1. RUSSIAN
REVOLUTION

2. a. CZAR NICHOLAS II
ROMANOV: autocrat: all
power rests w/ strict
ruler. Relied on army &
huge govt to hold power.
b. Had 4 daughters, 1 son &
wife ALEXANDRIA
• *Alex was German & kept
him cut off from events
during war

3. THE CZAR & FAMILY

4. ROMANOV
FAMILY

5. CZAR NICHOLAS

6. ALEXANDRA

7. THE LOVE
STORY
• I never dreamt that
our married life would
have been so perfect,
such utter happiness
you have brought me.
Alexandra’s letter to
Nicholas, 20
September 1898
• (don’t write)

8. ANASTASIA

9. The girls: Anastasia, Tatiana,
Maria & Olga

10. ALEXEI

11. ALEXANDRA & RASPUTIN
•Alex was under the
influence of GRIGORI
RASPUTIN, a Siberian
peasant who claimed to
be a holy man & could
supposedly stop bleeding
of son Alexei

12. THE ONE AND ONLY
RASPUTIN

13. MORE
PROBLEMS •Rasputin helped
Alex make bad
decisions,
causing military
& eco disaster
&making people
angry w/ Czar.
•Aristocrats kill
Rasputin.

15. PROBLEMS:
1.Too big! 125 mil people, little
communication
2. Russia not ready for WWI.
Few weapons & few factories
3. Czar had no military training,
few competent military leaders,
major losses
4. Out of date farming, poor
working conditions
5. 90 % poor, uneducated serfs
6. Lost war w/ Japan in 1905

16. Bloody Sunday (don’t write)
• No political parties, no constituion
• In Jan 1905, 200000 people went to place
with petition for better working
conditions, legislature, vote & freedoms.
They sang “God
Save the Tsar” &
were led by a priest)
• Soldiers open fire,
kill 500-1000?
• Duma created

17. • The DUMA, (legislative
body), met March 12th 1917
even though Czar had
gotten rid of Duma
• Set up a provisional govt &
asked Czar to step down.

18. •MARCH REVOLUTION-
10,000 female factory
workers strike in
Petrograd, upset w/
bread rationing.
•Call for general strike.
•Soldiers sent to stop it,
end up joining in.

19. MARCH REVOLUTION

20. • New Provisional Govt
created by Duma headed by
ALEXANDER KERENSKY
• Gave freedom of assembly
speech press, vote
• Made mistake of
staying in WWI,
upsetting peasants,
workers.

21. •The SOVIETS- city
councils of workers &
soldiers, challenged
new govt over
decisions

22. VLADIMIR
LENIN was the
leader of the
Bolsheviks
(Communists)

23. • Believed in book
COMMUNIST
MANIFESTO by
KARL MARX
which said
Proletariat (poor
workers) will
overthrow
bourgeoisie (rich
owners)

24. •Most
Bolsheviks
were
lower
class
& had new
radical
ideas.

25. •Bolsheviks want:
1. violent overthrow of
govt.
2. control of Soviets
3. Lenin saw Provisional
govt as chance for
Bolsheviks to take
over

26. Bolsheviks promise to
end war, redistribute
land to poor, give
factories to committees
& govt power to Soviets
(the councils).

27. •Oct 1917, the
Bolsheviks had
a majority in 2
important
Soviets
(Moscow &
Petrograd, led
by Leon
Trotsky).

28. • Bolsheviks seize Winter
Palace on Nov. 6th &
destroy Provisional Govt.
• All Russian Congress of
Soviets meets in Petrograd,
but Lenin fakes turning
over power (kept
it for himself)

29. • Bolsheviks (now called
Communists)
• Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
gave Germany land to get
out of war humiliating
Russia : Poland, Finland,
Ukraine & Baltics.

30. •Many oppose
Communists
(Cossacks,
liberals,
socialists).
•Allies send
troops & supplies to
fight Communists.

31. •April 1918
royal family
jailed.
Murdered
on July 16th
(or are
they?)

35. COMMUNIST RED ARMY
• 1918-1921:
Communist
Red Army
fights
against Anti-
Communist
White Army.

36. • By 1920,
White army is
defeated.
& Communists
take over
Ukraine,
Georgia,
Azerbaijan &
Armenia

37. RUSSIAN CIVIL WAR

38. WHY DID THE COMMUNIST REDS WIN?
• Communists used WAR
COMMUNISM- govt
control of banks, industry,
wheat & centralization
of govt to get
supplies for
army.

39. THE CHEKA
Used Red secret
police – called
the CHEKA- to
destroy anyone
against the new
govt.

40. • DON’T WRITE
• Trotsky was
brilliant
• Had single-
minded purpose
• Anti-communist
disorganized &
not united
• Allies were hated
for supporting
anti-communists