hi

1. Diabetes Mellitus
Lora Stowitzky

2. Statistics
 Affects 23.6 million people in the
U.S.
- Diagnosed: 17.9 million people
- Undiagnosed: 5.7 million people
 7th leading cause of death in the
U.S
(2006)

3. What is Diabetes?
 A chronic disease in which the body
can not properly use or make
insulin.
 Insulin- a hormone made in the
pancrease that turns sugar
(glucose) into energy for the body to
use

4. What happens without insulin?
Lack of insulin
⇓
Build up of glucose in the
blood (hyperglycemia)
⇓
Symptoms of Diabetes
Mellitus

5. Symptoms
 Frequent urination
 Excessive thirst
 Extreme hunger
- Cells are starved for energy
 Unexplained weight loss
- Insulin can not trigger the storage of fat
 Fatigue
 Delayed wound healing

6. Type I Diabetes Mellitus
 Juvenile diabetes
 Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
 Autoimmune disorder
 The body destroys the cells that
make the insulin
 Thus, the body can no longer
produce insulin

7. Type I Diabetes Mellitus
 Usually diagnosed in children &
young adults ( <30 years old)
 5-10% of diabetics

8. Type I Diabetes Mellitus
 RISK factors:
- Genetics
- Autoimmune history
 Type I is not preventable

9. Type I Treatment
 Glucose monitoring often
 Insulin injections
 Exercise
 Diet
 Follow up with doctor
 Educate yourself!

10. Type II Diabetes Mellitus
 Non-insulin dependent diabetes
mellitus
 Body makes insulin but most cells
do not use insulin properly
 Insulin resistance
 Slowly, the pancreas stops making
insulin.

11. Type II Diabetes Mellitus
 90-95 % of diabetics
 RISK factors
- Older age
- Family history
- Obesity
- Physical Inactivity
- Race and Ethnicity

12. Type II Risk Factors
 Obesity & Inactivity
- Studies find a relationship between
weight/activity level and Type II
- Seeing an increase in Type II
diabetes in children

13. Type II Diabetes Mellitus
 Race & Ethnicity
- African Americans
- Hispanic/Latino Americans
- American Indians
- Asian Americans
- Pacific Islanders

14. Type II Prevention
 If have risk factors, prevent or delay
the onset of Type II…
- Healthy diet
- Moderately intense exercise
(walking 2 1/2 hours each week)

15. Type II Treatment
 Goal: Control blood sugar (glucose)
- Glucose monitoring often
- Oral medicine / Insulin injections
- Diet
- Exercise / Weight management
- Follow up with doctor
- Educate yourself!

16. Diet - Carb Counting
 Carbohydrates raise blood glucose
levels
 Keep track of how many carbs you
eat and set a limit for yourself
 Limit depends on your activity level
and medications
 Talk to your doctor!

17. Diet - Create your plate
 Divide plate into 3 sections
- Large section - non-starch veggies
(spinach, cabbage, mushrooms)
- Small section - starch
(potatoes, whole grain breads)
- Small section - meat
(turkey, tuna, lean pork)

18. Diet - Individualized
 No one diet is appropriate for every
diabetic person
 Work with your doctor to come up
with a diet that is right for your
situation

19. Complications of Diabetes
 Heart disease
 Blindness
 Kidney damage
 Diabetic neuropathy / nerve damage
 Prevent complications by managing
your glucose level, diet, and
activity!

20. Diabetes Awareness
 November is American Diabetes
Month
 November 14 is World Diabetes Day
For more information:
www.cdc.gov
www.diabetes.org
www.ndep.nih.gov

21. Websites
 http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/consu
mer/index.htm
 http://www.emedicinehealth.com/dia
betes/article_em.htm#Diabetes
%20Overview
 http://www.diabetes.org/