RDF Tutorial - SPARQL 20091031

SPARQL NHN kwangsub.kim@gmail.com RDF Tutorial 2009. 10. 31

RDF ! SPARQL ! PLAY ! SPARQL 1.1 !

http://delicious.com/kwangsub.kim/bundle:RDFTutorial2009 http://vocamp.org/wiki/VoCampSeoul2009#Slides http://delicious.com/kwangsub.kim/%23VoCampSeoul2009

RDF Resource Description Framework ( ) ! ! Subject - Predicate - Object ! , (RSS) , (FOAF) ...

Graph ? SPARQL <sparql ...> <head> <variable name="x"/> <variable name="mbox"/> </head> <results> <result> <binding name="x"> <bnode>r2</bnode> </binding> <binding name="mbox"> <uri>mailto:bob@work.example.org</uri> </binding> </result> </results> </sparql>

2008-07-16 ... *http://pingthesemanticweb.com

2008-07-16 2009-10-31 2008-11-04 2009-01-08 200% 200% 4,955,878 16,705,060 7,504,227 8,826,082 *http://pingthesemanticweb.com

GRDDL SPARQL

SPARQL Simple Protocol And RDF Query Language is a query language and a protocol for accessing RDF <sparql ...> Simple Protocol <head> <variable name="x"/> <variable name="mbox"/> </head> http://semantic.lab.naver.com/rdf/endpoint/sparql?select.... <results> <result> <binding name="x"> SELECT ?email <bnode>r2</bnode> WHERE { </binding> <binding name="mbox"> ?user :email ?email. <uri>mailto:bob@work.exampl ?user :name “ ”; </binding> & } </result> </results> </sparql> RDF Query Language Graph SPO (Subject, Predicate, Object) Query Language Pattern Match

SPA RDF Query Language

Query Language

SQL vs. SPARQL Return Variables SELECT name SELECT ?name FROM users WHERE { WHERE contact=‘011-201-0000’; ?user rdf:type :User. ?user :name ?name. ?user :contact “011-201-0000”. SPO Pattern } FROM <http://semantic/users.rdf> Graph Source

Graph > Query Language > Binding > Protocol rdf:type SELECT ?name _person foaf:Person WHERE { :contact ?user rdf:type foaf:Person. “011-201-0000” :name ?user :contact “011-201-0000”. ?user :name ?name. } <http://semantic/users.rdf> FROM <http://semantic/users.rdf> <sparql xmlns=”http://www.w3.org...”> <head> <variable name="name"/> </head> ?name = “ ” <results> <result> <binding name="name"> <literal> </literal> </binding> </result> </results> </sparql>

SPARQL BASE <http://example.org/> PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> PREFIX ex: <properties/1.0#> SELECT DISTINCT $person ?name $age FROM <http://rdf.example.org/personA.rdf> FROM <http://rdf.example.org/personB.rdf> WHERE { $person a foaf:Person ; foaf:name ?name. OPTIONAL { $person ex:age $age } . FILTER (!REGEX(?name, “Bob”)) } ORDER BY ASC(?name) LIMIT 10 OFFSET 20 * SPARQL RDF Query Language Reference v1.8 by Dave Beckett.

Terms Sytax Pattern

Terms IRI : URI reference within an RDF graph <http://www.w3.org> <http://semantic.naver.com/#Movie> <abc.rdf> //base URI foaf:name //preﬁx URI , PREFIX #x00 (X) //UNICODE Datatype IRI : datatype URI <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> Plain Literal : lexical form, optionally language tag, @ko “Semantic web” , “ ”@ko Typed Literal : lexical form, datatype URI “30”^^xsd:integer “kwangsub”^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string Blank node : dummy node, node , _:a, _n06968595988

Terms NameSpace :Vocabulary URI http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns# http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/ http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ Preﬁx : URI rdf, dc, foaf RDF Graph : A Set of RDF Triples RDF Triple : S-P-O Subject : IRI or Blank Node Predicate : IRI Object : IRI or Blank Node or Literal

Terms Match : Graph SPO Query Pattern Match Solutions : Match ?x = “ ” Query Variable : Solutions ?x or $name

Play # “ ” “email” ? :email _person kwangsub.kim@gmail.com :name SELECT ?email WHERE { ?person :email ?email. ?person :name “ ”; }

Syntax - RDF Term Syntax Literals “Hi Korea” //”Hi Korea” “Hi Korea”@en // “Hi Korea”^^xsd:string // etc. integer, boolean 1 == “1”^^xsd:integer true == “true”^^xsd:boolean 1.3 == “1.3”^^xsd:decimal

Play # kwangsub email ? :email _person kwangsub.kim@gmail.com :name kwangsub@en SELECT ?email WHERE { ?person :name “kwangsub”@en. ?person :email ?email. }

Syntax - RDF Term Syntax IRI <http://example.org/book/book1> BASE <http://example.org/book/> <book1> PREFIX book: <http://example.org/book/> book:book1

Syntax -Triple Pattern Syntax PREFIX, BASE PREFIX dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/purl.org/> SELECT ?title WHERE { <http://example.org/book/book> dc:title ?title } PREFIX dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> PREFIX : <http://example.org/book/> SELECT $title WHERE { :book1 dc:title $title } BASE <http://example.org/book/> PREFIX dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> SELECT $title WHERE { <book1> dc:title $title }

Play # kwangsub email ? :like _person book:book_3 :name book:name kwangsub@en BASE <http://RDFTutorial.net/2009/> PREFIX book: <http://example.org/book/> SELECT ?book_name WHERE { ?person :like book:book_3. book:book_3 book:name ?book_name. }

Syntax - RDF Term Syntax Query Var ?var or $var Blank [ :p “v”]. == [] :p “v”. Unique Blank - IRI _b57 :p “v”. // [ foaf:name ?name ; foaf:mbox <mailto:ss@c.com>] // _b11 foaf:name ?name ; S PO . _b11 foaf:mbox <mailto:ss@c.com>

Play .# foaf:name kwangsub.kim name? _a :love _b :name foaf:name kwangsub.kim soomers PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>. PREFIX : <http://RDFTutorial.net/2009/>. SELECT $name WHERE { ?_a foaf:name “kwangsub.kim”. ?_a :love $_b. $_b <http://RDFTutorial.net/2009/name> $name. }

Syntax ; , ;, ?people foaf:name ?name ; foaf:mbox ?mbox . ~ ?people foaf:name ?name . ?people foaf:mbox ?mbox . ?people foaf:nick "Alice" , "Alice_" . ~ ?people foaf:nick "Alice" . ?people foaf:nick "Alice_" .

Play # kwangsub “ ” ? foaf:knows _a _b foaf:nickname foaf:name foaf:name kwangsub SangWon PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>. SELECT ?name WHERE { ?_a foaf:nickname “ ”; foaf:name “kwangsub”. ?_a foaf:knows ?_b. ?_b foaf:name ?name. }

Pattern Basic Graph Pattern {?people foaf:name "kwangsub".} Group Graph Pattern { {?people foaf:name "kwangsub".} {?people foaf:email "kwangsub.kim@gmail.com".} } // Filter { ?people foaf:name ?name. FILTER regex (?name, “kw”) }

Pattern Optional Graph Pattern _:a rdf:type foaf:Person . _:a foaf:name "Alice" . _:a foaf:mbox <mailto:alice@example.com> . _:a foaf:mbox <mailto:alice@work.example> . _:b rdf:type foaf:Person . _:b foaf:name "Bob" . SELECT ?name ?mbox WHERE { ?people foaf:name ?name . OPTIONAL { ?people foaf:mbox ?mbox } }

Pattern Optional Graph Pattern + FILTER SELECT ?people ?mbox WHERE { ?people foaf:name ?name . OPTIONAL { ?people foaf:mbox ?mbox . FILTER regex(?mbox, “@gmail”)} } //OPTIONAL Alternative Graph Pattern SELECT ?people ?mbox WHERE { {?people foaf:name ?name .} UNION {?people naver:name ?name .} }//UNON {?people foaf:name ?name . ?people foaf:knows ?name} UNION {? people naver:name ?name. ?people naver:knows ?name}

Constraint String Value Constraint SELECT ?people, ?name WHERE { ?people :name ?name FILTER regex(?name, “^kwan”, “i”) } //kwan Numeric Value Constraint SELECT ?people, ?age WHERE { ?people :age ?age. FILTER (?age > 30) } //30

Play # 35 35 ? foaf:knows _a _b :age foaf:name :age foaf:name 36 Dongbum 35 Haklae PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>. PREFIX : <http://RDFTutorial.net/2009/>. SELECT ?name WHERE { ?_a :age ?age. ?_a :age ?age. FILTER ( ?age >= 35 ) ?_a foaf:knows ?_b. ?_a foaf:knows ?_b. ?_b :age ?b_age; ?_b :age ?b_age; foaf:name ?name. foaf:name ?name. FILTER ( ?age >= 35 ) FILTER ( ?b_age <= 35) FILTER ( ?b_age <= 35) }

Solution Sequences and Modiﬁers Order SELECT ?people, ?name WHERE { ?people :name ?name } ORDER BY ?name // A-Z, DESC(?name) SELECT ?s ?p ?o WHERE { ?s ?p ?o } // SPO ORDER BY ?o // ???

Play # ? _d _b _a _c :age :age :age :age 45 33 21 26 PREFIX : <http://RDFTutorial.net/2009/>. SELECT ?user WHERE { ?user :age ?age. } ORDER BY ?age.

Solution Sequences and Modiﬁers Offset SELECT ?s ?p ?o WHERE { ?s ?p ?o. } OFFSET 10 //11 solutions LIMIT SELECT ?s ?p ?o SELECT ?s ?p ?o WHERE { WHERE { ?s ?p ?o. ?s ?p ?o. } } LIMIT 10 //10 solutions LIMIT 5 OFFSET 10 //

Play # , 2 ? _d _b _a _c :age :age :age :age 45 33 21 26 PREFIX : <http://RDFTutorial.net/2009/>. SELECT ?user WHERE { ?user :age ?age. } ORDER BY ?age. LIMIT 2 .

Query Form ASK PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> ASK { ?x foaf:name "Alice"; :age ?age. FILTER ( ?age > 20) } DESCRIBE PREFIX ent: <http://org.example.com/employees#> DESCRIBE ?x WHERE { ?x ent:employeeId "1234" }

Simple Protocol ARQL

Simple Protocol & RDF Endpoint HTTP SOAP ... Endpoint

Simple Protocol * HTTP Binding * SOAP Binding Request GET /sparql/?query=EncodedQuery HTTP/1.1 Host: www.example User-agent: my-sparql-client/0.1 Response <sparql ...> <head> <variable name="x"/> <variable name="mbox"/> </head> <results> <result> <binding name="x"> <bnode>r2</bnode> </binding> <binding name="mbox"> <uri>mailto:bob@work.example.org</uri> </binding> </result> </results> </sparql> * http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-protocol/

Simple Protocol * HTTP Binding Request * SOAP Binding <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <soapenv:Envelope xmlns:soapenv="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/ XMLSchema-instance"> <soapenv:Body> <query-request xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/09/sparql-protocol-types/#"> <query>SELECT ?z {?x ?y ?z . FILTER regex(?z, 'Harry')}</query> </query-request> </soapenv:Body> </soapenv:Envelope> Response <sparql ...> <head> <variable name="x"/> <variable name="mbox"/> </head> <results> <result> <binding name="x"> <bnode>r2</bnode> </binding> <binding name="mbox"> <uri>mailto:bob@work.example.org</uri> </binding> </result> </results> </sparql> * http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-protocol/

Here is a Semantic Web?

SPARQL 1.1

SPARQL 1.1 Aggregate Functions Subqueries Negation Projection Expressions Query Language Syntax Property paths Commonly used SPARQL functions Basic federated query * WG , .

Aggregate functions Ex. COUNT, MAX, MIN, SUM, AVG SELECT COUNT(?person) AS ?alices WHERE { ?person :name “Alice” . } Existing implementation. Garlik’s JXT, Dave Beckett’s Redland, ARQ, Open Anzo’s Glitter,Virtuoso, ARC Status. Required

Subqueries Ex. SELECT ?person ?name WHERE { :Alice foaf:name ?person . { SELECT ?name WHERE { ?person foaf:name ?name . } LIMIT 1 } } Existing implementation. ARQ,Virtuoso Status. Required

Negation (1/2) Ex. ex) Identify the name of people who do not know anyone. SELECT ?name WHERE { ?x foaf:givenName ?name . OPTION { ?x foaf:knows ?who } . FILTER (!BOUND(?who)) } Existing implementation. RDF::QUERY (unsaid keyword), SeRQL (MINUS keyword), ARQ (NOT EXIST keyword), SQL Status. Required

Negation (2/2) SeRQL (MINUS) SELECT x FROM {x} foaf:givenName {name} MINUS SELECT x FROM {x} foaf:givenName {name} ; foaf:knows {who} USING NAMESPACE foaf = <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> UNSAID PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> SELECT ?x WHERE { ?x foaf:givenName ?name UNSAID { ?x foaf:knows ?who } }

Project Expressions Ex. SELECT ?name (?age > 18) AS over 18 WHERE { ?person :name ?name ; :age ?age . } Existing implementation. Garlik’s JXT, Dave Beckett’s Redland, ARQ,Virtuoso, Open Anzo’s Glitter SPARQL Engine, XSPARQL Status. Required

Update Ex. INSERT DATA { :book1 dc:title “new book”; dc:creator “someone”. } DELETE { ?book ?p ?v } WHERE { ?book dc:date ?date . FILTER ( ?date < “2001-01-01T00:00:00^^xsd:dateTime ) ?book ?p ?v. } Existing implementation. ARQ,Virtuoso Status. Required Update with HTTP PUT, DELETE Existing implementation. Garlik’s JXT, IBM’s Jazz Foundation

Garlik’s JXT Aggregate Functions Dave Beckett’s Redland Subqueries ARQ Open Anzo’s Glitter Negation Virtuoso Projection Expressions ARC SeRQL Service description RDF::Query Update (REST) SQL XSPARQL IBM’s Jazz Foundation Garlik’s JXT Dave ARQ Open Anzo’s Virtuoso ARC SeRQL RDF::Query SQL XSPARQL IBM’s Jazz Beckett’s Glitter Foundation Redland Aggregation COUNT() O O O O O O SUM() O O O O AVG() O O O O MAX() O O O MIN() O O O Subqueries O O Negation O O O O Project expressions O O O O O O Service description O O O UPDATE O O Protocol O O Enhancements for Update * WG , .

Links http://groups.google.com/group/semanticwebstudy?hl=ko http://delicious.com/kwangsub.kim/bundle:RDFTutorial2009 SPARQL (IBM DevWorks) : http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/kr/library/tutorial/x-sparql/ SPARQL Working Group : http://www.w3.org/2009/sparql/wiki/Main_Page

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: http://lab.naver.com : http://semantic.lab.naver.com NHN TF

- http://groups.google.com/group/semanticwebstudy?hl=ko

RDF Tutorial - SPARQL 20091031

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