Presentation by: Dolgorsuren Azzaya 3.3 Governance and coordination The session will discuss how countries can maintain national leadership and coordination of adaptation efforts at all levels and to act as the main interface with regional and international mechanisms. It will introduce key considerations for the creation and/or enhancement of mandate for the process to formulate and implement NAPs at the national level, and further look at the experiences from countries.

1. Dr.Z.BATJARGAL Zamba
National Focal Point
Dr.AZZAYA Dolgorsuren
General manager & Scientific secretary
Information and Research Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Environment
(IRIMHE),
Juulchny gudamj-5, Ulaanbaatar-46, 14201, Mongolia
azzaya.do@gmail.com
3.3.GOVERNANCE AND
COORDINATION
Country experiences (Mongolia)
Bonn, Germany
13 July 2016

2. Country experiences (Mongolia)
Global
0.85°С
(1880-
2012)
Mongolia
2.07°С
(1940-
2014)
Geographically, Mongolia is landlocked,
highly elevated, approximately 1500 m
above the sea level, surrounded by high
mountains and consists of taiga forest,
steppe, semiarid, arid and desert.

3. Climate change in Mongolia
Generally Mongolian climate is dry
and cold continental, which is
characterized by small precipitation
and huge diurnal range of
temperature.
Annual mean temperature varies from
8 to -100C, precipitation falls from 50 to
500 mm in year.
According to 1940-2014 data air
тemperature has increased by 2.070C,
for winter 2.60C,
for summer 1.40C and
precipitation is decreased by 4%,
for summer by 7%,
for winter it has increased by 24%
The annual precipitation is decreased
during the periods since 1960 to 1980
and from middle of 1990 to 2000. The
annual precipitation has increased
from 1980 to middle of 1990, except
Govi area of Mongolia.
Source IRIMHE

4. Climate change in Mongolia
• Extreme hot days are increased by 8 days. The daily maximum surface
air temperature for the period from 1980 to 2000 was 23.00C in the
1980s, 24.10C in 1990s and 25.50C in 2000s. In the last three decades,
the decadal slope of increasing for the peak of daily maximum surface
air temperature is 1.10C to 1.40C, which tells that Mongolian area is
getting warmer. Heat wave duration is increased by 11 days. The
widespread HW was a rare event in the beginning of the study period, a
total of 14 days accounts in the 1990s and none in the 1980s. Along with
increasing HW, widespread HW accounted 20 days for 2002 only and
total 64 days were observed in the 2000s, in which HW is more frequent
and severe and occurred almost every three years [E.Enkhbat, 2015].
• Extreme cold days is decreased by 5 days. The cold wave is decreased by
8 days. Growing season length is extended by 14 days. Even cases dust
storm in the autumn and beginning of winter in Govi region of Mongolia.
In last 2 decades, the frequency of extreme events has doubled
[IRIMHE, 2014].

5. Current status of Mongolia
- Ratification of the UNFCCC (1993)
- Ratification of the Kyoto Protocol (1999)
- In recent years Mongolia has also joined 14
environment- related UN conventions and
treaters, including the UNFCCC.
- Preparation of first Biennial Update Report (BUR)
- Preparation of Third national communication (TNC)
- Initial national communication (1st November 2001)
- Submission on NAMAs (28th January 2010)
- Second national communication (10th December 2010)
- National Action Program on Climate Change (6th January 2011)
- Technology Needs Assessment (2013)
- Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) (2015)

6. National Action Program
on Climate Change (NAPCC)
 First NAPCC was developed and approved in 2000 and it was
updated by the State Great Khural (Parliament) in January 2011.
 The main goals of the program are to ensure environmental
sustainability, development of socio-economic sectors adapted to
climate change, reduction of vulnerabilities and risks, and
mitigation of GHG emissions as well as promoting economic
effectiveness and efficiency and implementation of ‘green growth’
policies.
 The implementation of the NAPCC will help Mongolia to create the
capacity to adapt to climate change and establish a foundation for
green economic growth and development.
 NAPCC includes both Adaptation and Mitigation strategies and
measures for key socio-economic sectors of the country.

7. NAPCC: Strategic objectives
In order to achieve the goal of the program, the following
5 strategic objectives have been defined:
1. Set up legal, structural and management systems that support
measures against climate change
2. Ensure ecological balances and reduce socio economic
vulnerabilities and risks step by step through strengthening of
national adaptation capacity to climate change
3. Mitigate GHG emission step by step and set up low carbon
economy through introduction of environment friendly
technologies and improvement of effectiveness and efficiency.
4. Enhance national climate observation network, research and
assessment
5. Conduct public awareness and support citizen and community
participation in actions against climate change

8. NAPCC: Implementation period and phases
National action program on climate change will be implemented in two phases in
the period 2011 to 2021.
In the first phase (2011-2016), national mitigation and adaptation capacities will
be strengthened, legal, structural and management systems will be set up and
community and public participation will be improved.
In the second phase (2017-2021), climate change adaptation and mitigation
measures will be started up to implement.
 The Government approved the Action Plan of Implementation of the NAPCC
First Phase in November 2011.
 Implementation Period: 2011-2016
 Main Target: National mitigation and adaptation capacities will be
strengthened, legal, structural and management systems will be set up and
community and public participation will be improved.
 The responsible government and local organizations for planned activities and
measures were identified .

9. Adaptation strategy
Development of national adaptation strategy focusing on issues of national
concern and most vulnerable sectors to adverse impacts of climate change
Integration into National and sectoral development policy and programmes
and projects
Evaluation of concrete and practical adaptation measures that could possibly
decrease the vulnerability and sensitivity of most vulnerable sectors and
areas.
The identified adaptation measures would involve a range of possible
actors. Successful adaptation requires coordination between central and
local levels of management.
Improve adaptive capacity at all levels (national, sub-regional, sectoral,
communities, etc.)
Implementation of most of adaptation measures requires heavy
investments. Mongolia has many other socio-economic problems and
financial constraints. Therefore, it is important that at the national
planning level, the available funds are more clearly prioritized and
allocated according to the objective of the economic and technical criteria.

10. Government Policy goals and targets for Climate
Resilient and Low Carbon Development
Name 1. NATIONAL ACTION PROGRAM ON CLIMATE CHANGE (approved by Parliament in 2011)
Specific Targets Specific fuel consumption of electricity generated in the central energy system will be reduced by 10-20 gJ/ kW h,
Specific fuel consumption of thermal energy production will be reduced by 20 kgJ/gCal compared to 2010, Share
of Renewable energy sources in the energy balance will reach 10 % , Heat use will be reduced by 25 % [by the end
of first phase].
Duration 2011-2021 (to be implemented in 2 phases)
Name 2. NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY PROGRAM (approved by Parliament in 2005)
Specific Targets To increase share of renewable energy in total energy generation to 20-25% by 2020, and to reduce system loss by
more than 10% (baseline yr. 2005) by 2020
Duration 2005-2020
Name 3. NEW RECONSTRUCTION MIDTERM DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM (approved by Parliament in 2010)
Specific Targets To decrease air pollution -30% by 2012, -50% by 2016 compared to 2010
Duration 2010-2016
Name 4. GREEN DEVELOPMENT POLICY (Approved by Parliament in 2014)
Specific Targets To increase share of RE in the total installed capacity to 20% by 2020, and 30% by 2030 and to reduce CO2
emissions per GDP twice compared to 2006 by 2020, and 2.5 times by 2030.
Duration 2014-2030 (to be implemented in 2 phases)

11. Needs Assessment and Project Concept to Advance
National Adaptation Plan in Mongolia
• Building Mongolia’s capacity to advance the National Adaptation Planning
process
– Duration: XXXX
– Estimated budget: XXXX
Vision for adaptation: Increased adaptive capacity to overcome negative
impacts of climate change, and to strengthen resilience of ecosystem and
socio-economic sectors.
Adaptation aims to reduce risks and vulnerabilities for the following
sectors:
 Animal husbandry aims to maintain ecosystem balance through
improving pasture management.
 Arable farming aspires to meet the total national need in crops by
reducing bare fallow and soil moisture loss, introducing medium and
long-term varieties of crops, increased irrigation with water saving
technologies including snow, and rain water harvesting.

12. Project components, outcomes and outputs
to advance the NAP process in Mongolia
Project components,
outcomes and outputs to
advance the NAP process
in Mongolia
Project component
Project Outcomes Project Outputs
Estimated
Costs
(in USD)
NAP TG Element and
functions covered
Technical and institutional
capacity for the NAP process in
Mongolia.
1. Capacity of all stakeholders to
advance the NAP process strengthened
at national level and provincial level
improved.
1.1 Training manuals and awareness raising events for
the public and private sector including government,
NGOs, CSOs and, local communities on the need for
and process toward medium- and long-term
adaptation.
1.2. National Coordination Mechanism (NCM or focal
point) established for the NAP Process with vision and
mandate from GoM.
1.3 Roadmaps developed for engaging all stakeholders
(private sector, civil society, government and local
Government, etc.) to advance the NAP process,
including: i) dynamic institutional arrangements to
facilitate and coordinate the NAP process; and ii)
mandates of government at national, provincial and
local levels.
1.4 Integrated approach to adaptation planning that is
gender responsive, promoted through review of
existing local/ sectoral development strategies and
resilient climate change programs and plans, including
National Action Programme on Climate Change
(NAPCC), Green Development Policy(GDP), Intended
Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs), and
other policy documents.
500,000 Element A – Laying the
groundwork
Essential functions covered:
EF. 1 Helping governments to
provide national leadership
and coordination at all levels
and to act as the main
interface with regional/int’l.
mechanisms.
EF. 3 Identifying and
addressing gaps and needs
related to capacity for
successful design and
implementation of adaptation.
EF. 4 Assessing climate
development linkages and
needs and supporting
integration of CCA into
national and subnational
development and sectoral
planning.

13. Project components, outcomes and outputs
to advance the NAP process in Mongolia
Climate information systems
for prioritising adaptation
needs.
2.0 Activities and adaptation
strategies developed based on climate
information and projections of CC
impacts on key vulnerable sectors in
Mongolia
-System for developing, upgrading and
sharing information to advance the
NAP process strengthened.
2.1 A strategy developed and implemented to
strengthen and sustain systems for upgrading and
sharing climate information through various
forecast technologies.
2.2 Standardised framework developed – that is
embedded in existing programmes and policy for
community—for community-based climate
information on adaptation priorities.
2.3 Long-term research programmes established to
measure the effectiveness of policies and practices
providing adaptation benefits in the medium- and
long-term.
2.4 Access to information on medium and long-term
adaptation strategies and interaction of policy
makers and research improved through the
establishment Information-sharing platforms and
forums, including a knowledgebase of observed
impacts, vulnerabilities and potential interventions.
2,000,000 Element A – Laying the
groundwork
Element B – Preparatory
elements
Element D – Reporting,
monitoring and review
Essential functions covered:
EF. 2 The collection, compilation,
processing and dissemination of
data information and knowledge
on CC and related development
aspects in support of adaptation
planning and implementation.
EF. 5 Analyzing climate data and
assessing vulnerabilities to
climate change and identifying
adaptation options at the sector,
subnational, national and other
appropriate levels.
EF.10 Coordinating reports and
outreach on the NAP process to
stakeholders nationally and
internationally on progress to
the Convention.

14. Project components, outcomes and outputs
to advance the NAP process in Mongolia
Social and economic
development in Mongolia
that integrates adaptation to
climate change in medium
and long term.
3.0 Setting the scene and creating an
enabling environment for
mainstreaming of CCA into social
and economic development planning
in Mongolia in the medium and long
term.
3.1 Policy assessment for identified climate-
vulnerable sectors: Animal husbandry and arable
farming)
3.2 Gender gap survey and vulnerable group
analysis undertaken and incorporated in an
inclusive perspective in all CCA policy and project
interventions addressing concerns of both
genders and providing an equal platform for
vulnerable groups such as women, children,
herders and farmers.
3.3 Policy dialogue platforms for disseminating
policy messages on the NAP process including
lessons learned through the iterative process of
integrating climate change into sector policies are
established/strengthened.
3.4 Detailed economic study – including a review
of reports on the cost of adaptation in similar
countries – to estimate the costs of implementing
the updated policy documents, strategies and
sectoral development plans informed by the
studies.
3.5 Training toolkits provided for GoM to
integrate adaptation priorities into social and
economic development.
1,000,000 Element A – Laying the
groundwork
Element C – Implementation
strategies
Essential functions covered:
EF. 4 Assessing climate
development linkages and
needs and supporting
integration of CCA into national
and subnational development
and sectoral planning.
EF.7 Promoting and facilitating
the prioritization of CCA in
national planning.
EF.8 Facilitating the
implementation of adaptation
at all levels through
appropriate policies, projects
and programmes, taking into
account opportunities for
synergy.

15. Project components, outcomes and outputs
to advance the NAP process in Mongolia
Funding the NAP process
4.0 Funding strategy for NAP
established in Mongolia, including
pilots to inform medium to long-
term adaptation investments.
-CC adaptation and risks
management are mainstreamed into
GoM’s budgeting systems and
funding is allocated for adaptation
interventions.
4.1 An Assessment of costs of meeting integrated
adaptation needs in Mongolia including: i) existing
financial management systems for adaption to
climate change ii) total amounts of adaptation –
related to expenditure in Mongolia capacity of
government institutions to mobilize and channel
funds for adaptation and iii) policy directives for
climate related expenditure
4.2 Strategy for GoM to effectively mobilize,
utilize funding resources for adaptation, including
innovative mechanisms such as Corporate social
responsibility to involve the private sector, and
revise existing mechanisms that facilitates
sustainable development.
4.3 Long-term research programmes including
landscape-scale Ecosystem based Adaptation
pilots to inform future investments in adaptation
across sectors.
2,000,000 Element A – Lay the
groundwork and address gaps
Element B – Preparatory
elements
Element C – Implementation
strategies
Essential functions covered:
EF.7 Promoting and facilitating
the prioritization of CCA in
national planning
EF.6 Appraising options to
support decision making on
adaptation investment plans
and development planning.
EF. 4 Assessing climate
development linkages and
needs and supporting
integration of CCA into national
and subnational development
and sectoral planning.

16. Project components, outcomes and outputs
to advance the NAP process in Mongolia
Monitoring, reviewing and
reporting on the NAP process
in Mongolia.
5. 0 Capacity to monitor and review
the NAP process in Mongolia
strengthened.
-Effectively piloting the NAP process
and informing future adaption
strategies on internalization,
prioritization following climate
information system, sustainability of
funding, and monitoring and
evaluation.
5.1 Building on existing national monitoring and
reviewing system for the NAP process – including
specific metrics to document the progress – for
the NAP process in Mongolia. Include a system to
periodically disseminate the results from the
monitoring and reviewing process and successes
and challenges of the NAP process to the public.
5.2 Technical training of national and local
government representatives to implement the
monitoring and reviewing system of the NAP
process conducted.
5.3 NAP progress reports and communication
material on NAP formulation, implementation,
funding and monitoring to learn from the NAP
process in Mongolia.
500,000 Element D – Reporting,
monitoring and review
Essential functions covered:
EF.9 Facilitating and
monitoring, review and
updating of adaptation plans
over time, to ensure progress
and effectiveness of adaptation
efforts and to demonstrate
how gaps are being addressed.
EF.10 Coordinating reports and
outreach on the NAP process to
stakeholders nationally and
internationally on progress to
the Convention.

17. Thank you for the attention