July 2008 Upper Mapping and Binding Exchange Layer UMBEL: A Subject Concepts Reference Layer for the Web

UMBEL is . . . . . . a lightweight reference structure for placing Web content and data in context with other data. . . . is comprised of about 20,000 subject concepts and their relationships — with one another and with external vocabularies and named entities . . . . free , non-commercial and open source under a Creative Commons Share Alike ver. 3.0 license.

. . . a lightweight reference structure for placing Web content and data in context with other data.

. . . is comprised of about 20,000 subject concepts and their relationships — with one another and with external vocabularies and named entities .

. . . free , non-commercial and open source under a Creative Commons Share Alike ver. 3.0 license.

Subject Concepts 20,000 defined reference points in information space Means to assert what a given chunk of content is about Enable similar content to be aggregated Place content in context with other content Aggregation points for tying in named entities Totally derived and a subset of OpenCyc, the open source version of the Cyc knowledge base http://www.opencyc.com http ://www.cycorp.com

20,000 defined reference points in information space

Means to assert what a given chunk of content is about

Enable similar content to be aggregated

Place content in context with other content

Aggregation points for tying in named entities

Totally derived and a subset of OpenCyc, the open source version of the Cyc knowledge base

Derived from OpenCyc . . . 90% reduction

Named Entities The places , events , people , objects , and specific things of the real world Literally millions of notable instances Each belongs to one or more subject concept(s) Currently, the predominate basis for Linked Data Important sources include Wikipedia (Yago) and other public sources Can be readily mixed-and-matched with private entities

The places , events , people , objects , and specific things of the real world

Literally millions of notable instances

Each belongs to one or more subject concept(s)

Currently, the predominate basis for Linked Data

Important sources include Wikipedia (Yago) and other public sources

Can be readily mixed-and-matched with private entities

UMBEL is a Meta Layer for Metadata Provides a standard set of subjects for tieing in content and datasets

Provides a standard set of subjects for tieing in content and datasets

UMBEL is Middleware UMBEL ontology is based on RDF RDF Schema vocabulary of SKOS (Simple Knowledge Organization System) OWL Full to aid class, domain and range relationships with external ontologies Provides excellent interoperability Any external content (ontologies + named entities) Any external content (ontologies + named entities)   UMBEL  OpenCyc (inferencing, structure and other tools)

UMBEL ontology is based on RDF

RDF Schema vocabulary of SKOS (Simple Knowledge Organization System)

OWL Full to aid class, domain and range relationships with external ontologies

Provides excellent interoperability

UMBEL is a Roadmap A set of roadsigns to help find related content A contextual way to get from one concept space to another More detailed maps used for specific domains

A set of roadsigns to help find related content

A contextual way to get from one concept space to another

More detailed maps used for specific domains

UMBEL is a Backbone The backbone to UMBEL is the relationships amongst its subject concepts The backbone provides the contextual graph for inter-relating content The backbone is a reference structure for more specific domains or ontologies The backbone is contextual , and relatively stable and constant

The backbone to UMBEL is the relationships amongst its subject concepts

The backbone provides the contextual graph for inter-relating content

The backbone is a reference structure for more specific domains or ontologies

The backbone is contextual , and relatively stable and constant

UMBEL is an Ontology The UMBEL ontology is based on RDFS, SKOS and OWL-Full 1 The UMBEL ontology is a binding vocabulary and relationships for tieing Web datasets together The UMBEL ontology introduces: 3 new classes 9 new properties (predicates) The UMBEL ontology is available at: 1 RDFS – Resource Description Framework Schema; SKOS – Simple Knowledge Organization System; OWL – Web Ontology Language

The UMBEL ontology is based on RDFS, SKOS and OWL-Full 1

The UMBEL ontology is a binding vocabulary and relationships for tieing Web datasets together

The UMBEL ontology introduces:

3 new classes

9 new properties (predicates)

The UMBEL ontology is available at:

1 RDFS – Resource Description Framework Schema; SKOS – Simple Knowledge Organization System; OWL – Web Ontology Language

‘ Exploding the Domain’ Each subject concept is an individual of the skos:Concept class, which are themselves OWL classes Since subject concepts are classes, can relate to external ontology classes using rdfs:subClassOf and owl:equivalentClass Under right circumstances, can also inherit properties Through inferencing, silo data now can inherit open world understanding, therefore:  exploding the domain

Each subject concept is an individual of the skos:Concept class, which are themselves OWL classes

Since subject concepts are classes, can relate to external ontology classes using rdfs:subClassOf and owl:equivalentClass

Under right circumstances, can also inherit properties

Through inferencing, silo data now can inherit open world understanding, therefore:

 exploding the domain

A Deep Dive into the Backbone . . . . . . all 20,000 nodes

A Deep Dive into the Backbone . . . . . . top 750 nodes

A Deep Dive into the Backbone . . . . . . top 350 nodes

A Deep Dive into the Backbone . . . . . . zeroing in on ‘automobiles’

A Deep Dive into the Backbone . . . . . . zeroing in on ‘Saabs’

The UMBEL Ontology

Re-use of Existing Ontologies Properties of the Dublin Core ontology: dcterms:language Properties of the SKOS ontology: skos:prefLabel skos:altLabel skos:definition skos:broader skos:narrower skos:related skos:broaderTransitive skos:narrowerTransitive seven other minor ones Properties of the RDFS ontology: rdfs:subClassOf Properties of the OWL ontology: owl:equivalentClass

Properties of the Dublin Core ontology:

dcterms:language

Properties of the SKOS ontology:

skos:prefLabel

skos:altLabel

skos:definition

skos:broader

skos:narrower

skos:related

skos:broaderTransitive

skos:narrowerTransitive

seven other minor ones

Properties of the RDFS ontology:

rdfs:subClassOf

Properties of the OWL ontology:

owl:equivalentClass

New UMBEL Classes umbel:SubjectConcept – concrete, subject-related, and non-abstract “things” with members or instances that are part of the real world umbel:AbstractConcept – astract or ephemeral notions often used solely for organization or categorization; used only internally for graph interconnectivity umbel:Semset – sematically close terms or phrases synonymous or nearly so with subject concepts or named entities; may embrace jargon and contemporary tags

umbel:SubjectConcept – concrete, subject-related, and non-abstract “things” with members or instances that are part of the real world

umbel:AbstractConcept – astract or ephemeral notions often used solely for organization or categorization; used only internally for graph interconnectivity

umbel:Semset – sematically close terms or phrases synonymous or nearly so with subject concepts or named entities; may embrace jargon and contemporary tags

New UMBEL Predicates umbel:isAligned – associative class to subject concept link umbel:isAbout – associative named entity to subject concept link umbel:isLike – associative link between individuals where similar, but exact sameness uncertain umbel:hasSemset – links a subject concept to its semset umbel:linksConcept – inverse property of isAligned umbel:linksEntity – inverse property of isAbout umbel:superClassOf – inverse to rdfs:subClassOf umbel:withAlignment – degree of alignment estimate for isAligned umbel:withLikelihood – degree of alignment estimate for isAbout

umbel:isAligned – associative class to subject concept link

umbel:isAbout – associative named entity to subject concept link

umbel:isLike – associative link between individuals where similar, but exact sameness uncertain

umbel:hasSemset – links a subject concept to its semset

umbel:linksConcept – inverse property of isAligned

umbel:linksEntity – inverse property of isAbout

umbel:superClassOf – inverse to rdfs:subClassOf

umbel:withAlignment – degree of alignment estimate for isAligned

umbel:withLikelihood – degree of alignment estimate for isAbout

Sample Specification

Linkage to External Ontologies FOAF (Friend-of-a-Friend Ontology) FOAF Yandex (Friend-of-a-Friend Yandex extension Ontology) RSS 1.0 (Really Simple Syndicate Ontology) SIOC (Socially Interlinked Online Communities Ontology) DOAP (Description of a Project Ontology) GEO WGS84 (Geo wgs84 Ontology) GEONAMES (Geonames Ontology) CC (Creative Commons Ontology) EVENT (Event Ontology) PO (Programme Ontology) MO (Music Ontology) FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records)

FOAF (Friend-of-a-Friend Ontology)

FOAF Yandex (Friend-of-a-Friend Yandex extension Ontology)

RSS 1.0 (Really Simple Syndicate Ontology)

SIOC (Socially Interlinked Online Communities Ontology)

DOAP (Description of a Project Ontology)

GEO WGS84 (Geo wgs84 Ontology)

GEONAMES (Geonames Ontology)

CC (Creative Commons Ontology)

EVENT (Event Ontology)

PO (Programme Ontology)

MO (Music Ontology)

FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records)

UMBEL Ontology The UMBEL ontology is available at: http://umbel.org/ontology/umbel.n3

The UMBEL ontology is available at:

http://umbel.org/ontology/umbel.n3

The First Dozen Web Services

UMBEL’s Dozen Find Subject Concepts Subject Concept Report Subject Concept Detailed Report List Sub-Concepts & Sub-Classes List Super-Concepts & Super-Classes List Equivalent External Classes Discover Subject Concepts Verify Sub-Class Relationship Verify Super-Class Relationship Verify Equivalent Class Relationship Subject Concepts Explorer Yago Ontology

Find Subject Concepts

Subject Concept Report

Subject Concept Detailed Report

List Sub-Concepts & Sub-Classes

List Super-Concepts & Super-Classes

List Equivalent External Classes

Discover Subject Concepts

Verify Sub-Class Relationship

Verify Super-Class Relationship

Verify Equivalent Class Relationship

Subject Concepts Explorer

Yago Ontology

Demos, Docs & APIs

Find Subject Concept

Subject Concept Detailed Report

Subject Concept Explorer

YAGO Ontology

Play for Yourself Access the UMBEL Web services at: http://umbel.zitgist.com

Access the UMBEL Web services at:

http://umbel.zitgist.com

Conclusion and Further Information

Why Important to the Semantic Web? Context, Context, CONTEXT For Linked Data Context ! For Web Search: Infinite facets Disambiguation Cleaner navigation For Legacy Data Stovepipes: Making the connections Closed World schemas become Open World information Context !

Context, Context, CONTEXT

For Linked Data

Context !

For Web Search:

Infinite facets

Disambiguation

Cleaner navigation

For Legacy Data Stovepipes:

Making the connections

Closed World schemas become Open World information

Context !

For Further Information Main Web site: http ://www.umbel.org Documentation: http ://www.umbel.org/documentation.html Wiki: http ://wiki.umbel.org/ Google group: http ://groups.google.com/group/umbel-ontology Slide presentations: http://www.slideshare.net/mkbergman

Main Web site:

http ://www.umbel.org

Documentation:

http ://www.umbel.org/documentation.html

Wiki:

http ://wiki.umbel.org/

Google group:

http ://groups.google.com/group/umbel-ontology

Slide presentations:

http://www.slideshare.net/mkbergman

Contributions and Thanks The Cyc Foundation – design assistance and Web services YAGO – named entities from Wikipedia Cycorp – OpenCyc and revisions and tailoring OpenLink Software – infrastructure, financing and software Zitgist LLC – staff time and hosting services

The Cyc Foundation – design assistance and Web services

YAGO – named entities from Wikipedia

Cycorp – OpenCyc and revisions and tailoring

OpenLink Software – infrastructure, financing and software

Zitgist LLC – staff time and hosting services

Contact Information Mike Bergman, editor Zitgist LLC [email_address] Fred Giasson, editor Zitgist LLC [email_address]

Mike Bergman, editor

Zitgist LLC

[email_address]

Fred Giasson, editor

Zitgist LLC

[email_address]

Thanks to for hosting us !