Natural Sciences REPORT

2. Atmospheric layer
layer of gases
Atmosphere
-protects life on earth
-blanket of air
-reaches to approximately 1000 km

3. -consists of 78% nitrogen, 21%
oxygen, and 1% of other gases
(helium, neon, and ozone)
-nitrogen
-oxygen
-argon

4. Exosphere
STRUCTURE OF THE ATMOSPHERE

5. 1. Exosphere
- outermost layer of Earth's
atmosphere
- merges with the emptiness of
outer space
- hydrogen and helium

6. 2. Thermosphere
- second-highest layer of Earth's
atmosphere
- lower part contains the
thermosphere
- completely cloudless and free of
water vapor
- high as 1,727˚C

7. 3.Mesosphere
- third highest layer of Earth's
atmosphere
- coldest place on earth
- mesopause separates the
mesosphere from the next layer
- low as -93˚C

8. 4. Stratosphere
- the second-lowest layer of Earth's
atmosphere
- dry, clean, cold and less dense
- contains the ozone layer
- temperatures rise with increasing
altitude
- increases gradually to -3˚C

9. 5. Troposphere
- lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere
- 17 to -52˚C
- bounded above by the tropopause
, a boundary marked by stable
temperatures
- temperature usually declines with
increasing altitude

10. Other layers :
•Ozone layer - contained within the
stratosphere
- in the lower portion of the
stratosphere
•Ionosphere - region of the atmosphere
that is ionized by solar radiation
- overlaps the atmosphere

11. Greenhouse Effect
- capture and recycle energy
- water vapor, carbon dioxide,
methane, nitrous oxide,
troposheric ozone, fluorocarbons

12. Weather and Climate
Weather – specific condition of the
atmosphere over a short period of time
- temperature, humidity,
precipitation, cloudiness, visibility,
wind
Climate – general pattern of the weather

13. Weather Patterns and
Irregularities
1) Global Winds - uneven heating
produces global circulation patterns
2) Air Masses - drive large bodies of air
3) Fronts - location where two air
masses

14. 4) Jet Streams - high in the
atmosphere, narrow bands of
strong wind
5) Coriolis Effect - global winds do
not move in straight lines