Technical presentation with regards to technology, nano, renewables natural resources

1. MSc PROJECT
“Heat Transfer Effect on a
Nanostructured Tungsten Layer”
Shell Technical Presentation
Ch. Pramod Kumar
17th July 2007

2. Nanotechnology
Objective
Approach
Modeling
Computer Modeling
Analysis
Conclusion
Possible Future Applications
Why Nano as SSSC?
Motivation through Education
Synopsis

3. Nano composite: Structures created by packing nanoparticles in a well defined pattern.
Nano: one billionth of a metre (10-9 m)
Composite: a material that is made from several different substances.
Nanotechnology: “The technology at molecular scale”
Human hair: 1µm
Nanotechnology

4. Heat Transfer Effect on a Nanostructured Tungsten Layer
In macroscopic world: Tungsten is used for:
In nanoscopic world possible applications………………??????????????
Microelectronic
packing
Mobile/PDA Power plants Machinery
Objective

5. Modelling: Four Layered Metal Ceramic Structure (FLMCS)
Tungsten+ Silica + 2 layers of Barium Titanate
W
BaTiO3
Nanotechnology: Tungsten is being looked for applications as a composite instead of
standalone material
Surface protection
Minimised Heat Transfer
Longer shelf life (for future possible applications)
Project Heat Transfer Effect on a Nanostructured Tungsten Layer
Approach

6. Tungsten (W): High melting point 3410°C
Boiling Point ~5700°C
Low expansion coefficient
Barium Titanate (BaTiO3): Significant grain orientation
High dielectric ferroelectric ceramics
(electrical – fuel cells)
Silica used for the surface uniformity of the layers
How do we study the Heat Transfer characteristics…………..??????
Contd…

7. Roughness
“Measurement of small-scale variations in the height of a physical surface”
Macroscopic Roughness > Nanoscale Roughness
Higher Surface area of contact for interaction
Variation types:
Linear Defect (1-Dimensional)
Planar Defects (2-Dimensional)
Point Defects (3-Dimensional)
Modelling

8. Random Clustered
3.25% 50%
Cross-section-SA
Planar Defects:
Linear Defects: protrusions and indentations
Point Defects:
Modelling Roughness of FLMCS
Software (DIGIPAC, Ht3) & Theory
Computational modelling

9. Cross-section-SA
Functional/Thermal properties:
Effective thermal conductivity vs. Surface Area of contact-roughness
Effective thermal conductivity Vs Roughness (contact surface
area)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
0 20 40 60
Roughness (Surface area as %)
EffectiveThermal
Conductivity(W/mC)
keff(max)-
analytical
keff -simulated
keff(min)-
analytical
Analysis

10. Cross-section-SA
Fig: FLMCS with increased roughness
*Note: All the simulations are performed on the basis of conduction
depending on surface contact area. No convection, radiation or external
heat energy
Contd…

11. Cross-section-SA
Effective thermal conductivity decreases as the surface area of contact is
decreased by Fourier heat transfer law
Possible prediction of complex functional properties through simulations
Barium titanate with improved grain orientation brings novel change in heat
transfer through the structure
Simulated values lies in the range analytical values.
Fig: FLMCS with increased roughness
Conclusion

12. CNT NC
QW
CNT- Carbon Nano Tubes
NC – Nano Composites
QW- Quantum WiresAPPLICATIONS
SPECIFICATIONS
EXPLORATION
OF OIL
OIL RECOVERY POWER ENERGY
MUD-PUMPED
POWERED DRILLS
DRILL ENGINES
TO DRILLS
WELL CAPS,
RUBBERS,
DRILL BITS
GASKETS
NANO BATTERIES
NANO ENABLE D GRID
WITH STORAGE AND
DISTRIBUTION CAPACITY
AS AN IDEA
SHIPPING OF ELECTRICITY
FROM ONE PLACE TO
ANOTHER SIMILAR TO OIL
BATTERY SIZED TO W,M/C
NO NEED TO COOL DOWN TO
CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURE
AS SUPERCONDUCTORS
1 COPPER WIRE = 2000 AMP
1 AQW (QUANT) = MILLIONS
OF AMPS
AQW – ARMCHAIR QUANTUM
WIRE
Possible future applications

13. NANO = MORE CONTACT SURFACE AREA + SELF ASSEMBLY/RECOVERY
= MORE POSSIBILITIES OF REACTIONS AND RESULTS
IF NANO-COMPOSITES ARE ADDED WITH
SSSC = SURFACTANTS + SURFACE AREA + SELF ASSEMBLY + CATALYSTS
MORE REFINED HYDRO-CARBONS FROM CRUDE DURING
EXPLORATION, EXTRACTION AND REFINING
EXAMPLE FOR HYDROPHOBIC SURF
NANO-COMPOSITE/POLYMER
COATING ON WELL CAPS WITH
HYDROPHOBIC SURFACTANTS
WATER REPELLANT
= OIL RECOVERY PROCESS
(EOR)
EXAMPLE FOR HYDROPHILIC SURF
ALLUMINIUM ALLOYS + H2O
HYDROPHILIC SURFACTANTS
NANO-COMPOSITE COATINGS
ALLUMINIUM OXIDE + H2
= H2 IS FUEL FOR CARS AND
AUTOMOBILES
NOTE : SURF = SURFACTANTS; CONTENT FROM SCIENCE DAILY AND GOOGLE WEBSITES
Why nano as SSSC ?

14. Why does it inspire me? Interest in Science, Einstein’s Ideas and Father’s Encouragement
Inspiration = (Power) (Creativity. Confidence. Challenge)
I = P C3 -----------(Equation 1)
Whereas, According to Ampere’s Law, P=VI = I2 R
Equation 1 can be written as
I = (I2 R) C3 --------(Equation 2)
According to great Einstein’s equation E = mC2  C2=E/m -----(Equation i)
Substituting Equation (i) in Equation 2 we get,
I = I2 R (C. E/m)
Which can be written after solving
m = I C R E
(me, Motivation, mass)= (Inspiration) (Creativity) (Recognition) (Education)
Motivation (Encouragement) = (Individual) (Creativity) ------- Einstein’s greatest quote
What inspiration? Creativity and motivation
Motivation through education