The document discusses the use of the words "this", "that", "these", and "those" to refer to objects based on their proximity. "This" and "these" are used for objects that are near the speaker, while "that" and "those" refer to objects that are farther away. Several examples are provided to illustrate the differences, such as referring to flowers as "these flowers" when holding them, compared to calling distant cows "those cows". The document also includes pictures labeling objects with the correct pronoun.