2.1. sgi alessandro bettin - focus on technical activities

2nd AQUAKNIGHT Conference,
21 May 2014, Aqaba, Jordan
Alessandro Bettin (Italy)1
AQUAKNIGHT – Focus on Technical Activities
Alessandro BETTIN
SGI Studio Galli Ingegneria SpA

Type of Leakage
• Physical Leakage
– Breaks in mains and service
connections
– Background losses (valves,
not detectable small leaks)
• Apparent Losses
– Unauthorized use
– Illegal Connections
– Errors in meters and/or out of
order meters

PRODUCTION
(Water Saving)
PHYSICAL
LEAKAGE
APPARENT
LOSSES
PRODUCTION =
Leakage Reduction Benefits
EFFICIENCY
EFFICIENCY =
$ Marginal Cost of Water
$ Retail Cost of Water

Pressure
Management
Pressure
Management
© WRP (Pty) Ltd, 2001
Potentially Recoverable
Real Leaks
Pipe Materials
Management:
selection,
installation,
maintenance,
renewal,
replacement
Pipe Materials
Management:
selection,
installation,
maintenence,
replacement
Speed and
quality
of repairs
Active
Leakage
Control
Optimal Level of Leakage
Unavoidable Leaks
Active
Leakage
Control
Speed and
Quality of
Repair
Real Leaks
The 4 fundamentals
Actions for leakage
Reduction and Control

Permanent sectors
Single supply pipe
Closed boundary
Flow meter on inlet
Quantify leakage in
each DMA
Locate leaks
Active Leakage Control Methodology

AQUAKNIGHT Objectives
1. Reduce the water losses of distribution systems and
rationalise demand in line with the environmental policies of
all MED States.
2. Enhance the capacity of Mediterranean water operators in
Non Revenue Water management by means of Active Leakage
Control and improved water metering
3. Validate / Develop best practices to manage real and
apparent water losses in the Mediterranean context

AQUAKNIGHT Pilot Projects
• Development of 5 parallel pilot projects:
• Alexandria (Egypt)
• Aqaba (Jordan)
• Tunis (Tunisia)
• Lemesos (Cyprus)
• Genova (Italy)

Pilot Preparatory Activities
• Selection of the Pilot District
Metered Area (1,000-3,000
users)
• Set up of the pilot DMA
– field surveys and network
mapping
– Boundary valve survey aimed at
verifying their tightness
– Installation of flow and pressure
meters
Flow meter installation at TUNIS pilot DMA

Pilot DMA setup (Lemesos)
INLET CHAMBER
Flow meter, pressure regulation, Telemetry
Average Pressure
High Pressure
Low PressureSub-District

Procurement of equipment
1. Procurement of equipment
– Flow and pressure monitors, data loggers, AMR, Unaccounted
Flow Reducers, leakage detection equipment, PRVs
2. Civil works for the construction of chambers to install
Flow Meters, PRVs, etc.
Pressure reducing valve
(downstream pressure control, open/close capability)
Strainer
(meter protection)District meter
(mechanical “Woltman” type)
Pressure sensor
(downstream pressure monitoring)
Strainer
(meter protection)
Strainer
(meter protection)District meter
District meter
Pressure sensor
Pressure sensor

Bulk Meters Installation
Bulk Meter Installation
In Aqaba Pilot Area

Active Leakage Control in Pilot DMA
• Verification of the pilot DMA
boundaries:
1. Installation of inlet flow meter
2. Installation of pressure meters
inside/outside DMA
3. Closure of boundary valves
4. Zero pressure test
AWCO – Pressure Meters Alexandria Pilot

Active Leakage Control in Pilot DMA
Zero Pressure Test (Lemesos)

Calculation of NRW Components
1 1.1 1.1.1 1.1.1.1 A.
Distribution Authorised Billed Revenue Water
Input Consumption Authorised 17671
Volume Consumption 1.1.1.2 17671
17671 63.61%
0
17671 1.1.2 1.1.2.1 B.
Unbilled Authorised Non- Revenue
Consumption 0
1.1.2.2
0
0
1.2 1.2.1 1.2.1.1
27782 Water Apparent Losses
Losses 88.36
971.905 1.2.1.2 10111
3.50% 36.39%
883.55
10111 1.2.2 1.2.2.1
Real Losses
8517.095
1.2.2.2
9139.095
32.90% 0
1.2.2.3
622
Leakage on Transmission and/or Distribution Mains
Leakage and Overflows at Utility’s Storage Tanks
Leakage on Service Connections
Simplified Water Balance using the IWA methodology (all figures in m3)
Unbilled Metered Consumption
Unbilled Un-metered Consumption
Unauthorised Consumption
Customer Metering Inaccuracies
Period: 2/1/2013 to 2/5/2013
Billed Metered Consumption
Billed Un-metered Consumption

Calculation of NRW components
Spread sheet for calculating Water Losses and Leakage Performance
Indicators - Available in English, Arabic, Greek and Italian

0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
05/05/2012
00:00
05/05/2012
02:30
05/05/2012
05:00
05/05/2012
07:30
05/05/2012
10:00
05/05/2012
12:30
05/05/2012
15:00
05/05/2012
17:30
05/05/2012
20:00
05/05/2012
22:30
FLOWl/s
DATE &TIME
Arama
Minimum Night Flow Analysis
Night Consumption = 1 l/s
Leakage = 1.22 l/s

Evaluation of Real Losses
• Leakage pre-location
using sounding, noise
logging or step testing
• Leakage pinpointing
using acoustic
equipment (correlator,
ground microphone)
• Continuous monitoring
of DMA inlet during
leaks repair to check
reduction in MNF

Leak Detection and Repair
Leaks Pinpointing and Repair in Aqaba

Evaluation of Commercial Losses
• Creation of a small subdistrict with
less than 100 users
• Leaks repair inside subdistrict
• Installation of an accurate inlet flow
meter and comparison with
accumulated customer meters
readings
• Replacement of customers old
meters with new meters
• Evaluation of Commercial Losses
recovery

AMR implementation
1. Installation and testing of an AMR system
2. Evaluation of consumption patterns and meters under-
registration
AMR Installation - IREN Genova Pilot

Evaluation of Users Meters Error
Laboratory test at UNIPA aimed at:
1. estimating metering error curves for different flow meters
classes and ages
2. Finding a direct link between meter age, network pressure
and the apparent losses
+MPEL
Flow rate
Metering
error
-MPEL
+MPEU
-MPEU
Q2 Q3 Q4Q1
Upperzone
Lowerzone
+2%
-2%
+5%
-5%

Customer Night Use Estimate
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Domestic Consumption Pattern
Italian case study from a sample AMR of 323 domestic meters

Performance Indicators

Reduction of Commercial Losses
• AWC – N°37 meters
tested in series with
new volumetric
meters. Average
Error: 23%
• AWCO - N° 75 meters
replaced (out of 177)
Commercial losses
recovery: 13%
AW

AQUAKNIGHT Capacity Building
Training Courses for EU and MPC Water Operators
1. New technologies such as AMR, mobile noise loggers,
DSS for leakage management
2. International best practice for water loss (IWA AWWA)
3. Leaks pinpointing using acoustic equipment
4. Management of leakage control strategies
5. Benchmarking and performance indicators
6. Management of Commercial losses
7. Pressure Management in Water Networks
8. International Case Studies

AQUAKNIGHT Capacity Building

Conclusion
• Physical Leakage control is the first step toward
efficiency
• Reduction of Commercial Losses is also
important giving immediate revenue with
“small” investment
• Leakage Management has to be based on an
integrated approach

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION
Alessandro BETTIN
SGI Studio Galli Ingegneria SpA

2.1. sgi alessandro bettin - focus on technical activities

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