The document discusses the social development of adolescents and the influence of family. It states that family, especially parents, is the most influential factor. Parent-adolescent relationships involve negotiating autonomy, privacy, and individual vs. group identities. Peer relationships and friendships also play an important role by providing companionship and helping adolescents develop social skills. Autonomy increases as adolescents gain independence but still need parental support and guidance. Crowds and cliques influence social identities and relationships during this developmental period.

1. ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH

2. Social development

3. Family
influence

4. Family influence
• The single most influential factor in the development of
adolescents is the family.
• In terms of social development, there is a constant
friction of adolescent with their parents, siblings and
relatives.
• Among family members parents, of course, play the
most critical role.

5. Parent –adolescent relationships

6. Parent –adolescent
relationships
• In terms of communication negotiations centering
around three main dialectical forces at work in the
parent-adolescent relationship. These forces are
autonomy versus connection, privacy versus open
boundaries, and an inter-individual versus intergroup
dimension
It is suggested that conceptualizing parent-adolescent
communications dynamic and procession across the
short and long term may be more useful than focusing on
the parent-as-agent or issuing recipes for successful
communication with adolescents.

7. Puberty demands drastic emotional readjustment. Up
until puberty, children in emotionally healthy families
have formed close, dependent, emotional attachments
with their parents. Children have depended primarily on
their parents to meet the needs for love, affection,
approval, and support.
Parents, in turn gain satisfaction by knowing that their
children need them and depend upon them. Adolescents
need to break the emotional dependence of childhood
and re-establish more reciprocal adult ties with parents.

8. However sometimes disagreements
may occur with parents in terms of the
following:
•Values – Parents and adolescents are
facing a conflict of values. Usually there is a
large amount of congruence between
parents and adolescents on such values as
educational goals, career issues,
religious beliefs, political beliefs and
values; there are conflicts that exist within
the individual.

9. ROLE OF PARENTS IN
GUIDING ADOLESCENTS
Adolescence is an important period of growth in
which, ideally, a healthy transition from dependence
on family occurs, young people are increasingly
less likely to need family involvement and support in
their lives.
adolescent relationships with parents move to
inter-dependence, resulting in reciprocally
supportive and connected networks not just with
family members, but also friends, partners,
colleagues and others

10. The role of parents in an adolescent's
life, protective factors - such as
providing a being secure base,
caring, providing a feeling of
connectedness and being valued,
providing support and giving a sense
of belonging - are linked to positive
outcomes in adolescence and beyond .

11. For example, one longitudinal study in the US showed
that adolescents who felt highly valued and were able to
confide in family members at age 15 had substantially
reduced risks for mental illness at age 30.The benefits of
parental monitoring and limit-setting are also
emphasized within the literature.
with poor parental monitoring clearly linked to negative
outcomes in adolescence, such as antisocial behavior,
substance use and sexual risk-taking The limits set by
parental monitoring, however, may provoke tension as
the adolescent negotiates the struggle between
developing their autonomy while continuing to have
close bonds with their parents .

12. peer relationships or
friendships

13. peer relationships or
friendships
Friendship is a factor in the socialization of
adolescents. It plays an important role in the quest for
self-knowledge and self-definition.
Friends are sources of companionship and recreation,
share advice and valued possessions, serve as trusted
confidants and critics, act as loyal allies and provide
stability in times of stress or transition.
•The adolescent desires emotional independence
and part of emotional fulfillment from friends that
was earlier provided by the family.

14. •Through interaction with peers, adolescents learn
how to resolve differences in ways other than direct
aggression. Observing how peers deal with conflicts
could be helpful in learning assertive behavior,
•Also through conversation and debate with peers,
adolescents learn to improve socials skills, develop
reasoning abilities and learn to express feelings in
more mature ways.

15. • Sexual attitudes and sex-role behaviors
are shaped primarily through peer
interaction.
• Peer groups also help adolescents
evaluate the values of his or her peers
and decide what is right, thus helping
them to strengthen their moral
judgment and values.

16. Autonomy
Autonomy in adolescence - individual movement toward adult
status, making one's own decisions and living with the
consequences, emotional detachment, financial semi-
independence, disengagement from parents, school affiliations,
and so on.

17. Adolescent cliques are cliques that develop
amongst adolescents. "clique" is used to
describe a group of 2 to 12 (averaging 5 or 6)
"persons who interact with each other more
regularly and intensely than others in the same
setting Cliques are distinguished from "crowds" in
that their members interact with one another .with
cliques is part of normative social development
regardless of gender, ethnicity, or popularity.

18. 1) Crowds and the way they are categorized help adolescents
learn about the alternative social identities that are available to
them.
2) The crowd adolescents belong to strongly influence whom
they are likely to meet and spend time with.
3) Crowds shape their members interpersonal relations.

20. Presented by
Meenakski B you
Thank