How to build customizable multitenant web applications - IPC11 Spring Edition

How to build customizable
multitenant web applications

Multitenant web applications

About me

 Stephan Hochdörfer, bitExpert AG
 Department Manager Research Labs
 enjoying PHP since 1999
 S.Hochdoerfer@bitExpert.de
 @shochdoerfer


Single Tenancy


Developer vs. Businessman


Single Tenancy – more customers


Single Tenancy – even more customers


Where will this lead to?


Maintenance nightmare!


Single Tenancy

Tenant 1

Application

Database

Hardware


Single Tenancy

Tenant 1 Tenant 2 Tenant 3

Application Application Application

Database Database Database

Hardware Hardware Hardware


Multi Tenancy


Application

Database

Hardware


What should be customizable?


What should be customizable?


Application

Database

Hardware


How to skin an application?



Remember:
It`s a web application!



HTML



HTML + CSS


How to customize?
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0
Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-
strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>My App</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;
charset=utf-8" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
href="css/styles/myapp.css" />
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>


How to customize?
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<head>
charset=utf-8" />
href="css/styles/<?php echo $tenant ?>.css" />
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>


How to customize?
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0
Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-
strict.dtd">
<head>
charset=utf-8" />
href="css/styles/myapp.css" />
href="css/styles/<?php echo $tenant ?>.css" />
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>


Feature driven CSS

Wait, there`s more...


Feature driven CSS

display: none


This is not an security advice!


Next level...


Menubar generation
<?php

if($user->hasEnabled(Module::ORDERMANAGEMENT))
{
if($user->canAccess(OrderManagement::LIST_ORDERS))
{
$this->renderLink(OrderManagement::LIST_ORDERS);
}

if($user->canAccess(OrderManagement::ADD_ORDER))
{
$this->renderLink(OrderManagement::ADD_ORDER);
}
}


Menubar generation
<?php

if($tenant->hasModule(Module::ORDERMANAGEMENT)
{
if($user->hasEnabled(Module::ORDERMANAGEMENT))
{
if($user->canAccess(OrderManagement::LIST_ORDERS))
{
$this->renderLink(OrderManagement::LIST_ORDERS);
}

if($user->canAccess(OrderManagement::ADD_ORDER))
{
$this->renderLink(OrderManagement::ADD_ORDER);
}
}
}


Menubar generation

Modularize!


Menubar generation

Module 1 Module 2 Module 3

register at start up

Application core


Optimize workflows


Optimize workflows
<?php

if('CC' == $paymentType)
{
// handle credit card payment
}
else if('COD' == $paymentType)
{
// handle cash on delivery payment
}


Optimize workflows
<?php

if('CC' == $paymentType)
{
// handle credit card payment for some tenants!
if(in_array($tenant->getName(), array('tenant1', 'tenant2'))
{
// insert logic here...
}
}
else if('COD' == $paymentType)
{
// handle cash on delivery payment for some tenants!
}


Optimize workflows

Decouple functionality!


Optimize workflows
<?php

$paymentType = 'CC'; // set via request
$payment = PaymentFactory::create($paymentType);

$payment->execute($order);


Optimize workflows
<?php

$payment = PaymentFactory::create($paymentType, $tenant);



Optimize workflows

How to add custom logic?


Custom logic - Subclassing?

Abstract
Payment

CC
Payment

CCPayment CCPayment
Tenant 1 Tenant 2


Custom logic

Any alternatives?


Custom logic

Let`s add hooks...


Custom logic - Hooks
<?php



if($this->paymentPostProcessor instanceof
IPaymentPostProcessor) {
$this->paymentPostProcessor->run($payment, $tenant, $order);
}


Custom logic

How to set the dependencies?


Custom logic

Dependency Injection!


Custom logic – Dependency Injection
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.bitexpert.de/schema"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.bitexpert.de/schema/
http://www.bitexpert.de/schema/bitFramework-
beans.xsd">

<bean id="Service.Order" class="MyAppServiceOrder.php">
</bean>

<bean id="Tenant1.Order" class="MyAppServiceOrder.php">
<property name="paymentPostProcessor"
ref="Tentant1.Payment.SendOrderMail" />
</bean>
</beans>


Custom logic – Dependency Injection
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.bitexpert.de/schema"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.bitexpert.de/schema/
http://www.bitexpert.de/schema/bitFramework-
beans.xsd">

<bean id="Tenant2.Order" class="MyAppServiceOrder.php">
<property name="paymentPostProcessor"
ref="Tentant1.Payment.PushToERP" />
</bean>
</beans>


Custom logic

Any further improvements?


Custom logic
<?php



if($this->paymentPostProcessor instanceof
IPaymentPostProcessor) {
$this->paymentPostProcessor->run($payment, $tenant, $order);
}


Custom logic

Aspect-oriented programming


Custom logic – Aspects for the masses!
/**
* @aspect
*/
class CustomPaymentProcessingAspect {
/**
* @around MyAppServiceOrder->processPayment
*/
public function customFilter(JoinPointInterface $jP) {
$result = $jP->getAdviceChain()->proceed($jP);

// @TODO: implement post-processing logic

return $result;
}
}


Custom logic - Result
<?php




Database – Where to store the data?



We need to store data
for a tenant!



Database per Tenant?




Schema per Tenant?




Schema per Tenant?

Tenant Id per Row?


Database – How to access the data?

vs.

ORM dynamic
statements


Generalize you should!


No single solution!


Softwaresystemfamily


A factory for mass production!


Multi Tenancy – Single Instance


Application

Database

Hardware


Multi Tenancy – Multi Instance


Application

Database

Hardware


Multi Tenancy – Multi Instance

Generative Programming



Generator
Generator



Configuration
Configuration
(DSL)
(DSL)

Generator
Generator



Configuration
Configuration
(DSL)
(DSL)

Implementation-
Implementation-
components
Generator
Generator
components



Configuration
Configuration
(DSL)
(DSL)

1..n
Implementation-
Implementation-
components
Generator
Generator Product
components Product



Configuration
Configuration
(DSL)
(DSL)

Implementation-
Implementation-
components
Generator
Generator Tenant 11
components Tenant



Configuration
Configuration
(DSL)
(DSL)
Tenant 22
Tenant

Implementation-
Implementation-
components
Generator
Generator Tenant 11
components Tenant


Tenant 33
Tenant

Configuration
Configuration
(DSL)
(DSL)
Tenant 22
Tenant

Implementation-
Implementation-
components
Generator
Generator Tenant 11
components Tenant


Generative Programming - Goal

Create an optimized application!


Generative Programming - Goal

Create an optimized
application for one tenant!


Generative Programming – Bonus points



Reduce application complexity


<?php



<!{PostProcessor}!>


public class PostProcessorFrame extends SimpleFrameController
{

public void execute(Frame frame, FeatureConfig config) {
if(config.hasFeature("order_send_mail")) {
frame.setSlot("PostProcessor", "...");
}

if(config.hasFeature("order_push_to_erp")) {
frame.setSlot("PostProcessor", "...");
}
}
}



Reduce maintenance support



Implementation
Feature
component



Feature Tenant



Tenant

Feature

Implementation
component


Generative Programming – The book

Flickr Credits
http://www.flickr.com/photos/andresrueda/3452940751/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/andresrueda/3455410635/

How to build customizable multitenant web applications - IPC11 Spring Edition

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