The document outlines the history of human settlement in South America from 12,000 BC to 1534 AD. It describes changes over time in food supply, social structure, housing forms, pottery production, and major archaeological sites from the earliest hunter-gatherer populations through the establishment of cities and empires. Key periods include the Pre-Ceramic, Formative, and post-1500 periods of cultural development. Archaeological evidence such as tools, bones, and human remains provide information about early life ways and diet.

2. 12.000 BC – 1534 AC
TIME FOOD SUPPLY
12000 – 3900 BC HUNTERS - COLLECTORS
3900 – 1300 BC AGRICULTURE; THEY EAT
WHAT THEY PLANT;
HUNT, FISH AND HERD
LLAMAS
1300 – 550 BC AGRICULTURE; THEY
TRADE HARVEST
SURPLUS
550 BC – 1500 AC AGRICULTURE; THEY
TRADE IN MARKETS;
ALLIANCES
1500 – 1534 AC AGRICULTURE, POTTERY,
HANDICRAFTS, TRADING,
CITY PLANNING

3. 12.000 BC – 1534 AC
TIME SOCIAL STRUCTURE
12000 – 3900 BC “BANDA”
3900 – 1300 BC TRIBES
1300 – 550 BC COMPLEX TRIBES
550 BC – 1500 AC CHIEF OR LANDLORD
1500 – 1534 AC EMPIRE

4. 12.000 BC – 1534 AC
TIME HOUSING FORMS
12000 – 3900 BC CAMP SITES
3900 – 1300 BC ISOLATED VILLAGES
1300 – 550 BC CONCENTRATED
VILLAGES
550 BC – 1500 AC SMALL CITIES OR TOWNS
1500 – 1534 AC CITIES

5. 12.000 BC – 1534 AC
TIME POTTERY
12000 – 3900 BC PRECERAMICO
3900 – 1300 BC FORMATIVO TEMPRANO /
MEDIO
1300 – 550 BC FORMATIVO TARDIO
550 BC – 1500 AC DESARROLLO REGIONAL
E INTEGRACION
1500 – 1534 AC INTEGRACION

6. FORMATIVO TEMPRANO
FORMATIVO TARDIO

7. HOW DID THEY GET SOUTH AMERICA?
• THEY CAME FROM EGIPT
• THEY CAME FROM
POLYNESIA
• THEY CAME THROUGH
BERING STRAIT
• THEIR ANCESTORS WERE
ALIENS?

8. BERING STRAIT THEORY

9. THEY KNOW HOW TO …
• PLANT AND HARVEST
• HUNT AND HERD
• DESIGN AND MAKE TOOLS
• MAKE FIRE
• TRADE

10. HOW DO WE KNOW ABOUT THEM?
ARCHEAOLOGY
SETTLEMENT
REMAINS
POTTERY

11. INGA CHOBS
9000 BC HI
8000 BC
CUBILAN LAS VEGAS JONDACHI
8000 BC 8000 BC 8000 BC

12. “EL INGA”
ARCHEOLOGISTS: ROBERT BELL AND ERNESTO SALAZAR
FINDINGS ANALISIS SHOW THAT FIRST NATIVES WERE
• EXPERIENCED HUNTERS
• THEY DEVELOPED THEIR OWN TOOLS FROM ROCK,
WOOD AND BONE
• LIVING IN TWO DIFFERENT CAMPSITES
• IN THE FIRST ONE WOMEN COLLECTED FOOD
• IN THE SECOND ONE MEN HUNTED

13. CUBILAN AND CHOBSHI
ARCHEOLOGISTS MADE ALMOST THE SAME FINDINGS AS
“EL INGA”
BUT THEY COULD RECOGNIZED WHAT WAS THEIR DIET.
DEER - GUINEA PIGS - RABBITS
LAS VEGAS
ARCHEOLOGIST: KAREN STOTHERT FOUND 31 SITES IN
“SANTA ELENA”
MAIN FINDINGS:
• SEA ANIMAL BONES
• TOOLS MADE OF STONE, SHELLS
• HUMAN BONES

14. “LOS AMANTES DE SUMPA”

15. JONDACHI
ARCHEOLOGIST: PEDRO PORRAS GARCES
FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT FIRST NATIVES WERE
CONSTANTLY MOVING AND LOOKING FOR FOOD
ARCHEOLOGISTS HAVE FOUND KNIVES AND
TOOLS MADE OF OBSIDIAN USING PERCUSION

16. PLACE PRE-CERAMIC ARCHEOLOGICAL SITES