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1. Chemistry for Kids
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Atoms &
Molecules
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2. It’s like this....
Atoms & Molecules
electron(-)
+
proton(+)
Matter can be described as any
object that occupies space and has
neutron (o)
weight and mass. It is always found
in one of three states- solid, liquid
or gas, but no matter which state
it is in, matter is made up of microscopic particles called atoms.
An atom is a particle that is the most basic unit of matter. Any
substance, whether solid, liquid or gas, is made up of millions of
these tiny particles. The word atom comes from the Greek word
'atomos' meaning indivisible.
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3. Atoms & Molecules
The theory that matter is made up of these tiny particles was
put forth by ancient Indian and Greek scientists. However this
theory could not be proven because of the lack of technology.
These miniscule particles are so tiny that they can only be
observed with a very powerful instrument called a 'scanning
tunneling microscope'. With its help scientists were able observe
and records the nature of this tiny particle.
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4. Atoms & Molecules
The structure of an atom very closely resembles that of an egg.
It has a nucleus in the middle like the yolk of an egg. This part
is made up of positively charged
protons and neutrally charged
Electron
Nucleus
neutrons. Around the nucleus are (protons + neutrons)
negatively charged electrons
like the white of an egg which
rotate around the nucleus in
fixed orbits.
Egg
Orbit
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5. Atoms & Molecules
The number of protons in an atom is known as the atomic number.
Therefore if an atom has the atomic number 8 means that
there are 8 protons in the nucleus and that the atom is of the
element Oxygen. You can also safely say that all oxygen atoms
will have 8 protons.
Atomic number = Number of protons
When two or more atoms combine they give rise to a molecule. A
molecule can be made up of many atoms of the same element as
in the case of 2 oxygen atoms combining to form O 2 Or
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6. +
Atoms & Molecules
H
O
+
H
+ + + +
- + -+
H
H
O
a combination of atoms of different
elements where 2 hydrogen atoms
combine with one oxygen atom to form
H 2 O (water). There are 112 elements
known to man, so can you imagine the
different permutations and combinations
of molecules that can exist freely in
nature or be synthesized in a laboratory?
For more such fun chemistry articles and videos, visit:
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H
H
O
H
H
O
+ -+
H
H
O