How to build customizable multitenant web applications - PHPBNL11

How to build customizable
multitenant web applications
Stephan Hochdörfer, bitExpert AG

"Building an application so customizable it's the last
application you'll ever need to build"
Harrie Verveer

About me
 Stephan Hochdörfer, bitExpert AG

 Department Manager Research Labs

 enjoying PHP since 1999

 S.Hochdoerfer@bitExpert.de

 @shochdoerfer

Single Tenancy – more customers

Single Tenancy – even more customers

Single Tenancy

Tenant 1

Application

Database

Hardware

Single Tenancy

Tenant 1 Tenant 2 Tenant 3

Application Application Application

Database Database Database

Hardware Hardware Hardware

Multi Tenancy


Application

Database

Hardware

What should be customizable?


Application

Database

Hardware

Frontend | Branding

How to skin an application?

Application | Frontend


Remember:
It`s a web application!



HTML



HTML + CSS


How to customize?
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>My App</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/styles/myapp.css" />
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>


How to customize?
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/styles/<?php echo
$tenant ?>.css" />
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>


How to customize?
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/styles/myapp.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/styles/<?php echo $tenant ?
>.css" />
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>


Feature driven CSS

Wait, there`s more...


Feature driven CSS

display: none


Next level...

Application | Backend

Menubar generation
<?php

if($user->hasEnabled(Module::ORDERMANAGEMENT))
{
if($user->canAccess(OrderManagement::LIST_ORDERS))
{
$this->renderLink(OrderManagement::LIST_ORDERS);
}

if($user->canAccess(OrderManagement::ADD_ORDER))
{
$this->renderLink(OrderManagement::ADD_ORDER);
}

if($user->canAccess(OrderManagement::CANCEL_ORDER))
{
$this->renderLink(OrderManagement::CANCEL_ORDER);
}
}


Menubar generation
<?php

if($tenant->hasModule(Module::ORDERMANAGEMENT)
{
if($user->hasEnabled(Module::ORDERMANAGEMENT))
{
if($user->canAccess(OrderManagement::LIST_ORDERS))
{
$this->renderLink(OrderManagement::LIST_ORDERS);
}

if($user->canAccess(OrderManagement::ADD_ORDER))
{
$this->renderLink(OrderManagement::ADD_ORDER);
}
}
}


Menubar generation

Modularize!


Menubar generation

Module 1 Module 2 Module 3

register at start up

Application core


Menubar generation

Configuration for tenant 1



Application core


Menubar generation

Configuration for tenant 2



Application core


Optimize workflows
<?php

if('CC' == $paymentType)
{
// handle credit card payment
}
else if('COD' == $paymentType)
{
// handle cash on delivery payment
}


Optimize workflows
<?php

if('CC' == $paymentType)
{
// handle credit card payment for some tenants!
if(in_array($tenant->getName(), array('tenant1', 'tenant2'))
{
// insert logic here...
}
}
else if('COD' == $paymentType)
{
// handle cash on delivery payment for some tenants!
if(in_array($tenant->getName(), array('tenant3'))
{
// insert logic here...
}
}


Optimize workflows

Decouple functionality!


Optimize workflows
<?php

$paymentType = 'CC'; // set via request
$payment = PaymentFactory::create($paymentType);

$payment->execute($order);


Optimize workflows
<?php

$payment = PaymentFactory::create($paymentType, $tenant);



Optimize workflows

How to add custom logic?


Custom logic - Subclassing?

Abstract
Payment

CC
Payment

CCPayment CCPayment
Tenant 1 Tenant 2


Custom logic

Any alternatives?


Custom logic

Let`s add hooks...


Custom logic - Hooks
<?php


if($this->paymentPreProcessor instanceof IPaymentPreProcessor) {
$this->paymentPreProcessor->run($payment, $tenant, $order);
}


if($this->paymentPostProcessor instanceof IPaymentPostProcessor) {
$this->paymentPostProcessor->run($payment, $tenant, $order);
}


Custom logic

How to set the dependencies?


Custom logic

Inject the dependencies!


Custom logic – Dependency Injection
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.bitexpert.de/schema"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.bitexpert.de/schema/
http://www.bitexpert.de/schema/bitFramework-beans.xsd">

<bean id="MyApp.Service.Order" class="MyAppServiceOrder.php">
</bean>

<bean id="Tenant1.Service.Order" class="MyAppServiceOrder.php">
<property name="paymentPreProcessor"
ref="Tentant1.Payment.PaymentValidation" />
</bean>

<bean id="Tenant2.Service.Order" class="MyAppServiceOrder.php">
<property name="paymentPreProcessor"
ref="Tentant2.Payment.StrictValidation" />
<property name="paymentPostProcessor"
ref="Tentant2.Payment.PushOrderToSAP" />
</bean>
</beans>


Custom logic

Any improvements?


Custom logic
<?php


if($this->paymentPreProcessor instanceof IPaymentPreProcessor) {
}


if($this->paymentPostProcessor instanceof IPaymentPostProcessor) {
$this->paymentPostProcessor->run($payment, $tenant, $order);
}


Custom logic

Aspect-oriented programming


Custom logic – Aspects for the masses!
/**
* @aspect
*/
class CustomPaymentProcessingAspect {
/**
* @around MyAppServiceOrder->processPayment
*/
public function customFilter(AOPJoinPointInterface $joinPoint) {
// @TODO: implement pre-processing logic
// ...

$result = $joinPoint->getAdviceChain()->proceed($joinPoint);

// @TODO: implement post-processing logic
// ...

return $result;
}
}


Custom logic - Result
<?php




Next level...

Database

Database – Where to store the data?

Database


We need to store data for a tenant!

Database


Database per Tenant?

Database



Schema per Tenant?

Database



Schema per Tenant?

Tenant Id per Row?

Database

Database – How to access the data?

vs.

ORM dynamic statements

What`s beyond?

Generalize you should!

What`s beyond?

Multi Tenancy

Software system family

What`s beyond?

No single solution!

What`s beyond?

A factory for mass production!

What`s beyond?

Multi Tenancy – Single Instance


Application

Database

Hardware

What`s beyond?

Multi Tenancy – Multi Instance


Application

Database

Hardware

What`s beyond?

Generative Programming

Configuration
Configuration

1 ... n
Implementation
Implementation Generator Product
components Generator Product
components

Generator
Generator
application
application

What`s beyond?

Generative Programming

Configuration
Configuration

Tenant 1
Tenant 1

Implementation
Implementation Generator
components Generator
components

Tenant x
Tenant x
Generator
Generator
application
application

What`s beyond?

Generative Programming - Goal

Create an optimized application!

What`s beyond?

Generative Programming - Goal

Create an optimized application
for one tenant!

What`s beyond?

Generative Programming – Bonus points

Reduce application complexity

What`s beyond?

FileFrm FILEOrderService_php5 {
private String PreProcessor = "";
private String PostProcessor = "";

public FILEOrderService_php5() {
setFilename("Order.php5");
setRelativePath("/classes/MyApp/Service");
}

private void assign() {
BEGINCONTENT()
<?php


<!{PreProcessor}!>
<!{PostProcessor}!>
ENDCONTENT()
}
}

What`s beyond?

FileFrm FILEOrderService_php5 {
[...]

private void configure() {
if(this.getConfiguration().hasFeature('PreProcessor')) {
PreProcessor = this.getPreProcessorContent(
this.getConfiguration.getTenant()
);
}

if(this.getConfiguration().hasFeature('PostProcessor')) {
PostProcessor = this.getPostProcessorContent(
this.getConfiguration.getTenant()
);
}
}
}


Example:
Preprocessor:
Postprocessor:

Output:


Example:
Preprocessor:
Postprocessor:

Output:
<?php




Example:
Preprocessor: $this->paymentPreProcessor->run($payment, $tenant, $order);
Postprocessor:

Output:


Example:
Preprocessor: $this->paymentPreProcessor->run($payment, $tenant, $order);
Postprocessor:

Output:
<?php




What`s beyond?


Reduce maintenance support

What`s beyond?


Implementation
Feature
component

What`s beyond?


Feature

Implementation
component

What`s beyond?


Customer

Feature

Implementation
component

What`s beyond?

Generative Programming – The book

Flickr Credits
http://www.flickr.com/photos/andresrueda/3452940751/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/andresrueda/3455410635/

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