3. Properties of Solid
1. A solid has a definite volume
and definite shape. The
intermolecular force of
attraction is very strong. The
molecules are strongly held and
arranged in order.
2. A solid is rigid and cannot be
compressed easily. Molecules
are closely spaced and the
intermolecular separation is
very small which cannot be
reduced further.
3. A solid does not flow and can
be stored in a container.
Intermolecular fore of
attraction is so strong that
molecules do not flow and
leave the surface of the solid.
4. A solid on hating usually changes
into its liquid state. Heating provides
sufficient energy to molecules to
overcome the intermolecular force of
attraction. Intermolecular separation
increases, changing the solid into
liquid.
4. Properties of Liquid
1. A liquid has a definite
volume. Intermolecular
force of attraction is just
strong enough to confine
the molecules in a definite
space.
2. A liquid has no definite
shape and acquires the
shape of the container. It
can flow from a higher
lever to a lower level.
3. A liquid is compressible.
Distance between the
neighboring molecules is larger
in a liquid than in a solid.
4. A liquid can diffuse into
another liquid, but this is much
slower as compared to the
diffusion of gases. Molecules
move faster in a liquid than in a
solid but slower as compared to
the molecules of a gas.
5. Properties of Gas
1. A gas has no definite shape or
volume of its own. It acquires the
shape of the container.
2. A gas is not rigid and is easily
compressed. Intermolecular
separation is very large in gaseous
state which can be decreased by
applying pressure.
.
3. A gas on cooling changes into
liquid state. Cooling reduces
intermolecular separation and
increase intermolecular force of
attraction.
4. A gas can flow in all directions. It
requires a vessel closed from all
sides.
5 . A gas can diffuse into another gas.
Molecules in a gas move very fast.
Hence the speed of diffusion is very
large.
9. Plasma- Everything on Earth can be
explained in terms of 4 states (phases) of
matter- solid, liquid, gas. Some scientists
designate plasma as a fourth state of matter.
At very high temperatures, matter becomes a
plasma. Major physical characteristics define
each state and primarily concern volume and
shape. The Molecular Theory of Matter, Theory
of Heat and the Molecular Attraction Force
affect the states of matter. The Molecular
Theory of Matter and the Theory of Heat state
that molecules are in constant motion.
Properties describe matter.
10. Solid to Liquid-Melting
Liquid to Gas-Vaporization
Gas to Liquid-Condensation
Solid to Gas-Sublimation
Liquid to Solid-Freezing
Gas to Solid-Deposition
