2. 1
• His idea to offer excursions came to him while waiting for the
stagecoach on the London Road at Kibworth. With the opening of
the extended Midland Counties Railway, he arranged to take a
group of 570 temperance campaigners from Leicester Campbell
Street station to a rally in Loughborough, eleven miles away. On 5
July 1841, he arranged for the rail company to charge
one shilling per person that included rail tickets and food for this
train journey. He was paid a share of the fares actually charged to
the passengers, as the railway tickets, being legal contracts
between company and passenger, could not have been issued at his
own price. This was the first privately chartered excursion train to
be advertised to the general public; himself acknowledging that
there had been previous, unadvertised, private excursion trains.
During the following three summers he planned and conducted
outings for temperance societies and Sunday-school children. In
1844 the Midland Counties Railway Company agreed to make a
permanent arrangement with him provided he found the
passengers. This success led him to start his own business running
rail excursions for pleasure, taking a percentage of the railway
tickets.
4. 2
• Many people have asked about the meaning of
our name. X was inspired by a poem written
more than 800 years ago during the Song
Dynasty. The poem compares the search for a
retreating beauty amid chaotic glamour with the
search for one's dream while confronted by life's
many obstacles. '...hundreds and thousands of
times, for her I searched in chaos, suddenly, I
turned by chance, to where the lights were
waning, and there she stood.' X, whose literal
meaning is hundreds of times, represents
persistent search for the ideal.
• Robin Li
5. • Baidu.com is a Chinese search engine for
websites, audio files, and images.
• In April 2010, Baidu ranked 7th overall
in Alexa's internet rankings.
• In December 2007, Baidu became the first
Chinese company to be included in
the NASDAQ-100 index.
6. 3
• In 1960, Tom Monaghan and his brother, James,
purchased Y, a small pizza store in Ypsilanti, Michigan.
The deal was secured by a US$75 down payment and
the brothers borrowed $500 to pay for the store. Eight
months later, James traded his half of the business to
Tom for a used Volkswagen Beetle. As sole owner of
the company, Tom Monaghan renamed the business X,
Inc. in 1965. In 1967, the first franchise store opened in
Ypsilanti.
• The company logo was originally planned to add a new
dot with the addition of every new store, but this idea
quickly faded as it experienced rapid growth. By 1978,
the franchise opened its 200th store
10. 5
• Y was started after Graham gave a talk at his alma
mater, Harvard (where he earned a PhD in Computer Science),
which became, "How to Start a Startup". He suggested
founders seek seed funding from "angel investors", preferably
those who had made money in technology. He half-jokingly
added "but not me", but, feeling guilty, he soon after
organized Y to offer seed funding to startups.
• From its inception to 2008, one program was held in each of
the US cities of Cambridge, Massachusetts and Mountain
View, California.
12. 6
• We the Subscribers, Brokers for the Purchase
and Sale of the Public Stock, do hereby
solemnly promise and pledge ourselves to
each other, that we will not buy or sell from
this day for any person whatsoever, any kind
of Public Stock, at least than one quarter of
one percent Commission on the Specie value
and that we will give preference to each other
in our Negotiations. In Testimony whereof we
have set our hands this 17th day of May at
New York, 1792.
14. 7
• He started business after he travelled across the English
Channel and purchased crates of "cut-out" records from a
record discounter. He sold the records out of the boot of his
car to retail outlets in London. He continued selling cut-outs
through a record mail order business in 1970. Trading under
the name X, he sold records for considerably less than the
"High Street" outlets, especially the chain W. H. Smith. The
name X was suggested by one of his early employees because
they were all new at business. At the time, many products
were sold under restrictive marketing agreements that limited
discounting, despite efforts in the 1950s and 1960s to limit so-
called resale price maintenance. In effect, he began the series
of changes that led to large-scale discounting of recorded
music.
16. 8
• He is widely regarded as one of the earliest pioneers of hand-held
computing because of his invention of the Electronic Diary in 1975.
• In 1974, he founded a company, Wescom Switching which was one of the
first digital switching companies in the world. He developed a
revolutionary new system called 580 DSS switch, which he spent nearly
four years perfecting. Thus, in 1978, it was released to the world and it
became an instant hit becoming one of the most successful systems in the
market. Wescom was eventually acquired by Rockwell International,
where he became the Vice President.
• During his four decades as an engineer, he has filed scores of patents in
telecommunications. The latest set of patents relate to mobile phone
based transaction technology which cover the entire spectrum of
transactions, both financial and non-financial, via mobile phones.
• In 1983, he also designed his own computer-themed card game
called Compucards which used binary numbers instead of decimal (1, 2, 4,
8...) had a computer bug as the joker.
• Through the 1990s he explored the world of mobile phone transcation
technology and telecom developments in emerging markets.
• (born 4 May 1942, in Titlagarh, Orissa)
18. 9
• X was founded in 1895 by Beatrice and Sidney
Webb, initially funded by a bequest of £20,000from
the estate of Henry Hunt Hutchinson. Hutchinson, a
lawyer and member of the Fabian Society, left the
money in trust, to be put "towards advancing its [The
Fabian Society's] objects in any way they [the trustees]
deem advisable". The five trustees were Sidney
Webb, Edward Pease, Constance Hutchinson, William
de Mattos and William Clark.
• X records that the proposal to establish it was
conceived during a breakfast meeting on 4 August
1894, between the Webbs, Graham Wallas and George
Bernard Shaw. The proposal was accepted by the
trustees in February 1895 and it held its first classes in
October of that year, in rooms at 9 John
Street, Adelphi, in the City of Westminster.
20. 10
• Founded in 1853 in New York, USA
• Eiffel Tower
• Empire State Building, World Trade Center,
• The Twilight Zone Tower of Terror
• Petronas Twin Towers
• Burj Khalifa
• CN Tower
• Skylon Tower
21. • Otis Elevator Company
• The world's largest manufacturer of vertical
transportation systems today,
principally elevators and escalators.
• Pioneered the development of the safety
elevator
24. 12
• The Kijang is a pick-up or minibus sold
in Indonesia and Brunei.
• "Kijang", meaning deer in Indonesian, was first introduced in
Indonesia in 1977 and it has become the most popular car in
the country ever since. This car is also sold in other countries,
and is known as
the Unser in Malaysia, Zace in Taiwan, X and Y in India, Nepal,
and the Philippines, and Stallion and Condor in South Africa.
25.
26. 13
• In 1876, aged 30, Lars Magnus started a telegraph
repair shop with help from his friend Carl Johan
Andersson.In 1878, local telephone importer Numa
Peterson hired him to repair some telephones from the
Bell company. This inspired him to buy a number of
Siemens telephones and analyze the technology
further. He improved these designs to produce a higher
quality instrument. These were used by new telephone
companies, such as Rikstelefon, to provide cheaper
service than the Bell Group. He had no patent or
royalty problems, as Bell had not patented their
inventions in Scandinavia. At the end of the year he
started to manufacture telephones of his own, much in
the image of the Siemens telephones, and the first
product was finished in 1879. Which company's history
can be traced henceforth?
30. 15
• When his father died in 1966, X, a graduate in Electrical
Engineering from Stanford University, took on the
leadership of the company at the age 21. He
repositioned it and transformed Y into a consumer
goods company that produced hydrogenated cooking
oils/fat company, laundry soap, wax and tin containers
and later set up Y Fluid Power to manufacture hydraulic
and pneumatic cylinders in 1975. At that time, it was
valued at $2 million.
• In 1977, when IBM was asked to leave India, Y entered
the information technology sector.
• In 1979, Y began developing its own computers, and in
1981 started selling the finished product. This was the
first in a string of products that would make Y one of
India's first computer makers.
