This is my workshop presentation from Learning 2.012. Some students enjoy speaking up in class and others don't? Why is this? How can we promote more students to share their ideas? This workshop will briefly present research on face-to-face and virtual discussions. It will provide classroom examples and encourage educators to try different ways to reach their students through different modes of class discussions. Participants will apply their learning in this session by engaging in both face-to-face and virtual discussions. Additionally participants will reflect on the uses of face-to-face and virtual discussions and discuss ways to start using this in their classrooms.

2. Why are you here?

3. What are some discussion
tools you like to use?

4. Go to Today's Meet:
http://todaysmeet.com/speakup2
Titan Pad:
http://titanpad.com/YPHOEdmeNB

5. Some students enjoy
speaking up in class and
others don't.
Why is this?

6. RESEARCH

7. Student Participation
Face-to-Face Discussions
to
Virtual Discussions

8. Face-to-Face Discussions

9. Virtual Discussions

10. What is the effect of virtual
discussions on students' participation
and sense of belonging?

12. LITERATURE

13. Jarmon, Lim and Carpenter (2009)
"Introduction Pedagogy, Education and
Innovation in Virtual Worlds"
says virtual worlds will be used more for

teaching and learning in the future.

14. FACE-TO-FACE

15. Friedman, Karniel and Dinur’s (2009) study
“Comparing Group Discussion in Virtual and
Physical Environments" found that students
had a higher number of on-topic
discussions in the physical
discussion setting versus the virtual
discussion setting (p. 290).

16. Friedman et al. (2009) setup the 3D virtual
world Second Life for students to be
anonymous (p.288).

17. 
Carnegie’s (2003) study, “Teaching a Critical
Understanding of Virtual Environments” says
that virtual discussions provided
more opportunities for my quieter
students.

18. Carnegie acknowledges that, “[t]he
biggest advantage was for
students who were shy, self-
conscious, or intimidated in face-
to-face group meetings” because they
were given a different medium to succeed in,
not every student will speak up in whole class
discussions (2003, p. 63).

19. Susan Cain’s (2012) book “Quiet: The
Power of Introverts in a World That Can’t
Stop Talking” she confirms this idea by
explaining that ‘quiet’ students feel
comfortable collaborating in an “online
working group” which is similar to a virtual
discussion because “it is a form of
solitude” which better meets the needs of
more introverted learners (p. 111).

20. http://www.thepowerofintroverts.com/

21. Wang and Woo’s (2007) study “Comparing
Asynchronous Online Discussions and Face-
to-Face Discussions in a Classroom Setting”
said, “[i]n terms of authenticity, face-to-
face discussions were more real
and authentic than in-class online
discussions because participants could talk
to each other in real time, see their facial
expressions and clarify matters
immediately” (p. 282). In this aspect, face-to-
face discussions were regarded as more
superior to online discussions.

22. Wang and Woo (2007) also said that
“online discussions were more
comfortable, less aggressive and
offered more equal
opportunities for group
members to voice their

23. Participation increased in virtual
discussion
Quality of participation also increased
during virtual discussions

24. Integrate virtual discussions into
your classrooms

25. How can you apply what
you've learned today in your
class next week?

26. Go to Today's Meet:
http://todaysmeet.com/speakup2
Titan Pad:
http://titanpad.com/YPHOEdmeNB

27. REFERENCES

Cain, S. (2012). Quiet: the power of introverts in a world that can't stop talking. New York:
Crown Publishers.
Carnegie, T. A. (2003). TeachingaCritical Understandingof Virtual Environments.
Business Communication Quarterly, 66(4), 55-64.
Friedman, D., Karniel, Y., & Dinur, A. L. (2009). Comparing Group Discussion in Virtual
and Physical Environments. PRESENCE by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
18(4), 286-293.
Jarmon, L., Lim, K. Y., & Carpenter, B. S. (2009). Pedagogy, Education and Innovation in
3-D Virtual Worlds. Journal of Virtual Worlds Research, 2(1), 3-4.
Ligorio, M. B., Cesareni, D., & Schwartz, N. (2008). Collaborative Virtual Environments
as Means to Increase the Level of Intersubjectivity in a Distributed Cognition System.
Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 40(3), 339-357.
Wang, Q., & Woo, H. L. (2007). Comparing asynchronous online discussions and face-

28. ATTRIBUTION - VISUAL
Speaking Up by HowardLake http://www.flickr.com/photos/howardlake/5540462170/sizes/l/in/photostream/
Trees by Mark Sebastian http://www.flickr.com/photos/markjsebastian/506960906/sizes/l/in/photostream/
Balloons by Tim Geers http://www.flickr.com/photos/timypenburg/5097328888/sizes/l/in/photostream/
Important: by Valerie Everett http://www.flickr.com/photos/valeriebb/290711738/sizes/z/in/photostream/
Mask by zigazou76 http://www.flickr.com/photos/zigazou76/6824175422/sizes/c/in/photostream/
View from the Top by C.M Keiner http://www.flickr.com/photos/cmkeiner/5230441693/sizes/l/in/photostream/
Birds: by Tim Geers http://www.flickr.com/photos/timypenburg/5271241301/sizes/l/in/photostream/
RESOURCES
Discussions in Classrooms: Comparing Face-To-Face Whole Class Discussions to Virtual Discussions by Robert
Appino