Stem cell transplantation replaces unhealthy cells with healthy ones. It has a history dating back to the mid-19th century when it was discovered that marrow was the source of blood cells. Modern stem cell transplantation uses stem cells from three sources: peripheral blood, marrow, or umbilical cord. The types of transplantation are syngeneic using identical twins, autologous using one's own stem cells, and allogeneic using donor stem cells which can cause graft-versus-host disease. Stem cell transplantation treats conditions like blood disorders and cancers.

2. STEM CELL
TRANSPLANTATIO
N

3. STEM CELL
• BASIC HUMAN CELLS
That can continuously produce unaltered daughters.
Also has the ability to produce daughter cells that have
different, more restricted properties
Procedure that replaces unhealthy cells with healthy ones
is called as
STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION

4. STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION
stem for all
Degenerative disorders
NOW

5. HISTORY
• Mid 19th
century
– Marrow was the source of blood cells.
– It is just a chemical factor - transferred by eating the
marrow.
• 20th
century - Formulate the idea that a
– small number of cells in the marrow might be responsible
for the development of all blood cells.
– They began to refer to them as “stem cells”.
• End of world war-II
– Scientific exploration of marrow transplantation began

6. STEM CELL SOURCES
Transplants can come from three sources:
• PERIPHERAL BLOOD
• MARROW
• UMBILICAL CORD

7. MARROW
Advantages
Cells can be frozen for years
Retain stem cells.
Good number of stem cells.
Disadvantages
Donor has to undergo several health examination
Surgical procedure
Donor’s body replaces the donated bone marrow in four to
six weeks that makes immunologically weak.

8. PERIPHERAL BLOOD
Advantages
• Released from the marrow into the blood.
• Easy to collect
• It don’t need any surgical process.
• No recovery period.
Disadvantages
• Small number

9. UMBILICAL CORD
Advantages
Cord Blood Transplants May Result In Less GVHD.
• Collection & storage is easy &possible
Disadvantages
• Less availability
• Tissue rejection

10. TYPES OF TRANSPLANTATION
• Syngeneic transplantation
• Autologous stem cell infusion (autotransplant)
• Allogeneic transplantation

11. SYNGENEIC TRANSPLANTATION
• Donor and recipient are identical twins, with identical
genetic make up & same tissue type
• No treatments are needed to prevent GVHD

12. AUTOLOGOUS STEM CELL
INFUSION (AUTOTRANSPLANT)
• Technique that obtains stem cells from an individual’s blood or
marrow & then infuses them back into the same individual.
• Principal concerns are that-
– Number of stem cells harvested is adequate to obtain full
engraftment when returned to the patient.
– Insufficient contaminating tumor cells in the autograph to
reestablish the tumor in the patient.

13. AUTOTRANSPLANT

14. ALLOGENEIC TRANSPLANTATION
• Technique of transplant with donor cells.
• Two types donors-
– Related Allogenic donors(sibling donors)
– Unrelated Allogenic donors this is also called
transplantation from a matched unrelated
donor(MUD)

15. ALLOGENEIC TRANSPLANTATION

16. GRAFT VERSUS HOST DISEASE
• Acceptability between donor & patient stem cell is
expressed as GVHD.
It may be
– Acute
– Chronic
This can be identified with……..

17. SIGNS ARE USUALLY
–Rash
–Blistering
– Jaundice
–Loss of apetite
– Nausea
– Vomiting
– Diarrhea
–Abnormal cramps

18. TREATMENT FOR GVHD
• Chemotherapy
• Immuno suppressants

19. ADVERSE EFFECTS
• Gastrointestinal tract : Ulcers & dysfunction of
GIT occur frequently.
• Skin: Rashes may develop.
• Hair follicles: Hair loss occurs temporary
• Lungs: Pneumonia
• Blood vessels: Inflammation-damaged blood vessels
• Liver : Jaundice

20. APPLICATIONS
Treat inherited blood disorders-
– Sickle cell disease
– Thalassemia
– Abnormal monocytes
Cancer
– Bone marrow
– Blood

21. SOCIAL & EMOTIONAL EFFECTS
PRACTICAL CHALLENGES-
• FINANCES
• DEPRESSION