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Using the RIPE Atlas
API for measuring
IPv6 Reachability
FOSDEM 2014
Vesna Manojlovic
Community Builder for Measurements Tools
BECHA@ripe.net / @Ms_Multicolor

1
Overview
•

Short intro to RIPE, RIPE NCC

•

Getting IPv6

•

What is RIPE Atlas

•

How to use measurements

•

IPv6-related RIPE Atlas use cases

•

How to take part in the RIPE Atlas community

•

Appendix 1: IPv6 documents

•

Appendix 2: RIPEstat

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

2

2
RIPE and RIPE NCC

•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Réseaux IP Européens
Started in 1989
Not a legal entity
An open community
No official membership
Makes polices
Meets twice a year
Work is done in Working Groups on
mailing lists

•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

RIPE Network Coordination Centre
Started in 1992
Not-for-profit organisation
Located in Amsterdam
Has members called Local Internet
Registries (LIRs)
Implements policies
Facilitates two RIPE Meetings each year
Provides services to both members and
non-members
Governed by an Executive Board elected
by membership
Neutral, Impartial, Open, Transparent

3

3
The Five RIRs

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

4

4
Not Only an RIR: RIPE NCC Services

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

5

5
Increasing Involvement of Students: RACI

•

https://ripe68.ripe.net/programme/raci/

•

https://labs.ripe.net/Members/fergalc/raci-2013-from-dublin-to-athens

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

6

6
Getting IPv6

7
IPv6 Address Space Distribution
IANA

/3

RIR

/12

/32

/60

LIR

/56

Allocation
Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

End User

/48
PA Assignment

PI Assignment
8

8
IPv4 and IPv6 Status in RIPE Database
IPv4

IPv6

ALLOCATED PA

ALLOCATED-BY-RIR

ASSIGNED PA

ASSIGNED

ASSIGNED PA

AGGREGATED-BY-LIR

SUB-ALLOCATED PA

ALLOCATED-BY-LIR

ASSIGNED PI

ASSIGNED PI

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

9

9
Getting IPv6 from the RIPE NCC
•

To qualify for an allocation an organisation must:
– Be

an LIR

– Have

a plan for making assignments within two years

– Minimum

•

allocation size is /32

To qualify for a PI assignment an organisation must:
– Meet

the contractual requirements for PI resources

–

LIRs must demonstrate special routing requirements

– PI

space cannot be used for sub-assignments

– Minimum

assignment size is /48

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

10

10
Getting IPv6 Otherwise
•

For local network, use “private” IPv6 space
–
–

•

FC00::/8 and FD00::/8
http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4193, http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5375

For learning, use tunnel providers
–
–

•

SixXS: https://www.sixxs.net/
Hurricane Electric https://www.tunnelbroker.net/

For small SOHO, ask your upstream ISP
–

No, you are not the first one to ask...

–

Ask for a sub-allocation if you are a business

–

Ask for /48 is you are a home user

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

11

11
IPv6 Subnetting

IPv6 Subnetting
2001:0DB8:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000
0000:0000
64 bits interface ID

/64
/60 = 16 /64
/56 = 256 /64
/52 = 4096 /64
/48 = 65536 /64
/32 = 65536 /48
Contact Training Services: ts@ripe.net
Follow us on Twitter: www.twitter.com/TrainingRIPENCC
www.ripe.net

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

12

12
IPv6 Security Considerations
•

Everybody can claim to be a router
– Use

•

RA Guard to filter unauthorised RAs (RFC 6105)

SEcure Neighbor Discovery (SEND) - RFC3971
Neighbor solicitation/advertisement spoofing
- DoS attack
- Router solicitation and advertisement attacks
- No implementations (yet)
-

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

13

13
IPv6 RIPEness

•

http://ipv6ripeness.ripe.net

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

14

14
RIPE Atlas

15
RIPE Atlas Deployment

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

16

16
RIPE Atlas: January 2014
•

4,700+ active probes
2,050+ probes do IPv6

•

9,500+ registered users

•

Four types of customised measurements available
to probe hosts: ping, traceroute, DNS, SSL
–

And of course, ping6 and traceroute6 :-)

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

17

17
RIPE Atlas Participation and Benefits
•

Anyone can become a RIPE Atlas probe host

•

Major personal and operational benefit:
See your network from the outside!
–

•

Have at your fingertips ~5,000 external vantage points
to do customised measurements towards the
destination of your choice

Data of built-in measurements available to everyone
_

Maps, data from public probes, API to download raw data

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

18

18
Measurement Devices
•

v1 & v2: Lantronix XPort Pro

•

v3: TP-Link TL-MR3020 powered from USB port
– Does

not work as a wireless router!

– Same

•

functionality as the old probe!

RIPE Atlas anchor: Soekris net6501-70

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

19

19
RIPE Atlas Anchors
•

Anchors: well-known targets and powerful probes
– Regional

baseline & “future history”

• 36

anchors installed
• Anchoring measurements
– Measurements
– 200

probes targeting each anchor with measurements

– Each

• Apply:

between anchors

probe measures 4-5 anchors

https://atlas.ripe.net/about/anchors/

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

20

20
RIPE Atlas Anchor Hosts in 2013

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

21

21
RIPE Atlas Features
•

Seismograph
– Multiple
– Stacked
– Based

•

ping measurements in one view
chart and interactive control panel

on RIPEstat widget framework

Zoomable ping graph
– Replacing

multiple RRDs graphs: zoom in/out in time,
in the same graph, without loss of detail

– Easier

visualisation of an event’s details

– Selection

of RTT class (max, min, average)

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

22

22
Seismograph

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

23

23
Zoomable Ping Graph

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

24

24
RIPE Atlas Success Stories
•

IXP: Measuring the effect of
installing L-root in Belgrade /
SOX

•

DNS: Looking for most popular
instances of .FR anycast
servers

•

Events: Measuring Internet
outage in Sudan
Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

25

25
Security Aspects
•

Probes have hardwired trust material
(registration server addresses / keys)

•

The probes don’t have any open ports; they only initiate
connections - this works fine with NATs, too

•

Measurements are scheduled by centralised “command
servers” via reverse ssh tunnels

•

Probes don’t listen to local traffic; there are no passive
measurements running

•

Measurement source code published

•

Reported vulnerabilities: https://atlas.ripe.net/docs/security/
Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

26

26
Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

27

27
RIPE Atlas Plans for the Future
•

Integrating DNSMON into RIPE Atlas and RIPEstat

•

Tagging probes and measurements as
“My Favourites” for easy viewing

•

Improving traceroute visualisation: T-play

•

Increasing probe distribution via RIR cooperation

•

Tell us your feature requests:
– http://roadmap.ripe.net/ripe-atlas/

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

28

28
How to Use
Measurements

29
User-Defined Measurements
•

Probe hosts and RIPE NCC members perform
customised measurements using the targets and
frequency of their choice

•

API available for creating measurements
– https://atlas.ripe.net/docs/measurement-creation-api/

•

REST APIs for analysing measurements, too
– https://labs.ripe.net/Members/wilhelm/ripe-atlas-code-

for-analysis-and-statistics-reporting

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

30

30
Web UI: How to Schedule a Measurement
•

Log in to atlas.ripe.net

•

Go to “My Atlas”

•

Choose “New Measurement” or “One-off”
– Most

measurements are periodic & last a long time

– Choose
– You

“My Measurements”

type, target, frequency, # of probes, region...

will spend credits (next slides)

•

To see results: “My Measurements”

•

More details: https://atlas.ripe.net/doc/udm

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

31

31
Credit System
•

By hosting a probe, you earn credits as a reward
for making your probe available to others
– Hosts

earn 21,600 credits per day, as long as the
probe is connected

•

To perform customised measurements, you
spend credits
– Use

them to perform measurements from your probe
towards any target

– Ping

costs 10 credits, traceroute costs 20, etc.

– Daily

limit applies

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

32

32
...continued
•

Credit system introduced to ensure fairness and
protect system from overload

•

To use the API, you need keys that identify users:
– https://atlas.ripe.net/atlas/keys

•

Extra credits can be earned by:
– Being

a RIPE NCC member

– Hosting

a RIPE Atlas anchor

– Sponsoring

•

multiple probes

More details: https://atlas.ripe.net/doc/credits

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

33

33
Status Checks: Creating Alerts in “Icinga”
•

Steps:
1. Create a RIPE Atlas ping measurement
-

You can use up to 1,024 probes

2. URL: https://atlas.ripe.net/api/v1/status-checks/MEAUSRMNT_ID/
3. Come back later to see whether anything has changed
4. Define your alerts accordingly
•

Icinga:
– Make

•

use of the built-in check_http plugin

Documentation and examples:
– https://atlas.ripe.net/docs/status-checks/
Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

34

34
Hands-on Tutorials by the Community
•

Nikolay Melnikov, Hands-on: RIPE Atlas, AIMS 2013
– http://cnds.eecs.jacobs-university.de/users/nmelnikov/

aims2013-ripe-atlas.html
•

Stéphane Bortzmeyer, Creating and Analysing RIPE Atlas
Measurements, RIPE67
– https://ripe67.ripe.net/presentations/153-ripe-atlas-

udm-api-1.pdf

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

35

35
IPv6 Use Cases

36
IPv6 & RIPE Atlas: Filtering
•

Is there BGP route filtering based on prefix size in IPv6?
– We

saw roughly 1% out of ~500 RIPE Atlas probes that
can't reach a destination in an IPv6 /48 prefix (without a
covering shorter prefix) out of IPv6 PA space

– Likely
–

•

due to filtering

https://labs.ripe.net/Members/emileaben/ripe-atlas-a-case-study-of-ipv6-48filtering

Is the DNS filtering of AAAA causing unexpected problems?
–

https://labs.ripe.net/Members/emileaben/ripe-atlas-case-study-of-aaaa-filtering

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

37

37
IPv6 & RIPE Atlas: Reachability Testing
•

Using RIPE Atlas to perform worldwide traces to measure
round-trip times and other route measurements
–

–

We also identified routes that can be optimised by changing the transit
provider for the same POP

–

•

We identified routes that can be optimised and sent to other POPs with
much better response times

https://labs.ripe.net/Members/becha/world-ipv6-launch-ripe-atlas-use-cases

The success rate with IPv6-only domain names is much
lower (~60%) than with "mixed" (both IPv4 and IPv6) domain
names (~96%)
–

https://labs.ripe.net/Members/stephane_bortzmeyer/how-many-ripe-atlas-probes-canresolve-ipv6-only-domain-names

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

38

38
RIPE Atlas IPv6 traceroute Visualisation
•

Only for RIPE NCC members! (LIRs)

•

Via the LIR Portal

•

Using 1,000 RIPE Atlas probes

•

Visualising:
– Completed

paths

– Unsuccessful
– Clickable

paths

hops (ASNs)

•

https://labs.ripe.net/Members/becha/test-your-ipv6-reachability-using-ripe-atlas

•

https://labs.ripe.net/Members/emileaben/visualise-your-ipv6-connectivity-using-ripeatlas
Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

39

39
IPv6 & RIPE Atlas: Packet Size & PMTU
•

What happens when users try to send large packets over
the Internet? Above a certain size, these packets will
have to be fragmented, which might cause problems

•

9% of RIPE Atlas probes have problems with
fragmentation in IPv4, and 10% of probes have
fragmentation problems in IPv6

•

https://labs.ripe.net/Members/emileaben/ripe-atlaspacket-size-matters

•

http://www.nlnetlabs.nl/downloads/publications/pmtublack-holes-msc-thesis.pdf

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

40

40
IPv6 & RIPE Atlas: Troubleshooting (1)
•

Performing traceroute6 to DNS name that does not
have IPv6 helped troubleshoot IPv6 at Vienna
University!
–

Most probes reported “name resolution failed”

–

“One probe, 13255 resolved wsww2.cc.univie.ac.at to
2001:6f8:114e:3::c099:aec4, which is interesting
because c099:aec4 is exactly equal to the IPv4 address
of wsww2.cc.univie.ac.at. So I suspect that this probe is
behind a resolver that does DNS64.” (allowing this userdefined measurement was a RIPE Atlas bug ;-) )

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

41

41
IPv6 & RIPE Atlas: Troubleshooting (2)
•

“It is quite common in the IPv6 world to have devices
that believe they are connected to the IPv6 Internet
while they are not”
– “When

you use RIPE Atlas to measure the
connectivity of an IPv6 device, 90% success is the
maximal reachability you'll get.”

–

https://labs.ripe.net/Members/stephane_bortzmeyer/howmany-atlas-probes-believe-they-have-ipv6-but-are-wrong

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

42

42
Tips for Writing IPv6-capable Applications
•

Application Aspects of IPv6 Transition: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4038

•

Porting applications to IPv6:
–
–

•

http://gsyc.escet.urjc.es/~eva/IPv6-web/ipv6.html  
http://www.euchinagrid.org/IPv6/IPv6_presentation/
Introduction_to_IPv6_programming.pdf

Ecdysis: open-source implementation of a NAT64 gateway:
–

•

Information for application developers:
–

•

http://icons.apnic.net/display/IPv6/Information+for+Application+Developers  

A Recommendation for IPv6 Address Text Representation:
–

•

http://ecdysis.viagenie.ca/  

http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-6man-text-addr-representation-03

IETF WGs - Behave: Standardising NATs and protocol translators
–

https://www.ietf.org/dyn/wg/charter/behave-charter.htm

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

43

43
How to Take Part
in the RIPE Atlas
Community

44
Contribute to the Community GitHub

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

45

45
Also on GitHub
•

Measurements source code
– https://labs.ripe.net/Members/philip_homburg/ripe-

atlas-measurements-source-code
– https://github.com/RIPE-Atlas-Community/RIPE-Atlas-

probe-fw-code-4520
•

https://github.com/RIPE-Atlas-Community/RIPEAtlas-data-analysis

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

46

46
Become a RIPE Atlas Ambassador
•

If you want to...
– Help
– Give

•

distribute probes
workshops, tutorials, and promote RIPE Atlas

To become an ambassador:
– Get
– Join

in touch; we’ll ship you some probes
the mailing list:

– https://www.ripe.net/mailman/listinfo/ripe-atlas-ambassadors

•

Or become a sponsor:
–

https://atlas.ripe.net/get-involved/community/#!tab-sponsors

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

47

47
RIPE Atlas 2013 Sponsors

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

48

48
Questions to the Community
•

HTTP measurements: limitations and guidelines?

•

System Checks: what level of ease or
sophistication?

•

IPv6: Only for researchers? Operators’ needs?

•

Open publication of measurement data
– To

have private measurements or not?

•

Testing BCP38 compliance

•

Most interesting use cases?

•

More success stories? Share them!

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

49

49
RIPE Atlas Contact
https://atlas.ripe.net
•

Get a probe: https://atlas.ripe.net/apply

•

Mailing list for active users: ripe-atlas@ripe.net

•

Articles & updates on RIPE Labs:
https://labs.ripe.net/atlas

•

Questions: atlas@ripe.net

•

Twitter: @RIPE_Atlas and #RIPEAtlas

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

50

50
Questions?

51
Appendix 1:
IPv6 Documents

52
RIPE NCC IPv6 Training Courses
•

http://www.ripe.net/training/ipv6/

•

http://www.ripe.net/lir-services/training/material/
ripe-ncc-training-material#IPV6

•

http://www.ripe.net/lir-services/resourcemanagement/allocations-and-assignments/
request-ipv6/ipv6-subnetting-card

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

53

53
RIPE-554 Document
•

“Requirements for IPv6 in ICT Equipment”
–

http://www.ripe.net/ripe/docs/ripe-554.html

•

Best Current Practice describing what to ask for
when requesting IPv6 support

•

Useful for tenders and RFPs

•

Originated by the Slovenian government
– Adopted

by various others (Germany, Sweden)

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

54

54
What to do with a /48?
•

Organisations have no idea how to handle
65,536 subnets!

•

Manual for preparing an IPv6 addressing plan
– https://www.ripe.net/lir-services/training/material/IPv6-

for-LIRs-Training-Course/IPv6_addr_plan4.pdf

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

55

55
Moar Links
Websites
•

http://www.getipv6.info/

•

http://www.ipv6actnow.org

•

http://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/v6ops/

•

http://www.ripe.net/ripe/docs/ripe-554.html
Mailing lists

•

http://lists.cluenet.de/mailman/listinfo/ipv6-ops

•

http://www.ripe.net/mailman/listinfo/ipv6-wg

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

56

56
Appendix 2:
RIPEstat

57
RIPEstat Introduction
•

RIPEstat is a “one-stop shop” for information
about Internet number resources
– RIPE

NCC: registration data and RIPE Database, routing
(RIS), reverse DNS, RIPE Atlas measurements

– External

sources: IRR, RIRs, geolocation, blacklists, MLab network activity

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

58

58
Web Interface: Query Results Page
Search box

Widgets

Widgets
grouped into
thematic tabs

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

59

59
RIPEstat Data and Interfaces
•

Search by: IPv4, IPv6 address/prefix; AS Number;
hostname; country; keywords (new)

•

Web, widgets, data API, text service, mobile app

•

Other features:
– BGPlay2
– Abuse

Finder

– Customisable

“My Views”

– History

view for RIPE NCC members / LIRs

– Embed

widgets on your site

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

60

60
•

The most famous incident: YouTube
hijacked by Pakistan Telecom

•

https://www.ripe.net/internetcoordination/news/industrydevelopments/youtube-hijacking-aripe-ncc-ris-case-study

•

Video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=IzLPKuAOe50

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

61

61
M-Labs Data for Serbia

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

62

62
New Features
•

Multiple widget and resource comparison

•

In-widget comparison and monitoring

•

Visualising bandwidth capacity and network
activity using M-Lab data

•

Old RIS interfaces integrated into RIPEstat

•

Tighter integration with RIPE Atlas
– Zoomable

ping graph, Seismograph

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

63

63
Use Cases for Comparing Multiple Widgets
•

Making peering decisions

•

Country outage

https://labs.ripe.net/Members/suzanne_taylor_muzzin/ripestats-multiple-widget-and-resource-comparison

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

64

64
In-widget Comparison: Serbia & Greece

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

65

65
BGP Comparison and Monitoring

Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

66

66
RIPEstat Plans for the Future

•

Integrate DNSMON into RIPEstat and RIPE Atlas
Migrate RIS Dashboard features into RIPEstat
Add notable events to BGPlay2
Improve back-end stability to enable resilience
of current services and scale for future growth
Increase data quality and consistency

•

Tell us your feature requests:

•
•
•
•

– http://roadmap.ripe.net/ripe-stat/
Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014

67

67

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Using the RIPE Atlas API for measuring IPv6 Reachability

  • 1. Using the RIPE Atlas API for measuring IPv6 Reachability FOSDEM 2014 Vesna Manojlovic Community Builder for Measurements Tools BECHA@ripe.net / @Ms_Multicolor 1
  • 2. Overview • Short intro to RIPE, RIPE NCC • Getting IPv6 • What is RIPE Atlas • How to use measurements • IPv6-related RIPE Atlas use cases • How to take part in the RIPE Atlas community • Appendix 1: IPv6 documents • Appendix 2: RIPEstat Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 2 2
  • 3. RIPE and RIPE NCC • • • • • • • • Réseaux IP Européens Started in 1989 Not a legal entity An open community No official membership Makes polices Meets twice a year Work is done in Working Groups on mailing lists • • • • • • • • • • Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 RIPE Network Coordination Centre Started in 1992 Not-for-profit organisation Located in Amsterdam Has members called Local Internet Registries (LIRs) Implements policies Facilitates two RIPE Meetings each year Provides services to both members and non-members Governed by an Executive Board elected by membership Neutral, Impartial, Open, Transparent 3 3
  • 4. The Five RIRs Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 4 4
  • 5. Not Only an RIR: RIPE NCC Services Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 5 5
  • 6. Increasing Involvement of Students: RACI • https://ripe68.ripe.net/programme/raci/ • https://labs.ripe.net/Members/fergalc/raci-2013-from-dublin-to-athens Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 6 6
  • 8. IPv6 Address Space Distribution IANA /3 RIR /12 /32 /60 LIR /56 Allocation Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 End User /48 PA Assignment PI Assignment 8 8
  • 9. IPv4 and IPv6 Status in RIPE Database IPv4 IPv6 ALLOCATED PA ALLOCATED-BY-RIR ASSIGNED PA ASSIGNED ASSIGNED PA AGGREGATED-BY-LIR SUB-ALLOCATED PA ALLOCATED-BY-LIR ASSIGNED PI ASSIGNED PI Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 9 9
  • 10. Getting IPv6 from the RIPE NCC • To qualify for an allocation an organisation must: – Be an LIR – Have a plan for making assignments within two years – Minimum • allocation size is /32 To qualify for a PI assignment an organisation must: – Meet the contractual requirements for PI resources – LIRs must demonstrate special routing requirements – PI space cannot be used for sub-assignments – Minimum assignment size is /48 Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 10 10
  • 11. Getting IPv6 Otherwise • For local network, use “private” IPv6 space – – • FC00::/8 and FD00::/8 http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4193, http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5375 For learning, use tunnel providers – – • SixXS: https://www.sixxs.net/ Hurricane Electric https://www.tunnelbroker.net/ For small SOHO, ask your upstream ISP – No, you are not the first one to ask... – Ask for a sub-allocation if you are a business – Ask for /48 is you are a home user Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 11 11
  • 12. IPv6 Subnetting IPv6 Subnetting 2001:0DB8:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000 0000:0000 64 bits interface ID /64 /60 = 16 /64 /56 = 256 /64 /52 = 4096 /64 /48 = 65536 /64 /32 = 65536 /48 Contact Training Services: ts@ripe.net Follow us on Twitter: www.twitter.com/TrainingRIPENCC www.ripe.net Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 12 12
  • 13. IPv6 Security Considerations • Everybody can claim to be a router – Use • RA Guard to filter unauthorised RAs (RFC 6105) SEcure Neighbor Discovery (SEND) - RFC3971 Neighbor solicitation/advertisement spoofing - DoS attack - Router solicitation and advertisement attacks - No implementations (yet) - Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 13 13
  • 16. RIPE Atlas Deployment Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 16 16
  • 17. RIPE Atlas: January 2014 • 4,700+ active probes 2,050+ probes do IPv6 • 9,500+ registered users • Four types of customised measurements available to probe hosts: ping, traceroute, DNS, SSL – And of course, ping6 and traceroute6 :-) Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 17 17
  • 18. RIPE Atlas Participation and Benefits • Anyone can become a RIPE Atlas probe host • Major personal and operational benefit: See your network from the outside! – • Have at your fingertips ~5,000 external vantage points to do customised measurements towards the destination of your choice Data of built-in measurements available to everyone _ Maps, data from public probes, API to download raw data Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 18 18
  • 19. Measurement Devices • v1 & v2: Lantronix XPort Pro • v3: TP-Link TL-MR3020 powered from USB port – Does not work as a wireless router! – Same • functionality as the old probe! RIPE Atlas anchor: Soekris net6501-70 Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 19 19
  • 20. RIPE Atlas Anchors • Anchors: well-known targets and powerful probes – Regional baseline & “future history” • 36 anchors installed • Anchoring measurements – Measurements – 200 probes targeting each anchor with measurements – Each • Apply: between anchors probe measures 4-5 anchors https://atlas.ripe.net/about/anchors/ Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 20 20
  • 21. RIPE Atlas Anchor Hosts in 2013 Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 21 21
  • 22. RIPE Atlas Features • Seismograph – Multiple – Stacked – Based • ping measurements in one view chart and interactive control panel on RIPEstat widget framework Zoomable ping graph – Replacing multiple RRDs graphs: zoom in/out in time, in the same graph, without loss of detail – Easier visualisation of an event’s details – Selection of RTT class (max, min, average) Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 22 22
  • 24. Zoomable Ping Graph Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 24 24
  • 25. RIPE Atlas Success Stories • IXP: Measuring the effect of installing L-root in Belgrade / SOX • DNS: Looking for most popular instances of .FR anycast servers • Events: Measuring Internet outage in Sudan Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 25 25
  • 26. Security Aspects • Probes have hardwired trust material (registration server addresses / keys) • The probes don’t have any open ports; they only initiate connections - this works fine with NATs, too • Measurements are scheduled by centralised “command servers” via reverse ssh tunnels • Probes don’t listen to local traffic; there are no passive measurements running • Measurement source code published • Reported vulnerabilities: https://atlas.ripe.net/docs/security/ Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 26 26
  • 28. RIPE Atlas Plans for the Future • Integrating DNSMON into RIPE Atlas and RIPEstat • Tagging probes and measurements as “My Favourites” for easy viewing • Improving traceroute visualisation: T-play • Increasing probe distribution via RIR cooperation • Tell us your feature requests: – http://roadmap.ripe.net/ripe-atlas/ Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 28 28
  • 30. User-Defined Measurements • Probe hosts and RIPE NCC members perform customised measurements using the targets and frequency of their choice • API available for creating measurements – https://atlas.ripe.net/docs/measurement-creation-api/ • REST APIs for analysing measurements, too – https://labs.ripe.net/Members/wilhelm/ripe-atlas-code- for-analysis-and-statistics-reporting Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 30 30
  • 31. Web UI: How to Schedule a Measurement • Log in to atlas.ripe.net • Go to “My Atlas” • Choose “New Measurement” or “One-off” – Most measurements are periodic & last a long time – Choose – You “My Measurements” type, target, frequency, # of probes, region... will spend credits (next slides) • To see results: “My Measurements” • More details: https://atlas.ripe.net/doc/udm Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 31 31
  • 32. Credit System • By hosting a probe, you earn credits as a reward for making your probe available to others – Hosts earn 21,600 credits per day, as long as the probe is connected • To perform customised measurements, you spend credits – Use them to perform measurements from your probe towards any target – Ping costs 10 credits, traceroute costs 20, etc. – Daily limit applies Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 32 32
  • 33. ...continued • Credit system introduced to ensure fairness and protect system from overload • To use the API, you need keys that identify users: – https://atlas.ripe.net/atlas/keys • Extra credits can be earned by: – Being a RIPE NCC member – Hosting a RIPE Atlas anchor – Sponsoring • multiple probes More details: https://atlas.ripe.net/doc/credits Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 33 33
  • 34. Status Checks: Creating Alerts in “Icinga” • Steps: 1. Create a RIPE Atlas ping measurement - You can use up to 1,024 probes 2. URL: https://atlas.ripe.net/api/v1/status-checks/MEAUSRMNT_ID/ 3. Come back later to see whether anything has changed 4. Define your alerts accordingly • Icinga: – Make • use of the built-in check_http plugin Documentation and examples: – https://atlas.ripe.net/docs/status-checks/ Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 34 34
  • 35. Hands-on Tutorials by the Community • Nikolay Melnikov, Hands-on: RIPE Atlas, AIMS 2013 – http://cnds.eecs.jacobs-university.de/users/nmelnikov/ aims2013-ripe-atlas.html • Stéphane Bortzmeyer, Creating and Analysing RIPE Atlas Measurements, RIPE67 – https://ripe67.ripe.net/presentations/153-ripe-atlas- udm-api-1.pdf Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 35 35
  • 37. IPv6 & RIPE Atlas: Filtering • Is there BGP route filtering based on prefix size in IPv6? – We saw roughly 1% out of ~500 RIPE Atlas probes that can't reach a destination in an IPv6 /48 prefix (without a covering shorter prefix) out of IPv6 PA space – Likely – • due to filtering https://labs.ripe.net/Members/emileaben/ripe-atlas-a-case-study-of-ipv6-48filtering Is the DNS filtering of AAAA causing unexpected problems? – https://labs.ripe.net/Members/emileaben/ripe-atlas-case-study-of-aaaa-filtering Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 37 37
  • 38. IPv6 & RIPE Atlas: Reachability Testing • Using RIPE Atlas to perform worldwide traces to measure round-trip times and other route measurements – – We also identified routes that can be optimised by changing the transit provider for the same POP – • We identified routes that can be optimised and sent to other POPs with much better response times https://labs.ripe.net/Members/becha/world-ipv6-launch-ripe-atlas-use-cases The success rate with IPv6-only domain names is much lower (~60%) than with "mixed" (both IPv4 and IPv6) domain names (~96%) – https://labs.ripe.net/Members/stephane_bortzmeyer/how-many-ripe-atlas-probes-canresolve-ipv6-only-domain-names Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 38 38
  • 39. RIPE Atlas IPv6 traceroute Visualisation • Only for RIPE NCC members! (LIRs) • Via the LIR Portal • Using 1,000 RIPE Atlas probes • Visualising: – Completed paths – Unsuccessful – Clickable paths hops (ASNs) • https://labs.ripe.net/Members/becha/test-your-ipv6-reachability-using-ripe-atlas • https://labs.ripe.net/Members/emileaben/visualise-your-ipv6-connectivity-using-ripeatlas Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 39 39
  • 40. IPv6 & RIPE Atlas: Packet Size & PMTU • What happens when users try to send large packets over the Internet? Above a certain size, these packets will have to be fragmented, which might cause problems • 9% of RIPE Atlas probes have problems with fragmentation in IPv4, and 10% of probes have fragmentation problems in IPv6 • https://labs.ripe.net/Members/emileaben/ripe-atlaspacket-size-matters • http://www.nlnetlabs.nl/downloads/publications/pmtublack-holes-msc-thesis.pdf Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 40 40
  • 41. IPv6 & RIPE Atlas: Troubleshooting (1) • Performing traceroute6 to DNS name that does not have IPv6 helped troubleshoot IPv6 at Vienna University! – Most probes reported “name resolution failed” – “One probe, 13255 resolved wsww2.cc.univie.ac.at to 2001:6f8:114e:3::c099:aec4, which is interesting because c099:aec4 is exactly equal to the IPv4 address of wsww2.cc.univie.ac.at. So I suspect that this probe is behind a resolver that does DNS64.” (allowing this userdefined measurement was a RIPE Atlas bug ;-) ) Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 41 41
  • 42. IPv6 & RIPE Atlas: Troubleshooting (2) • “It is quite common in the IPv6 world to have devices that believe they are connected to the IPv6 Internet while they are not” – “When you use RIPE Atlas to measure the connectivity of an IPv6 device, 90% success is the maximal reachability you'll get.” – https://labs.ripe.net/Members/stephane_bortzmeyer/howmany-atlas-probes-believe-they-have-ipv6-but-are-wrong Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 42 42
  • 43. Tips for Writing IPv6-capable Applications • Application Aspects of IPv6 Transition: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4038 • Porting applications to IPv6: – – • http://gsyc.escet.urjc.es/~eva/IPv6-web/ipv6.html   http://www.euchinagrid.org/IPv6/IPv6_presentation/ Introduction_to_IPv6_programming.pdf Ecdysis: open-source implementation of a NAT64 gateway: – • Information for application developers: – • http://icons.apnic.net/display/IPv6/Information+for+Application+Developers   A Recommendation for IPv6 Address Text Representation: – • http://ecdysis.viagenie.ca/   http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-6man-text-addr-representation-03 IETF WGs - Behave: Standardising NATs and protocol translators – https://www.ietf.org/dyn/wg/charter/behave-charter.htm Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 43 43
  • 44. How to Take Part in the RIPE Atlas Community 44
  • 45. Contribute to the Community GitHub Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 45 45
  • 46. Also on GitHub • Measurements source code – https://labs.ripe.net/Members/philip_homburg/ripe- atlas-measurements-source-code – https://github.com/RIPE-Atlas-Community/RIPE-Atlas- probe-fw-code-4520 • https://github.com/RIPE-Atlas-Community/RIPEAtlas-data-analysis Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 46 46
  • 47. Become a RIPE Atlas Ambassador • If you want to... – Help – Give • distribute probes workshops, tutorials, and promote RIPE Atlas To become an ambassador: – Get – Join in touch; we’ll ship you some probes the mailing list: – https://www.ripe.net/mailman/listinfo/ripe-atlas-ambassadors • Or become a sponsor: – https://atlas.ripe.net/get-involved/community/#!tab-sponsors Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 47 47
  • 48. RIPE Atlas 2013 Sponsors Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 48 48
  • 49. Questions to the Community • HTTP measurements: limitations and guidelines? • System Checks: what level of ease or sophistication? • IPv6: Only for researchers? Operators’ needs? • Open publication of measurement data – To have private measurements or not? • Testing BCP38 compliance • Most interesting use cases? • More success stories? Share them! Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 49 49
  • 50. RIPE Atlas Contact https://atlas.ripe.net • Get a probe: https://atlas.ripe.net/apply • Mailing list for active users: ripe-atlas@ripe.net • Articles & updates on RIPE Labs: https://labs.ripe.net/atlas • Questions: atlas@ripe.net • Twitter: @RIPE_Atlas and #RIPEAtlas Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 50 50
  • 53. RIPE NCC IPv6 Training Courses • http://www.ripe.net/training/ipv6/ • http://www.ripe.net/lir-services/training/material/ ripe-ncc-training-material#IPV6 • http://www.ripe.net/lir-services/resourcemanagement/allocations-and-assignments/ request-ipv6/ipv6-subnetting-card Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 53 53
  • 54. RIPE-554 Document • “Requirements for IPv6 in ICT Equipment” – http://www.ripe.net/ripe/docs/ripe-554.html • Best Current Practice describing what to ask for when requesting IPv6 support • Useful for tenders and RFPs • Originated by the Slovenian government – Adopted by various others (Germany, Sweden) Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 54 54
  • 55. What to do with a /48? • Organisations have no idea how to handle 65,536 subnets! • Manual for preparing an IPv6 addressing plan – https://www.ripe.net/lir-services/training/material/IPv6- for-LIRs-Training-Course/IPv6_addr_plan4.pdf Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 55 55
  • 58. RIPEstat Introduction • RIPEstat is a “one-stop shop” for information about Internet number resources – RIPE NCC: registration data and RIPE Database, routing (RIS), reverse DNS, RIPE Atlas measurements – External sources: IRR, RIRs, geolocation, blacklists, MLab network activity Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 58 58
  • 59. Web Interface: Query Results Page Search box Widgets Widgets grouped into thematic tabs Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 59 59
  • 60. RIPEstat Data and Interfaces • Search by: IPv4, IPv6 address/prefix; AS Number; hostname; country; keywords (new) • Web, widgets, data API, text service, mobile app • Other features: – BGPlay2 – Abuse Finder – Customisable “My Views” – History view for RIPE NCC members / LIRs – Embed widgets on your site Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 60 60
  • 61. • The most famous incident: YouTube hijacked by Pakistan Telecom • https://www.ripe.net/internetcoordination/news/industrydevelopments/youtube-hijacking-aripe-ncc-ris-case-study • Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=IzLPKuAOe50 Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 61 61
  • 62. M-Labs Data for Serbia Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 62 62
  • 63. New Features • Multiple widget and resource comparison • In-widget comparison and monitoring • Visualising bandwidth capacity and network activity using M-Lab data • Old RIS interfaces integrated into RIPEstat • Tighter integration with RIPE Atlas – Zoomable ping graph, Seismograph Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 63 63
  • 64. Use Cases for Comparing Multiple Widgets • Making peering decisions • Country outage https://labs.ripe.net/Members/suzanne_taylor_muzzin/ripestats-multiple-widget-and-resource-comparison Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 64 64
  • 65. In-widget Comparison: Serbia & Greece Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 65 65
  • 66. BGP Comparison and Monitoring Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 66 66
  • 67. RIPEstat Plans for the Future • Integrate DNSMON into RIPEstat and RIPE Atlas Migrate RIS Dashboard features into RIPEstat Add notable events to BGPlay2 Improve back-end stability to enable resilience of current services and scale for future growth Increase data quality and consistency • Tell us your feature requests: • • • • – http://roadmap.ripe.net/ripe-stat/ Vesna Manojlovic, FOSDEM 2014 67 67