8. It is their work, always
taken extremely seriously
and “is the hallmark of the
paradoxically useful
uselessness of extended
immaturity”
From butterfly to caterpillar: How children grow up by Alison Gopnik
9. There is much we do not
recognise and there is so
much we ignore from our
immature days of play,
learning and discovery
10. Many examples of how
children view the world.
How behaviours change
as babies mature and
develop
18. The length of looking
indicates the level of
interest it has in what it is
looking at
19. The object then disappears and then
reappears. If the pattern is ʻpredictableʼ
they will look for X time. If the pattern is
broken, say for example it appears
higher or lower than anticipated, the
baby will look for X + Y time (longer)
and can be said to be more interested
in the object
20. small children will only
ever look at the adultʼs
finger pointing, not where
it is pointing
21. (Up until the age of approximately
12-15 months) The human is the only
mammal that does this. This is a fine
example of not taking for granted that
everyone sees what you expect them
to see (or hope they will see)
22. later they begin to look
where in the direction of
where it is pointing...
23. Just because you design
something and point people
at it doesnʼt necessarily mean
they will see it the way you
anticipated. Sometimes they
will only look at your pointing
25. young children learn how
to look and discover
where things are, go to
and appear
26. There are two places to hide a ball: either
behind point A or behind point B. To begin
with a ball is hidden behind point A. Then
while the child is watching, take the ball and
hide it behind point B. Then ask the young
child: “Where is the ball?” The young child
will first look behind point A and then move
onto looking behind point B. As they mature,
they will find the object behind point B at the
first attempt.
37. The self is now recognised as separate
from the caregiver. For children up to the
age of 6 years old, it is widely accepted
that separation anxiety is their predominant
concern
39. It is a huge development in
small children when they
learn that people see things in
a different way and from
different angles than
themselves
40. Jean Piagetʼs A, not-B error: Person A hides
an object from Person B in Place X. B then
goes away. A then moves it to Place Y. When
B returns, A asks B where he will look for the
object. Up to a certain age, children will say
X
41. one of the great insights
into human interaction
and behaviour
42. Children will stand in
front of you when you are
watching the television
when they want to watch
it too
43. They donʼt know that what
they see, the television
screen, is not what you see
(their presence blocking
the television screen)
44. Reading a book with a child. The child
will hold it so they can see the book.
After acquiring Theory of Mind they will
hold the book so that you can see the
book too
46. Young children do not
understand the
significance of the
transformation between
states
47. transforming the shape of
a liquid (pouring it from
one container into another)
does not change the
amount
48. In front of a 5 year old child, pour the same
amount of milk into one squat glass and one
tall glass and then ask the child which glass
has the most in it? The child will say the tall
glass. Again in front of the child, pour the milk
out of the squat glass into a new tall glass
and the milk out of the first tall glass into a
new squat glass. Again, ask the child which
glass has the most in it and it will say the tall
glass.