Comp tia n+_session_06

CompTIA N+ Certification: TCP/IP Services Attended Installation
Installing Windows XP Professional Using

Objectives

In this session, you will learn to:
Identify NetBIOS name resolution methods.
Identify common TCP/IP utilities and their functions.
Identify the primary upper-layer services in use on a TCP/IP
network.
Identify TCP/IP interoperability services.

Ver. 1.0 Session 6 Slide 1 of 41


NetBIOS Name Resolution

Microsoft networks can use NetBIOS names to
communicate.
NetBIOS names need to be resolved to protocol address for
successful communication.



NetBIOS Names

• NetBIOS names are a 16-byte common name format
developed by IBM and Microsoft to identify network devices.
• NetBIOS name consists of:
Fifteen bytes representing characters in the name.
Sixteenth byte representing the network service code.
NetBIOS of every node on the network must be unique.

DepartmentFiles 20 = Server service

15 bytes 16th byte



NetBIOS Broadcast Name Resolution

The original NetBIOS name resolution method was to
broadcast the NetBIOS name and wait for a response from
the device with the name.

Name and
MAC address

Broadcasts



Windows Internet Name Service (WINS)

WINS is the Microsoft’s NetBIOS name server, which was
developed to reduce the number of NetBIOS name
resolution broadcasts.
The WINS server uses a name resolution table to map
NetBIOS names to protocol addresses.
WINS clients are configured with the IP address of the
WINS server, for automatic registry to the WINS database.
WINSClient02 WINSClient01

WINS database

239.175.75.10
WINSClient01

WINSClient02 239.175.75.11

WINSClient03 239.175.75.12

WINSClient03 WINS



The WINS Name Registration Process

The following figure shows the WINS name registration
process:
WINS WINS database

239.175.75.10

WINSClient01 WINSClient01

Registers name Duplicate name registration
until lease expires fails



The LMHOSTS File

• An LMHOSTS file is a text file that contains NetBIOS
name–to–IP address mappings, each on a separate line.
• LMHOSTS stands for LAN Manager HOSTS.
• LMHOSTS files are of following types:
Local
Centralized

Comments preceded Space between
IP address NetBIOS by the # symbol sections
name



Activity 7-7

Activity on Viewing
a Sample LMHOSTS File



The NetBIOS Name Resolution Process

The following figure shows the NetBIOS name resolution
process:

3 Broadcast

2 WINS

1 NetBIOS cache 4 LMHOSTS



Non-WINS Clients

WINS also supports adding non-WINS-enabled client’s
names, such as names of UNIX servers, through manual
entries to the static database of WINS server.
WINS

Static database entry

WINS client UNIX server
(Non-WINS client)



WINS Proxy Agents

A WINS proxy agent enables non-WINS clients to use
WINS for name resolution.

Non-WINS
Non-WINS client WINS
client broadcasts

WINS proxy agent

Proxy agent
intercepts broadcast



TCP/IP Utilities

The TCP/IP protocol suite provides a host of utilities that
can be used to troubleshoot and configure connectivity and
name resolution.
Some of these utilities are:
The Tracert Utility
The Netstat Utility
The Nbstat Utility
The Nslookup Utility
The Arp Utility



The Tracert Utility

• The Tracert (or Traceroute) utility determines the route data
takes to get to a particular destination.
• The Tracert utility is used with ICMP protocol.

Total number
of hops to
remote host

Response time
Routers in trace path
at each router
to destination



The Netstat Utility

• The Netstat utility shows the status of each active network
connection.
• The Netstat is used with TCP and UDP protocols.
Address of the
end of the connection

Socket state of
the connection

Protocol Local address
and port of the
beginning of
connection



The Nbtstat Utility

• The Nbtstat utility is a Windows utility that is used to view
and manage NetBIOS over TCP/IP (NetBT).

NetBIOS name 16th-bit IP address
service code associated with
in hexadecimal NetBIOS name

Name type – can Time remaining
either be unique until cache
or group entry is purged



The Nslookup Utility

• The Nslookup utility is used to test and troubleshoot
domain name servers.
• Nslookup Syntax:
[-option ...] [computer-to-find | - [server]]
Nslookup has two modes:
Interactive mode
Non-interactive mode
Entering interactive mode

Address of default
DNS server

Query results for
www.everythingforcoffee.com



The Arp Utility

• The arp utility supports the ARP service of the TCP/IP
protocol suite.
• It enables an administrator:
To view the ARP cache
To add or delete cache entries

ARP cache

IP address MAC address Entry type



Activity 7-9

Activity on Using
TCP/IP Diagnostic Utilities



TCP/IP Upper-Layer Services

Nodes are assigned IP address so that they can
communicate within a TCP/IP network.
The various TCP/IP upper-layer services are:
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Telnet
Network Time Protocol (NTP)
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
Post Office Protocol Version 3 (POP3)
Internet Mail Access Protocol (IMAP4)
Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP)
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
HTTPS



File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

• FTP enables the transfer of files between a user’s
workstation and a remote host.
• FTP service must be running on the remote host and the ftp
utility might be installed on the client.

FTP daemon FTP utility



Activity 7-11

Activity on Using the
Command-Line FTP Utility



Activity 7-12

Activity on Using a
Browser as an FTP Client



Telnet

• Telnet is a terminal emulation protocol that enables a user
at one site to simulate a session on a remote host as if the
terminal were directly attached.

Telnet daemon

C:> telnet 10.1.1.3
Password:



Network Time Protocol (NTP)

• NTP is an Internet standard protocol that synchronizes the
clock times of computers in a network.
• NTP runs continuously in the background on a computer.

Master Clock

09:21:40:23

NTP



Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

• SMTP is used to send email from a client to a server or
between servers.
• SMTP uses a store-and-forward process.

SMTP

Email server Email client



Post Office Protocol Version 3 (POP3)

• POP3Office Protocol version 3 (POP3) is a protocol used
Post is a protocol used to retrieve email messages from a
mailbox onemail messages from a mailbox on a mail server.
to retrieve a mail server.
• Email messages wait in the mailbox on the server until the
client retrieves them.

POP3
POP3
POP3


Email client



Internet Mail Access Protocol (IMAP4)

• IMAP4 is also used to retrieve messages from a mail
server.
• IMAP4 enables users to search through messages by
keywords.
• IMAP4 also enables users to choose which messages to
download locally.
Mail managed on
server
IMAP4 server Email client



Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP)

• NNTP is a protocol used to post and retrieve messages
from the worldwide bulletin board system called USENET.
• USENET contains more than 14000 forums called as
newsgroups.

Subscriber



Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

• HTTP is the TCP/IP service that enables clients to connect
and interact with websites.
• HTTP is a stateless protocol.
• HTTP supports persistent connections to web resources to
reduce reconnection times.



Activity 7-13

Activity on Using
HTTP to View a Website



HTTPS

• Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) is a secure
version of HTTP.
• HTTPS supports web commerce by providing a a secure
connection between a web browser and server.



TCP/IP Interoperability Services

Some of the TCP/IP interoperability services provided by
TCP/IP suite are:
Line Printer Remote (LPR) and Line Printer Daemon
(LPD)
Network File System (NFS)
Secure Shell (SSH)
Secure Copy Protocol (SCP)
Server Message Block (SMB)
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
Zeroconf (Zero Configuration Networking)



Line Printer Remote (LPR) and Line Printer Daemon (LPD)

• LPR and LPD can be used with TCP/IP for network printing.
• LPR client sends a print request to the IP address of the
LPD print server.

LPD
LPR



Network File System (NFS)

• NFS is a client/server application that enables users to
access shared files stored on different types of computers
and work with those files as if they were stored locally.

UNIX Windows



Secure Shell (SSH)

• SSH is a program that enables a user or application to log
on to another computer over a network, execute
commands, and manage files.

Password
Password is
encrypted
011001

slogin

Session is
secured



Secure Copy Protocol (SCP)

• SCP uses SSH to securely transfer computer files between
a local and a remote host, or between two remote hosts.

SCP
SSH



Server Message Block (SMB)

• SMB is a protocol used for sharing resources such as files,
printers, and serial ports between computers.

NetBIOS client

TCP/IP
IPX/SPX
NetBEUI



Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)

• LDAP is a protocol that defines how a client can access
information, perform operations, and share directory data on
a directory server.
LDAP/DNS client

LDAP server DNS server

LDAP servers store DNS locates
directory data LDAP servers



Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

• SNMP is an Application-layer service used to collect
information from network devices for diagnostic and
maintenance purposes.
SNMP agents

Servers

Routers

Printers



Zeroconf (Zero Configuration Networking)

Zero Configuration Networking (Zeroconf) is a proposed set
of standards that provides for:
Network-layer address assignment
Automatic multicast address assignment
Name/address resolution
Discovery of network services



Summary

In this session, you learned that:
NetBIOS name resolution resolves the NetBIOS names to
protocol address and are used on Microsoft networks.
The TCP/IP utilities gather information about how the systems
are using and communicating over TCP/IP and also provides
information when communication is not working properly.
The TCP/IP upper-layer services helps in executing tasks
such as :
– Transferring and sharing files
– Reading and sending emails
– Reading and posting messages on a newsgroup
– Browsing the World Wide Web
– The TCP/IP interoperability services enables the devices that
are not natively compatible to securely communicate and
share resources over a network.


Comp tia n+_session_06

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