any video data.

• Text
file containing subtitles used by various video playback
programs; supported by DivX, DVD, and other video formats;

• Includesthe time each subtitle should be displayed followed by
the text of the subtitles.

• Subtitlefiles are often named according to the language of the
subtitles, i.e. "moviename.eng.srt" for English and
"moviename.ger.srt" for German subtitles.

TRANSCRIPT-EN.SRT
1
00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:6,000
Allow me to introduce myself My name is Tay It's T-A-Y, T-A-Y to the Z

2
00:00:06,000 --> 00:00:9,000
This is the web and it's gonna murder your TV It was Chocolate Rain

3
00:00:09,500 --> 00:00:11,500
Wrote a song about that history Chocolate Rain

4
00:00:12,000 --> 00:00:15,000
Now I'm paid a hefty hefty fee Chocolate Rain

<video id="myVid" width="400" src="cherry-chocolate-
rain.ogv" autobuffer controls>
  <track src="transcript-en.srt" type="text/srt" language="en"
role="textaudesc"></track>
  <track src="transcript-gr.srt" type="text/srt" language="gr"
role="textaudesc"></track>
  <p>Alternative text...</p>
</video>

<video id="myVid" width="400" src="cherry-chocolate-rain.ogv"
autobuffer controls>
  <track src="transcript-en.srt" type="text/srt"
language="en" role="textaudesc"></track>
  <track src="transcript-gr.srt" type="text/srt"
language="gr" role="textaudesc"></track>
  <p>Alternative text...</p>
</video>

http://github.com/johnmcc/jCaps

alt="Dear Customers, Today, we are excited to introduce Kindle 2the next
generation of our wireless reading device.Since launching the original Kindle a
little over a year ago, the customer response has far surpassed our highest
hopesand were grateful and appreciative for that. More people are reading
more books, newspapers, and blogs on Kindle sooner than we ever
imagined.We kept everything readers love about the original Kindlethe
convenience of reading what you want, when you want it, the immediacy of
getting books wirelessly delivered in less than 60 seconds, and Kindles ability
to disappear in your hands so you can get lost in the authors words. We chose
the same 3G wireless technology used in advanced cell phones, so you never
need to locate a Wi-Fi hotspot. But unlike cell phones, there are no monthly
wireless bills, no service or data plans, and no yearly contracts. There is no
software to install and no syncing required. Improved battery life means you
can read up to four days on a single charge. Its new, streamlined design makes
Kindle 2 as thin as a typical magazine and lighter than a paperback. We added
more storage, allowing you to carry over 1,500 titles. An advanced display
provides even crisper images and clear text for an improved book-like reading
experience. Our favorite new Text-to-Speech feature means Kindle can read
every book, blog, magazine, and newspaper out loud to you.At Amazon, weve
always been obsessed with selection, and we know that even the best reading
device would be useless without the books you want to read. Today, the Kindle
Store has more than 230,000 books, including 103 of the 112 New York Times
Best Sellers, plus top newspapers, magazines, and blogs. We added over
40,000 new titles in just the last three months. Our vision is to have every book
ever printed, in any language, all in under 60 seconds on Kindle. We hope you
enjoy Kindle 2. Jeff Bezos, Founder, Amazon.com P.S. If youd like to have
Kindle 2 ship to you the day it becomes available, we recommend preordering
today to reserve your place in line. "

http://interact.webstandards.org/

LET BROWSER VENDORS
KNOW WHAT YOU WANT
• Internet Explorer

• http://blogs.msdn.com/ie/contact.aspx

• Opera

• http://my.opera.com/community/forums/forum.dml?id=24

• http://groups.google.com/group/opera.wishlist/topics

• Safari

• http://lists.webkit.org/mailman/listinfo/webkit-dev

• Google Chrome

• http://groups.google.com/group/chromium-dev

TAKE AWAYS

• New HTML5 elements for improved semantics

• Headings

• Canvas’s issues

• Approaching Canvas with progressive enhancement mindset

• HTML5 Video

• Online video with HTML+JS captioning

RECOMMENDED

Design for Web Applications by Matt May and Wendy
• Universal
Chisholm

• Bulletproof Ajax by Jeremy Keith

• Designing with Progressive Enhancement by Filament Group

• Microformats Made Simple by Emily Lewis

THANK YOU!
Christopher Schmitt
schmitt@heatvision.com
http://twitter.com/teleject

[Access U 2010] HTML5 & Accessibility

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