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The Pathology of Graph Databases

The document discusses the challenges and complexities associated with graph databases, particularly focusing on graph traversal and the use of Gremlin, a domain-specific language for querying graph data. It highlights various functionalities of Gremlin in the context of different graph databases and illustrates graph pathology through a case study. The author warns of the pervasive influence of graph patterns, suggesting a cautionary perspective towards over-reliance on these methodologies.

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The Pathology of Graph Databases Marko A. Rodriguez Graph Systems Architect http://markorodriguez.com http://twitter.com/twarko http://tinkerpop.com TinkerPop WindyCityDB - Chicago, Illinois – June 25, 2011
Abstract There is nothing more fascinating and utterly mind- bending than traversing a graph. Those who succumb to this data processing pattern euphorically suffer from graph pathology. This is a case study of the Graph Addict. Gremlin G = (V, E) What is presented is as of Gremlin 1.1 (Released July 15, 2011)
What you are about to see may disturb you. It has infected Neo4j, OrientDB, DEX, RDF Sail, TinkerGraph, and ReXster. reXster ...it will infect others.
? ? ?
~$ cd /tmp/graphdb
graphdb$ gremlin
,,,/ (o o) -----o00o(_)-o00o----- gremlin>
The Basics
Gremlin is a Groovy DSL and as such, has native JVM access. 'Gremlin is a Groovy DSL and as such, has native JVM access.'
3 1+2
gremlin 'gremlin'
emlin 'gremlin'.substring(2)
[1,2,3,4,5] list = [1,2,3,4,5]
key1=value key2=123 map = [key1:'value',key2:123]
<modem sound/> socket = new Socket('127.0.0.1',8182)
true TextAnalysis.isMean('You are that which is not good.')
Graph Traversing
/tmp/graphdb g = new Neo4jGraph('/tmp/graphdb')
/tmp/graphdb g
1 g.v(1)
name=marko 1 g.v(1).name
1 g.v(1)
city=santafe 1 g.v(1).city
1 g.v(1)
name=marko city=santafe 1 g.v(1).map()
1 g.v(1)
created 1 knows knows g.v(1).outE
created 1 knows knows g.v(1).outE
null created since=2010 1 knows since=2005 knows g.v(1).outE.since
created 1 knows knows g.v(1).outE
2 created 1 knows 3 knows 4 g.v(1).outE.inV
2 name=rexster created 1 knows 3 name=stephen knows 4 name=peter g.v(1).outE.inV.name
/tmp/graphdb g
1 g.v(1)
created 1 knows knows g.v(1).outE
created 1 knows knows g.v(1).outE[[label:'knows']]
1 g.v(1)
created 1 knows knows g.v(1).outE
created 1 knows knows g.v(1).outE.filter{it.label=='knows'}
2 g.v(1).outE.filter{it.label=='knows'}.count()
created 1 knows knows g.v(1).outE
created 1 knows knows g.v(1).outE.filter{it.label=='knows' & since > 2006}
[OutEdgesPipe, LabelFilterPipe(NOT_EQUAL,knows), InVertexPipe] g.v(1).outE[[label:'knows']].inV.toString()
1 g.v(1)
1 knows knows g.v(1).outE('knows')
1 knows 3 knows 4 g.v(1).outE('knows').inV
[OutEdgesPipe(knows), InVertexPipe] g.v(1).outE('knows').inV.toString()
1 g.v(1)
1 knows 3 knows 4 g.v(1).out('knows')
1 knows 3 name=stephen knows 4 name=peter g.v(1).out('knows').name
1 knows 3 name=stephen knows 4 name=peter g.v(1).out('knows').name.filter{it.startsWith('st')}
1 knows 3 name=stephen knows 4 name=peter g.v(1).out('knows').name.filter{it.matches('p.{4}')}
1 knows 3 name=stephen knows 4 name=peter g.v(1).out('knows').name.filter{it.matches('p.{4}') & false}
[OutPipe(knows)] g.v(1).out('knows').toString()
1 g.v(1)
o o! o oH W 1 g.v(1).filter{new Random().nextBoolean()}
1 g.v(1)
t! A lrigh 1 g.v(1).filter{new Random().nextBoolean()}
1 g.v(1)
Doh! 1 g.v(1).filter{new Random().nextBoolean()}
1
1
1
1
Graph Inference
1 g.v(1)
2 created 1 g.v(1).out('created')
2 name=rexster created 1 g.v(1).out('created').name
1 g.v(1)
2 created 1 g.v(1).out('created')
2 created created 1 3 g.v(1).out('created').in('created')
2 created created 1 3 g.v(1).out('created').in('created').except([g.v(1)])
2 created created 1 3 name=stephen g.v(1).out('created').in('created').except([g.v(1)]).name
2 created created 1 3 name=stephen g.v(1).out('created').in('created').except([g.v(1)]).name.back(1)
2 created created 1 collaborator 3 name=stephen g.v(1).out('created').in('created').except([g.v(1)]).name.back(1). sideEffect{g.addEdge(g.v(1),it,'collaborator')}
2 created created 1 collaborator 3 name=stephen g.v(1).out('created').in('created').except([g.v(1)]).name.back(1). sideEffect{g.addEdge(g.v(1),it,'collaborator')}.filter{false}
Graph Backtracking and Looping
1 g.v(1)
2 created 1 g.v(1).out('created')
5 imports 2 imports 6 imports created 7 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('imports')
5 name=blueprints imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('imports').name
5 name=blueprints imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('imports').name.back(1)
8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('imports').name.back(1).out('imports')
8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('imports').name.back(1).out('imports')
name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('imports').name.back(1).out('imports').name
name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('imports').name.back(1).out('imports').name .back(1)
name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('imports').name.back(1).out('imports').name .back(1).out('imports')
name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('imports').name.back(1).out('imports').name .back(1).out('imports').out('imports')
name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('imports').name.back(1).out('imports').name .back(1).out('imports').out('imports').out('imports')
name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1
name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('imports').loop(1){it.loops < 5}
name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('imports').loop(1){it.loops < 5}
name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('imports').loop(1){it.loops < 5}
name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('imports').loop(1){it.loops < 5}
name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('imports').loop(1){it.loops < 5}
name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('imports').loop(1){it.loops < 5}
name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 2 g.v(1).out('created').out('imports').loop(1){it.loops < 5}
name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 3 g.v(1).out('created').out('imports').loop(1){it.loops < 5}
name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 4 g.v(1).out('created').out('imports').loop(1){it.loops < 5}
name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('imports').loop(1){it.loops < 5}
m m = [:]
m name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1
m name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').groupCount(m).loop(2){true}
m name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').groupCount(m).loop(2){true}
m name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').groupCount(m).loop(2){true}
v[5]=1 m v[6]=1 v[7]=1 name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').groupCount(m).loop(2){true}
v[5]=1 m v[6]=1 v[7]=1 name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').groupCount(m).loop(2){true}
v[5]=3 v[6]=2 m v[7]=1 v[8]=1 name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').groupCount(m).loop(2){true}
v[5]=3 v[6]=2 m v[7]=1 v[8]=1 name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').groupCount(m).loop(2){true}
v[5]=4 v[6]=2 m v[7]=1 v[8]=3 name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').groupCount(m).loop(2){true}
v[5]=4 v[6]=2 m v[7]=1 v[8]=3 name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').groupCount(m).loop(2){true}
v[5]=4 v[6]=2 m v[7]=1 v[8]=4 name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').groupCount(m).loop(2){true}
v[5]=4 v[6]=2 m v[7]=1 v[8]=4 name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').groupCount(m).loop(2){true}
m m = [:]
m name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1
m name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').name.groupCount(m).back(2).loop(2){true}
m name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').name.groupCount(m).back(2).loop(2){true}
m name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').name.groupCount(m).back(2).loop(2){true}
m name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').name.groupCount(m).back(2).loop(2){true}
blueprints=1 m pipes=1 gremlin=1 name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').name.groupCount(m).back(2).loop(2){true}
blueprints=1 m pipes=1 gremlin=1 name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').name.groupCount(m).back(2).loop(2){true}
blueprints=1 m pipes=1 gremlin=1 name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').name.groupCount(m).back(2).loop(2){true}
blueprints=1 m pipes=1 gremlin=1 name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').name.groupCount(m).back(2).loop(2){true}
blueprints=3 pipes=2 m gremlin=1 neo4j=1 name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').name.groupCount(m).back(2).loop(2){true}
blueprints=3 pipes=2 m gremlin=1 neo4j=1 name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').name.groupCount(m).back(2).loop(2){true}
blueprints=3 pipes=2 m gremlin=1 neo4j=1 name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').name.groupCount(m).back(2).loop(2){true}
blueprints=3 pipes=2 m gremlin=1 neo4j=1 name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').name.groupCount(m).back(2).loop(2){true}
blueprints=4 pipes=2 m gremlin=1 neo4j=3 name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').name.groupCount(m).back(2).loop(2){true}
blueprints=4 pipes=2 m gremlin=1 neo4j=3 name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').name.groupCount(m).back(2).loop(2){true}
blueprints=4 pipes=2 m gremlin=1 neo4j=3 name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').name.groupCount(m).back(2).loop(2){true}
blueprints=4 pipes=2 m gremlin=1 neo4j=3 name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').name.groupCount(m).back(2).loop(2){true}
blueprints=4 pipes=2 m gremlin=1 neo4j=4 name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').name.groupCount(m).back(2).loop(2){true}
blueprints=4 pipes=2 m gremlin=1 neo4j=4 name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').name.groupCount(m).back(2).loop(2){true}
blueprints=4 pipes=2 m gremlin=1 neo4j=4 name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').name.groupCount(m).back(2).loop(2){true}
Graph Paths
1 g.v(1)
1 g.v(1).as('x')
9 10 child child 1 g.v(1).as('x').in('child')
9 10 child child 1 g.v(1).as('x').in('child').loop('x')
child child 9 10 child child 1 g.v(1).as('x').in('child').loop('x'){it.object.in.count() != 0}
child child child child 9 10 child child 1 g.v(1).as('x').in('child').loop('x'){it.object.in.count() != 0}
child child child child child child 9 10 child child 1 g.v(1).as('x').in('child').loop('x'){it.object.in.count() != 0}
100,000,000 100,000,001 child child ... ... child child child child child child 9 10 child child 1 g.v(1).as('x').in('child').loop('x'){it.object.in.count() != 0}
100,000,000 100,000,001 child child ... ... child child child child child child 9 10 child child [v[1], v[9], ..., v[100,000,000]] [v[1], v[10], ..., v[100,000,001]] ... 1 g.v(1).as('x').in('child').loop('x'){it.object.in.count() != 0}.paths
name=angelina name=brad 100,000,000 100,000,001 child child ... ... child child child child child child 9 10 child child 1 g.v(1).as('x').in('child').loop('x'){it.object.in.count() != 0}.name
name=angelina name=brad 100,000,000 100,000,001 child child ... ... child child child child child child 9 10 child child [v[1], v[9], ..., v[100,000,000], angelina] [v[1], v[10], ..., v[100,000,001], brad] ... 1 g.v(1).as('x').in('child').loop('x'){it.object.in.count() != 0}.name.paths
1 g.v(1)
child child 1 g.v(1).inE('child')
thinks="You suck." thinks="You're great." child child 1 g.v(1).inE('child').filter{TextAnalysis.isMean(it.thinks)}
thinks="You suck." child 1 g.v(1).inE('child').filter{TextAnalysis.isMean(it.thinks)}
9 thinks="You suck." child 1 g.v(1).inE('child').filter{TextAnalysis.isMean(it.thinks)}.outV
irl." ag w like thro ou ks="Y thin thinks="No pony!" thi n ks ="Y ou 're fat ." thinks="Get a real job." 9 thinks="You suck." child 1 g.v(1).inE('child').filter{TextAnalysis.isMean(it.thinks)}.outV.loop(3){true}
irl." ag w like thro ou ks="Y thin thinks="No pony!" thi n ks ="Y ou 're fat ." thinks="Get a real job." 9 thinks="You suck." child 1 g.v(1).inE('child').filter{TextAnalysis.isMean(it.thinks)}.outV.loop(3){true}
Graph Pattern Matching
name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1
SELECT ?x ?y WHERE { 1 created ?x . ?x imports ?y } name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1
SELECT ?x ?y WHERE { 1 created ?x . ?x imports ?y } name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1
SELECT ?x ?y WHERE { 1 created ?x . ?x imports ?y } name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1
SELECT ?x ?y WHERE { ?x ?y 1 created ?x . v[2] v[5] v[2] v[6] ?x imports ?y v[2] v[7] } name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1
name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1
t name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 t = new Table()
t name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1)
t name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created')
t name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports x imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').as('x')
t name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports x imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').as('x').out('imports')
t name=neo4j 8 imports y 5 name=blueprints imports y imports x imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports y imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').as('x').out('imports').as('y')
x y v[2] v[5] t v[2] v[6] v[2] v[7] name=neo4j 8 imports y 5 name=blueprints imports y imports x imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports y imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').as('x').out('imports').as('y').table(t)
x y v[2] v[5] t v[2] v[6] v[2] v[7] name=neo4j 8 imports y 5 name=blueprints v[5] imports y imports x imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports y imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 t.get(0,1)
x y v[2] v[5] t v[2] v[6] v[2] v[7] name=neo4j 8 imports y 5 name=blueprints v[2] imports y imports x imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports y imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 t.get(0,'x')
x y v[2] v[5] t v[2] v[6] v[2] v[7] name=neo4j 8 imports y 5 name=blueprints v[5] v[6] imports v[7] y imports x imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports y imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 t.getColumn('y')
x y v[2] v[5] t v[2] v[6] v[2] v[7] name=neo4j 8 imports y 5 name=blueprints [x, y] imports y imports x imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports y imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 t.getColumnNames()
t name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 t = new Table()
t name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1)
t name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created')
t name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports x imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').as('x')
t name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports x imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').as('x').out('imports')
t name=neo4j 8 imports y 5 name=blueprints imports y imports x imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports y imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').as('x').out('imports').as('y')
x y 2 blueprints t 2 pipes 2 gremlin name=neo4j 8 imports y 5 name=blueprints imports y imports x imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports y imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').as('x').out('imports').as('y').table(t){it.id}{it.name}
g.clear()
Graph Construction
1 a = g.addVertex()
name=pierre 1 a.name = 'pierre'
name=pierre city=brussels 1 a.city = 'brussels'
name=stephen city=dc 2 name=pierre city=brussels 1 b = g.addVertex([name:'stephen',city:'dc'])
name=rexster logo= reXster . 3 name=stephen city=dc 2 name=pierre city=brussels 1 c = g.addVertex([name:'rexster',logo:[a12f04b312bc...]])
name=rexster logo= reXster . 3 since=2011 created name=stephen city=dc 2 name=pierre city=brussels 1 g.addEdge(b,c,'created',[since:2011])
name=rexster logo= reXster . 3 since=2011 created name=stephen since=2011 city=dc reviews 2 name=pierre city=brussels 1 g.addEdge(a,c,'reviews',[since:2011])
name=gremlin logo= Gremlin G = (V, E) . 4 name=rexster imports logo= reXster . 3 since=2011 created name=stephen since=2011 city=dc reviews 2 name=pierre city=brussels 1 g.addEdge(c,g.addVertex([name:'gremlin',logo:[ab1346f47...]),'imports')
name=pipes logo= Pipes. 5 name=gremlin logo= Gremlin G = (V, E) . imports 4 name=rexster imports logo= reXster . 3 since=2011 created name=stephen since=2011 city=dc reviews 2 name=pierre city=brussels 1 g.addEdge(c,g.addVertex([name:'pipes',logo:[12cbef46...]]),'imports')
name=blueprints name=pipes logo= Blueprints . logo= Pipes. 6 5 name=gremlin logo= Gremlin imports . G = (V, E) imports 4 name=rexster imports logo= reXster . 3 since=2011 created name=stephen since=2011 city=dc reviews 2 name=pierre city=brussels 1 g.addEdge(c,g.addVertex([name:'blueprints',logo:[f13cd1467...]]),'imports')
6 5 4 3 2 1 g.V
6 g.V.count()
blueprints pipes gremlin rexster stephen pierre g.V.name
6 5 4 3 2 1 g.V
Blueprints Pipes Gremlin G = (V, E) reXster g.V.logo
4 g.V.logo.count()
name=blueprints name=pipes logo= Blueprints . logo= Pipes . name=gremlin logo= Gremlin G = (V, E) . name=rexster logo= reXster . name=stephen city=dc name=pierre city=brussels g.V.transform{it.map()}
6 g.V.transform{it.map()}.count()
7 g.V.transform{it.map()}.count() + 1
8 g.V.transform{it.map()}.count() + 1 + 1
4 (g.V.transform{it.map()}.count() + 1 + 1) / 2
4 is a number. ((g.V.transform{it.map()}.count() + 1 + 1) / 2) + ' is a number.'
14 (((g.V.transform{it.map()}.count() + 1 + 1) / 2) + ' is a number.').length()
imports imports imports created reviews g.E
since=2011 since=2011 g.E.transform{it.map()}
g.clear()
Graph Ranking
7 friend 6 friend friend 8 5 friend friend friend friend friend friend 1 4 friend friend 2 friend 3 g.loadGraphML('loopy-lou-and-the-loops.xml')
m 7 friend 6 friend friend 8 5 friend friend friend friend friend friend 1 4 friend friend 2 friend 3 m = [:]
m 7 friend 6 friend friend c 0 8 5 friend friend friend friend friend friend 1 4 friend friend 2 friend 3 c = 0
m 7 friend 6 friend friend c 0 8 5 friend friend friend friend friend friend 1 4 friend friend 2 friend 3 g.v(1).out.groupCount(m).loop(2){c++ < 35}.filter{false}
m 7 friend 6 friend friend c 0 8 5 friend friend friend friend friend friend 1 4 friend friend 2 friend 3 g.v(1).out.groupCount(m).loop(2){c++ < 35}.filter{false}
v[2]=1 m v[6]=1 7 friend 6 friend friend c 0 8 5 friend friend friend friend friend friend 1 4 friend friend 2 friend 3 g.v(1).out.groupCount(m).loop(2){c++ < 35}.filter{false}
v[2]=1 m v[6]=1 7 friend 6 friend friend c 2 8 5 friend friend friend friend friend friend 1 4 friend friend 2 friend 3 g.v(1).out.groupCount(m).loop(2){c++ < 35}.filter{false}
v[2]=1 v[3]=1 m v[6]=2 v[7]=1 7 friend 6 friend friend c 2 8 5 friend friend friend friend friend friend 1 4 friend friend 2 friend 3 g.v(1).out.groupCount(m).loop(2){c++ < 35}.filter{false}
v[2]=1 v[3]=1 m v[6]=2 v[7]=1 7 friend 6 friend friend c 5 8 5 friend friend friend friend friend friend 1 4 friend friend 2 friend 3 g.v(1).out.groupCount(m).loop(2){c++ < 35}.filter{false}
v[1]=1 v[2]=1 v[3]=1 m v[4]=1 v[6]=2 v[7]=2 v[8]=1 7 friend 6 friend friend c 5 8 5 friend friend friend friend friend friend 1 4 friend friend 2 friend 3 g.v(1).out.groupCount(m).loop(2){c++ < 35}.filter{false}
v[1]=1 v[2]=1 v[3]=1 m v[4]=1 v[6]=2 v[7]=2 v[8]=1 7 friend 6 friend friend c 9 8 5 friend friend friend friend friend friend 1 4 friend friend 2 friend 3 g.v(1).out.groupCount(m).loop(2){c++ < 35}.filter{false}
v[1]=3 v[2]=2 v[3]=1 v[4]=1 m v[5]=1 v[6]=3 v[7]=2 v[8]=2 7 friend 6 friend friend c 9 8 5 friend friend friend friend friend friend 1 4 friend friend 2 friend 3 g.v(1).out.groupCount(m).loop(2){c++ < 35}.filter{false}
v[1]=3 v[2]=2 v[3]=1 v[4]=1 m v[5]=1 v[6]=3 v[7]=2 v[8]=2 7 friend 6 friend friend c 15 8 5 friend friend friend friend friend friend 1 4 friend friend 2 friend 3 g.v(1).out.groupCount(m).loop(2){c++ < 35}.filter{false}
v[1]=4 v[2]=4 v[3]=3 v[4]=1 m v[5]=1 v[6]=7 v[7]=3 v[8]=2 7 friend 6 friend friend c 15 8 5 friend friend friend friend friend friend 1 4 friend friend 2 friend 3 g.v(1).out.groupCount(m).loop(2){c++ < 35}.filter{false}
v[1]=4 v[2]=4 v[3]=3 v[4]=1 m v[5]=1 v[6]=7 v[7]=3 v[8]=2 7 friend 6 friend friend c 25 8 5 friend friend friend friend friend friend 1 4 friend friend 2 friend 3 g.v(1).out.groupCount(m).loop(2){c++ < 35}.filter{false}
v[1]=5 v[2]=5 v[3]=5 v[4]=3 m v[5]=1 v[6]=10 v[7]=7 v[8]=3 7 friend 6 friend friend c 25 8 5 friend friend friend friend friend friend 1 4 friend friend 2 friend 3 g.v(1).out.groupCount(m).loop(2){c++ < 35}.filter{false}
v[1]=5 v[2]=5 v[3]=5 v[4]=3 m v[5]=1 v[6]=10 v[7]=7 v[8]=3 7 friend 6 friend friend c 39 8 5 friend friend friend friend friend friend 1 4 friend friend 2 friend 3 g.v(1).out.groupCount(m).loop(2){c++ < 35}.filter{false}
v[1]=5 v[2]=5 v[3]=5 v[4]=3 m v[5]=1 v[6]=10 v[7]=7 v[8]=3 7 friend 6 friend friend c 39 8 5 friend friend friend friend friend friend 1 4 friend friend 2 friend 3 g.v(1).out.groupCount(m).loop(2){c++ < 35}.filter{false}
v[1]=5 v[2]=5 v[3]=5 v[4]=3 m v[5]=1 v[6]=10 v[7]=7 v[8]=3 7 friend 6 friend friend c 39 8 5 friend friend friend friend friend friend 1 4 friend friend 2 friend 3 println 'do you understand the concept of centrality?'
g.clear()
IDE Development reXster Command Line REPL REST Server
Via any JVM language (JSR 223) Neo4j Server
http://gremlin.tinkerpop.com
The Pathology of Graph Databases
The Pathology of Graph Databases
The Pathology of Graph Databases
The Pathology of Graph Databases

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The Pathology of Graph Databases

  • 1.
    The Pathology ofGraph Databases Marko A. Rodriguez Graph Systems Architect http://markorodriguez.com http://twitter.com/twarko http://tinkerpop.com TinkerPop WindyCityDB - Chicago, Illinois – June 25, 2011
  • 2.
    Abstract There is nothingmore fascinating and utterly mind- bending than traversing a graph. Those who succumb to this data processing pattern euphorically suffer from graph pathology. This is a case study of the Graph Addict. Gremlin G = (V, E) What is presented is as of Gremlin 1.1 (Released July 15, 2011)
  • 3.
    What you areabout to see may disturb you. It has infected Neo4j, OrientDB, DEX, RDF Sail, TinkerGraph, and ReXster. reXster ...it will infect others.
  • 8.
    ? ? ?
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
    ,,,/ (o o) -----o00o(_)-o00o----- gremlin>
  • 14.
  • 15.
    Gremlin is aGroovy DSL and as such, has native JVM access. 'Gremlin is a Groovy DSL and as such, has native JVM access.'
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
    key1=value key2=123 map = [key1:'value',key2:123]
  • 21.
    <modem sound/> socket =new Socket('127.0.0.1',8182)
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
    /tmp/graphdb g = newNeo4jGraph('/tmp/graphdb')
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.
    name=marko 1 g.v(1).name
  • 28.
  • 29.
    city=santafe 1 g.v(1).city
  • 30.
  • 31.
    name=marko city=santafe 1 g.v(1).map()
  • 32.
  • 33.
    created 1 knows knows g.v(1).outE
  • 34.
    created 1 knows knows g.v(1).outE
  • 35.
    null created since=2010 1 knows since=2005 knows g.v(1).outE.since
  • 36.
    created 1 knows knows g.v(1).outE
  • 37.
    2 created 1 knows 3 knows 4 g.v(1).outE.inV
  • 38.
    2 name=rexster created 1 knows 3 name=stephen knows 4 name=peter g.v(1).outE.inV.name
  • 39.
  • 40.
  • 41.
    created 1 knows knows g.v(1).outE
  • 42.
    created 1 knows knows g.v(1).outE[[label:'knows']]
  • 43.
  • 44.
    created 1 knows knows g.v(1).outE
  • 45.
    created 1 knows knows g.v(1).outE.filter{it.label=='knows'}
  • 46.
  • 47.
    created 1 knows knows g.v(1).outE
  • 48.
    created 1 knows knows g.v(1).outE.filter{it.label=='knows' & since > 2006}
  • 49.
  • 50.
  • 51.
    1 knows knows g.v(1).outE('knows')
  • 52.
    1 knows 3 knows 4 g.v(1).outE('knows').inV
  • 53.
  • 54.
  • 55.
    1 knows 3 knows 4 g.v(1).out('knows')
  • 56.
    1 knows 3 name=stephen knows 4 name=peter g.v(1).out('knows').name
  • 57.
    1 knows 3 name=stephen knows 4 name=peter g.v(1).out('knows').name.filter{it.startsWith('st')}
  • 58.
    1 knows 3 name=stephen knows 4 name=peter g.v(1).out('knows').name.filter{it.matches('p.{4}')}
  • 59.
    1 knows 3 name=stephen knows 4 name=peter g.v(1).out('knows').name.filter{it.matches('p.{4}') & false}
  • 60.
  • 61.
  • 62.
    o o! o oH W 1 g.v(1).filter{new Random().nextBoolean()}
  • 63.
  • 64.
    t! A lrigh 1 g.v(1).filter{new Random().nextBoolean()}
  • 65.
  • 66.
    Doh! 1 g.v(1).filter{new Random().nextBoolean()}
  • 67.
  • 68.
  • 69.
  • 70.
  • 71.
  • 72.
  • 73.
    2 created 1 g.v(1).out('created')
  • 74.
    2 name=rexster created 1 g.v(1).out('created').name
  • 75.
  • 76.
    2 created 1 g.v(1).out('created')
  • 77.
    2 created created 1 3 g.v(1).out('created').in('created')
  • 78.
    2 created created 1 3 g.v(1).out('created').in('created').except([g.v(1)])
  • 79.
    2 created created 1 3 name=stephen g.v(1).out('created').in('created').except([g.v(1)]).name
  • 80.
    2 created created 1 3 name=stephen g.v(1).out('created').in('created').except([g.v(1)]).name.back(1)
  • 81.
    2 created created 1 collaborator 3 name=stephen g.v(1).out('created').in('created').except([g.v(1)]).name.back(1). sideEffect{g.addEdge(g.v(1),it,'collaborator')}
  • 82.
    2 created created 1 collaborator 3 name=stephen g.v(1).out('created').in('created').except([g.v(1)]).name.back(1). sideEffect{g.addEdge(g.v(1),it,'collaborator')}.filter{false}
  • 83.
  • 84.
  • 85.
    2 created 1 g.v(1).out('created')
  • 86.
    5 imports 2 imports 6 imports created 7 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('imports')
  • 87.
    5 name=blueprints imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('imports').name
  • 88.
    5 name=blueprints imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('imports').name.back(1)
  • 89.
    8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('imports').name.back(1).out('imports')
  • 90.
    8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('imports').name.back(1).out('imports')
  • 91.
    name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('imports').name.back(1).out('imports').name
  • 92.
    name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('imports').name.back(1).out('imports').name .back(1)
  • 93.
    name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('imports').name.back(1).out('imports').name .back(1).out('imports')
  • 94.
    name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('imports').name.back(1).out('imports').name .back(1).out('imports').out('imports')
  • 95.
    name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('imports').name.back(1).out('imports').name .back(1).out('imports').out('imports').out('imports')
  • 96.
    name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1
  • 97.
    name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('imports').loop(1){it.loops < 5}
  • 98.
    name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('imports').loop(1){it.loops < 5}
  • 99.
    name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('imports').loop(1){it.loops < 5}
  • 100.
    name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('imports').loop(1){it.loops < 5}
  • 101.
    name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('imports').loop(1){it.loops < 5}
  • 102.
    name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('imports').loop(1){it.loops < 5}
  • 103.
    name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 2 g.v(1).out('created').out('imports').loop(1){it.loops < 5}
  • 104.
    name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 3 g.v(1).out('created').out('imports').loop(1){it.loops < 5}
  • 105.
    name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 4 g.v(1).out('created').out('imports').loop(1){it.loops < 5}
  • 106.
    name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('imports').loop(1){it.loops < 5}
  • 107.
  • 108.
    m name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1
  • 109.
    m name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').groupCount(m).loop(2){true}
  • 110.
    m name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').groupCount(m).loop(2){true}
  • 111.
    m name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').groupCount(m).loop(2){true}
  • 112.
    v[5]=1 m v[6]=1 v[7]=1 name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').groupCount(m).loop(2){true}
  • 113.
    v[5]=1 m v[6]=1 v[7]=1 name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').groupCount(m).loop(2){true}
  • 114.
    v[5]=3 v[6]=2 m v[7]=1 v[8]=1 name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').groupCount(m).loop(2){true}
  • 115.
    v[5]=3 v[6]=2 m v[7]=1 v[8]=1 name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').groupCount(m).loop(2){true}
  • 116.
    v[5]=4 v[6]=2 m v[7]=1 v[8]=3 name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').groupCount(m).loop(2){true}
  • 117.
    v[5]=4 v[6]=2 m v[7]=1 v[8]=3 name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').groupCount(m).loop(2){true}
  • 118.
    v[5]=4 v[6]=2 m v[7]=1 v[8]=4 name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').groupCount(m).loop(2){true}
  • 119.
    v[5]=4 v[6]=2 m v[7]=1 v[8]=4 name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').groupCount(m).loop(2){true}
  • 120.
  • 121.
    m name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1
  • 122.
    m name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').name.groupCount(m).back(2).loop(2){true}
  • 123.
    m name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').name.groupCount(m).back(2).loop(2){true}
  • 124.
    m name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').name.groupCount(m).back(2).loop(2){true}
  • 125.
    m name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').name.groupCount(m).back(2).loop(2){true}
  • 126.
    blueprints=1 m pipes=1 gremlin=1 name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').name.groupCount(m).back(2).loop(2){true}
  • 127.
    blueprints=1 m pipes=1 gremlin=1 name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').name.groupCount(m).back(2).loop(2){true}
  • 128.
    blueprints=1 m pipes=1 gremlin=1 name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').name.groupCount(m).back(2).loop(2){true}
  • 129.
    blueprints=1 m pipes=1 gremlin=1 name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').name.groupCount(m).back(2).loop(2){true}
  • 130.
    blueprints=3 pipes=2 m gremlin=1 neo4j=1 name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').name.groupCount(m).back(2).loop(2){true}
  • 131.
    blueprints=3 pipes=2 m gremlin=1 neo4j=1 name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').name.groupCount(m).back(2).loop(2){true}
  • 132.
    blueprints=3 pipes=2 m gremlin=1 neo4j=1 name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').name.groupCount(m).back(2).loop(2){true}
  • 133.
    blueprints=3 pipes=2 m gremlin=1 neo4j=1 name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').name.groupCount(m).back(2).loop(2){true}
  • 134.
    blueprints=4 pipes=2 m gremlin=1 neo4j=3 name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').name.groupCount(m).back(2).loop(2){true}
  • 135.
    blueprints=4 pipes=2 m gremlin=1 neo4j=3 name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').name.groupCount(m).back(2).loop(2){true}
  • 136.
    blueprints=4 pipes=2 m gremlin=1 neo4j=3 name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').name.groupCount(m).back(2).loop(2){true}
  • 137.
    blueprints=4 pipes=2 m gremlin=1 neo4j=3 name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').name.groupCount(m).back(2).loop(2){true}
  • 138.
    blueprints=4 pipes=2 m gremlin=1 neo4j=4 name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').name.groupCount(m).back(2).loop(2){true}
  • 139.
    blueprints=4 pipes=2 m gremlin=1 neo4j=4 name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').name.groupCount(m).back(2).loop(2){true}
  • 140.
    blueprints=4 pipes=2 m gremlin=1 neo4j=4 name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').out('import').name.groupCount(m).back(2).loop(2){true}
  • 141.
  • 142.
  • 143.
  • 144.
    9 10 child child 1 g.v(1).as('x').in('child')
  • 145.
    9 10 child child 1 g.v(1).as('x').in('child').loop('x')
  • 146.
    child child 9 10 child child 1 g.v(1).as('x').in('child').loop('x'){it.object.in.count() != 0}
  • 147.
    child child child child 9 10 child child 1 g.v(1).as('x').in('child').loop('x'){it.object.in.count() != 0}
  • 148.
    child child child child child child 9 10 child child 1 g.v(1).as('x').in('child').loop('x'){it.object.in.count() != 0}
  • 149.
    100,000,000 100,000,001 child child ... ... child child child child child child 9 10 child child 1 g.v(1).as('x').in('child').loop('x'){it.object.in.count() != 0}
  • 150.
    100,000,000 100,000,001 child child ... ... child child child child child child 9 10 child child [v[1], v[9], ..., v[100,000,000]] [v[1], v[10], ..., v[100,000,001]] ... 1 g.v(1).as('x').in('child').loop('x'){it.object.in.count() != 0}.paths
  • 151.
    name=angelina name=brad 100,000,000 100,000,001 child child ... ... child child child child child child 9 10 child child 1 g.v(1).as('x').in('child').loop('x'){it.object.in.count() != 0}.name
  • 152.
    name=angelina name=brad 100,000,000 100,000,001 child child ... ... child child child child child child 9 10 child child [v[1], v[9], ..., v[100,000,000], angelina] [v[1], v[10], ..., v[100,000,001], brad] ... 1 g.v(1).as('x').in('child').loop('x'){it.object.in.count() != 0}.name.paths
  • 153.
  • 154.
    child child 1 g.v(1).inE('child')
  • 155.
    thinks="You suck." thinks="You're great." child child 1 g.v(1).inE('child').filter{TextAnalysis.isMean(it.thinks)}
  • 156.
    thinks="You suck." child 1 g.v(1).inE('child').filter{TextAnalysis.isMean(it.thinks)}
  • 157.
    9 thinks="You suck." child 1 g.v(1).inE('child').filter{TextAnalysis.isMean(it.thinks)}.outV
  • 158.
    irl." ag w like thro ou ks="Y thin thinks="No pony!" thi n ks ="Y ou 're fat ." thinks="Get a real job." 9 thinks="You suck." child 1 g.v(1).inE('child').filter{TextAnalysis.isMean(it.thinks)}.outV.loop(3){true}
  • 159.
    irl." ag w like thro ou ks="Y thin thinks="No pony!" thi n ks ="Y ou 're fat ." thinks="Get a real job." 9 thinks="You suck." child 1 g.v(1).inE('child').filter{TextAnalysis.isMean(it.thinks)}.outV.loop(3){true}
  • 160.
  • 161.
    name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1
  • 162.
    SELECT ?x ?yWHERE { 1 created ?x . ?x imports ?y } name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1
  • 163.
    SELECT ?x ?yWHERE { 1 created ?x . ?x imports ?y } name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1
  • 164.
    SELECT ?x ?yWHERE { 1 created ?x . ?x imports ?y } name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1
  • 165.
    SELECT ?x ?yWHERE { ?x ?y 1 created ?x . v[2] v[5] v[2] v[6] ?x imports ?y v[2] v[7] } name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1
  • 166.
    name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1
  • 167.
    t name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 t = new Table()
  • 168.
    t name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1)
  • 169.
    t name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created')
  • 170.
    t name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports x imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').as('x')
  • 171.
    t name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports x imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').as('x').out('imports')
  • 172.
    t name=neo4j 8 imports y 5 name=blueprints imports y imports x imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports y imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').as('x').out('imports').as('y')
  • 173.
    x y v[2] v[5] t v[2] v[6] v[2] v[7] name=neo4j 8 imports y 5 name=blueprints imports y imports x imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports y imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').as('x').out('imports').as('y').table(t)
  • 174.
    x y v[2] v[5] t v[2] v[6] v[2] v[7] name=neo4j 8 imports y 5 name=blueprints v[5] imports y imports x imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports y imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 t.get(0,1)
  • 175.
    x y v[2] v[5] t v[2] v[6] v[2] v[7] name=neo4j 8 imports y 5 name=blueprints v[2] imports y imports x imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports y imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 t.get(0,'x')
  • 176.
    x y v[2] v[5] t v[2] v[6] v[2] v[7] name=neo4j 8 imports y 5 name=blueprints v[5] v[6] imports v[7] y imports x imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports y imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 t.getColumn('y')
  • 177.
    x y v[2] v[5] t v[2] v[6] v[2] v[7] name=neo4j 8 imports y 5 name=blueprints [x, y] imports y imports x imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports y imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 t.getColumnNames()
  • 178.
    t name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 t = new Table()
  • 179.
    t name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1)
  • 180.
    t name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created')
  • 181.
    t name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports x imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').as('x')
  • 182.
    t name=neo4j 8 imports 5 name=blueprints imports imports x imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').as('x').out('imports')
  • 183.
    t name=neo4j 8 imports y 5 name=blueprints imports y imports x imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports y imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').as('x').out('imports').as('y')
  • 184.
    x y 2 blueprints t 2 pipes 2 gremlin name=neo4j 8 imports y 5 name=blueprints imports y imports x imports 2 imports 6 name=pipes imports y imports created 7 name=gremlin 1 g.v(1).out('created').as('x').out('imports').as('y').table(t){it.id}{it.name}
  • 185.
  • 186.
  • 187.
  • 188.
    name=pierre 1 a.name = 'pierre'
  • 189.
    name=pierre city=brussels 1 a.city = 'brussels'
  • 190.
    name=stephen city=dc 2 name=pierre city=brussels 1 b = g.addVertex([name:'stephen',city:'dc'])
  • 191.
    name=rexster logo= reXster . 3 name=stephen city=dc 2 name=pierre city=brussels 1 c = g.addVertex([name:'rexster',logo:[a12f04b312bc...]])
  • 192.
    name=rexster logo= reXster . 3 since=2011 created name=stephen city=dc 2 name=pierre city=brussels 1 g.addEdge(b,c,'created',[since:2011])
  • 193.
    name=rexster logo= reXster . 3 since=2011 created name=stephen since=2011 city=dc reviews 2 name=pierre city=brussels 1 g.addEdge(a,c,'reviews',[since:2011])
  • 194.
    name=gremlin logo= Gremlin G = (V, E) . 4 name=rexster imports logo= reXster . 3 since=2011 created name=stephen since=2011 city=dc reviews 2 name=pierre city=brussels 1 g.addEdge(c,g.addVertex([name:'gremlin',logo:[ab1346f47...]),'imports')
  • 195.
    name=pipes logo= Pipes. 5 name=gremlin logo= Gremlin G = (V, E) . imports 4 name=rexster imports logo= reXster . 3 since=2011 created name=stephen since=2011 city=dc reviews 2 name=pierre city=brussels 1 g.addEdge(c,g.addVertex([name:'pipes',logo:[12cbef46...]]),'imports')
  • 196.
    name=blueprints name=pipes logo= Blueprints . logo= Pipes. 6 5 name=gremlin logo= Gremlin imports . G = (V, E) imports 4 name=rexster imports logo= reXster . 3 since=2011 created name=stephen since=2011 city=dc reviews 2 name=pierre city=brussels 1 g.addEdge(c,g.addVertex([name:'blueprints',logo:[f13cd1467...]]),'imports')
  • 197.
    6 5 4 3 2 1 g.V
  • 198.
  • 199.
    blueprints pipes gremlin rexster stephen pierre g.V.name
  • 200.
    6 5 4 3 2 1 g.V
  • 201.
    Blueprints Pipes Gremlin G = (V, E) reXster g.V.logo
  • 202.
  • 203.
    name=blueprints name=pipes logo= Blueprints . logo= Pipes . name=gremlin logo= Gremlin G = (V, E) . name=rexster logo= reXster . name=stephen city=dc name=pierre city=brussels g.V.transform{it.map()}
  • 204.
  • 205.
  • 206.
  • 207.
  • 208.
    4 is anumber. ((g.V.transform{it.map()}.count() + 1 + 1) / 2) + ' is a number.'
  • 209.
    14 (((g.V.transform{it.map()}.count() + 1+ 1) / 2) + ' is a number.').length()
  • 210.
    imports imports imports created reviews g.E
  • 211.
    since=2011 since=2011 g.E.transform{it.map()}
  • 212.
  • 213.
  • 214.
    7 friend 6 friend friend 8 5 friend friend friend friend friend friend 1 4 friend friend 2 friend 3 g.loadGraphML('loopy-lou-and-the-loops.xml')
  • 215.
    m 7 friend 6 friend friend 8 5 friend friend friend friend friend friend 1 4 friend friend 2 friend 3 m = [:]
  • 216.
    m 7 friend 6 friend friend c 0 8 5 friend friend friend friend friend friend 1 4 friend friend 2 friend 3 c = 0
  • 217.
    m 7 friend 6 friend friend c 0 8 5 friend friend friend friend friend friend 1 4 friend friend 2 friend 3 g.v(1).out.groupCount(m).loop(2){c++ < 35}.filter{false}
  • 218.
    m 7 friend 6 friend friend c 0 8 5 friend friend friend friend friend friend 1 4 friend friend 2 friend 3 g.v(1).out.groupCount(m).loop(2){c++ < 35}.filter{false}
  • 219.
    v[2]=1 m v[6]=1 7 friend 6 friend friend c 0 8 5 friend friend friend friend friend friend 1 4 friend friend 2 friend 3 g.v(1).out.groupCount(m).loop(2){c++ < 35}.filter{false}
  • 220.
    v[2]=1 m v[6]=1 7 friend 6 friend friend c 2 8 5 friend friend friend friend friend friend 1 4 friend friend 2 friend 3 g.v(1).out.groupCount(m).loop(2){c++ < 35}.filter{false}
  • 221.
    v[2]=1 v[3]=1 m v[6]=2 v[7]=1 7 friend 6 friend friend c 2 8 5 friend friend friend friend friend friend 1 4 friend friend 2 friend 3 g.v(1).out.groupCount(m).loop(2){c++ < 35}.filter{false}
  • 222.
    v[2]=1 v[3]=1 m v[6]=2 v[7]=1 7 friend 6 friend friend c 5 8 5 friend friend friend friend friend friend 1 4 friend friend 2 friend 3 g.v(1).out.groupCount(m).loop(2){c++ < 35}.filter{false}
  • 223.
    v[1]=1 v[2]=1 v[3]=1 m v[4]=1 v[6]=2 v[7]=2 v[8]=1 7 friend 6 friend friend c 5 8 5 friend friend friend friend friend friend 1 4 friend friend 2 friend 3 g.v(1).out.groupCount(m).loop(2){c++ < 35}.filter{false}
  • 224.
    v[1]=1 v[2]=1 v[3]=1 m v[4]=1 v[6]=2 v[7]=2 v[8]=1 7 friend 6 friend friend c 9 8 5 friend friend friend friend friend friend 1 4 friend friend 2 friend 3 g.v(1).out.groupCount(m).loop(2){c++ < 35}.filter{false}
  • 225.
    v[1]=3 v[2]=2 v[3]=1 v[4]=1 m v[5]=1 v[6]=3 v[7]=2 v[8]=2 7 friend 6 friend friend c 9 8 5 friend friend friend friend friend friend 1 4 friend friend 2 friend 3 g.v(1).out.groupCount(m).loop(2){c++ < 35}.filter{false}
  • 226.
    v[1]=3 v[2]=2 v[3]=1 v[4]=1 m v[5]=1 v[6]=3 v[7]=2 v[8]=2 7 friend 6 friend friend c 15 8 5 friend friend friend friend friend friend 1 4 friend friend 2 friend 3 g.v(1).out.groupCount(m).loop(2){c++ < 35}.filter{false}
  • 227.
    v[1]=4 v[2]=4 v[3]=3 v[4]=1 m v[5]=1 v[6]=7 v[7]=3 v[8]=2 7 friend 6 friend friend c 15 8 5 friend friend friend friend friend friend 1 4 friend friend 2 friend 3 g.v(1).out.groupCount(m).loop(2){c++ < 35}.filter{false}
  • 228.
    v[1]=4 v[2]=4 v[3]=3 v[4]=1 m v[5]=1 v[6]=7 v[7]=3 v[8]=2 7 friend 6 friend friend c 25 8 5 friend friend friend friend friend friend 1 4 friend friend 2 friend 3 g.v(1).out.groupCount(m).loop(2){c++ < 35}.filter{false}
  • 229.
    v[1]=5 v[2]=5 v[3]=5 v[4]=3 m v[5]=1 v[6]=10 v[7]=7 v[8]=3 7 friend 6 friend friend c 25 8 5 friend friend friend friend friend friend 1 4 friend friend 2 friend 3 g.v(1).out.groupCount(m).loop(2){c++ < 35}.filter{false}
  • 230.
    v[1]=5 v[2]=5 v[3]=5 v[4]=3 m v[5]=1 v[6]=10 v[7]=7 v[8]=3 7 friend 6 friend friend c 39 8 5 friend friend friend friend friend friend 1 4 friend friend 2 friend 3 g.v(1).out.groupCount(m).loop(2){c++ < 35}.filter{false}
  • 231.
    v[1]=5 v[2]=5 v[3]=5 v[4]=3 m v[5]=1 v[6]=10 v[7]=7 v[8]=3 7 friend 6 friend friend c 39 8 5 friend friend friend friend friend friend 1 4 friend friend 2 friend 3 g.v(1).out.groupCount(m).loop(2){c++ < 35}.filter{false}
  • 232.
    v[1]=5 v[2]=5 v[3]=5 v[4]=3 m v[5]=1 v[6]=10 v[7]=7 v[8]=3 7 friend 6 friend friend c 39 8 5 friend friend friend friend friend friend 1 4 friend friend 2 friend 3 println 'do you understand the concept of centrality?'
  • 233.
  • 234.
    IDE Development reXster Command Line REPL REST Server
  • 235.
    Via any JVMlanguage (JSR 223) Neo4j Server
  • 236.