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Time lapse observations
1. Time lapse observations of
pre-implantation embryos
Giles Palmer, Mitera ACU, Athens
gpalmer@mitera.gr
2. There are no commercial relationships or other
activities that might be perceived as a
potential conflict of interest
3. Time lapse in the IVF Laboratory
• Continuous viewing of embryo development
• Embryo monitored from inside incubator
• Creates archives of embryo development used to select
embryo(s) for embryo transfer
4. Embryo selection
• Embryo selection-
subjective assessment
• Call for consensus of
embryo grading
• Early cleavage, pronuclear
morphology & orientation
limited
• Trend to reduce multiple
births after ART
5. Embryo selection
• Invasive techniques
Euploid selection (PGS) not
fulfilled expectations
CGH replacing FISH
RCT underway
• Non-invasive
techniques-”omics” search for
biomarkers: metabolomics-
not implemented at present.
Promising developments but time
consuming/ technically
challenging
6. The (Short) History of Time lapse
monitoring
• Payne (1997) Preliminary observations on polar body extrusion and
pronuclear formation in human oocytes using time lapse
cinematography
• Pribenszky (2010) Pregnancy achieved by transfer of a single blastocyst
selected by time lapse monitoring
• Wong (2010) Non-invasive imaging of human embryos before
embryonic genome activation predicts development to blastocyst stage
• Meseguer (2011) The use of morphokinetics as a predictor of embryo
implantation
7. Time lapse 2013
• Primo Vision (Bright field)
• Embryoscope (Bright field-self contained incubation)
• Eeva (Dark field, automatic embryo prediction software)
Conventional incubator Time lapse microscope Microwell embryo culture dish with the developing embryos
8. Static observations are misleading!
Fragmentation:
•Pribenszky (2010)
12% embryos fragmenting
89% reabsorbed
Average time for fragments to
appear/disappear 9.1 h ( +/- 442)
Chance for NOT noticing fragments
at bi-daily monitoring: 72% !!!
Blastocyst contractions:
15. Implantation is linked to exact
timing events
Event PN appear PN fading* 1st
division* 2nd
division* 3rd
division*
Range
(h)
7.8-11.1 Out of
range
22.3-
25.8
Out of
range
24.4-
28.2
Out of
range
35.3-
40.6
Out of
range
36.0-
41.6
Out of
range
100%
Implanted
N (%)
15
(54%)
13
(46%)
23
(66%)
12
(34%)
23
(66%)
12
(34%)
13
(72%)
5
(28%)
19
(73%)
7
(27%)
0%
Implanted
N (%)
60
(49%)
62
(51%)
55
(45%)
67
(55%)
57
(46%)
67
(54%)
43
(45%)
52
(55%)
45
(45%)
56
(55%)
Herrero, 2010
20. t2 t3 t4 t5
cc2 cc3s2
t: exact time
t2: time to 2-cell
t3: time to 4-cell
t4: time to 4-cell
t5: time to 5-cell
cc: cell cycle
cc2 = t3-t2
cc3 = t5-t4
S:synchrony
s2 = t4-t3
cc2=11,8h
s2 = <0.76h
t2=25,6h (24,3-25,8h)
t3=37,4h (35,4-37,8h)
t4=38h (36,4-38,9h)
t5=52,3h (48,8-56,6,h)
Proposed a multivariable model to classify embryos into implantation potential
25. Time line profile
e
Time line profile
e
eCGH profile- molecular karyotype
3-4 Cells
Abnormal cell division & aneuploidy
26. Time line profile
e
Time line profile
e
e
3-4 Cells
Davies (ESHRE 2012) Delayed cleavage divisions and prolonged transition between 2-4-cell stages
identified as aneuploid at 8-cell by array CGH
The timing of first and second divisions were delayed in aneuploidy and more marked in those with
multiple aneuploidy
2-4 cell transition: euploidy<single aneuploidy<multiple aneuploidy
Basile (2013) Increasing the probability of selecting chromosomally normal embryos by studying their
kinetics
Classification system based on time parameters relates to selection of euploid embryos
Normal embryos A+: 36,3%, A: 33,9%;B+: 32,0%, B:19,5%;C+:14,3%, C:11,5%;D+: 10,0%, D: 9,0%
Campbell (2013) Retrospective analysis of outcomes after IVF using an aneuploidy risk model derived
from time-lapse imaging without PGS
Aneuploidy risk model
Abnormal cell division linked to aneuploidy
28. Conclusions
• Improves knowledge of in vitro embryo
development
• Potential to standardize embryo assessment
• Easily incorporated into IVF lab
• Exclude embryos with direct/ abnormal
cleavage, sub-optimum development,
fragmentation, multinucleation
• Improved embryo selection may increase
pregnancy rates
29. Cell Cycle
Nuclear organization and Mitosis
Cellular organization
Cell division
Cell synchronicity
Zygotic Clock
Maternal to zygotic
Fertilization
Maternal control Zygotic control
Karyokinetics and cytokinetics
30. Implantation is linked to exact
timing events
Herrero, 2010
Event PN appear PN fading* 1st
division* 2nd
division* 3rd
division*
Range
(h)
7.8-11.1 Out of
range
22.3-
25.8
Out of
range
24.4-
28.2
Out of
range
35.3-
40.6
Out of
range
36.0-
41.6
Out of
range
100%
Implanted
N (%)
15
(54%)
13
(46%)
23
(66%)
12
(34%)
23
(66%)
12
(34%)
13
(72%)
5
(28%)
19
(73%)
7
(27%)
0%
Implanted
N (%)
60
(49%)
62
(51%)
55
(45%)
67
(55%)
57
(46%)
67
(54%)
43
(45%)
52
(55%)
45
(45%)
56
(55%)
Editor's Notes
22% multiple births
Success rate rel. low
Tendency in N. European countries to reduce multiple pregnancies/ SET
Public health concern
Andersen (ESHRE) 2009, Seli 2011
include culture to bc LINK TH
Global view- array CGH, SNP, Next generation sequencing
EN TO SELECTION..MAYBE DON’T WANT TO GO TH BC..THEREFORE PREDICT EARLY
Autonomous incubation unit, stand alone
Others fit inside existing cabinate incubators
The first two you can programm what parametres you want
Single time point is misleading
Positive factors
PN formation
Embryo cleavage
Symmetry of cleavage
Synchrony of cells
Compaction/cavitation
(ID, interval division)
Interphase division
Complicated no!!!!Improved culture system
Embryos are cultured in a group (“group effect”)
Embryos can develop their own microenvironment
Embryos’ cross talk Vajta et al., 2008
See new paper on improved embryos
Morphokinetics link to aneuploidy detection (Davies 2012)
Classification system based on time parameters relates to selection of euploidy embryo ( Basile 2013)
Morphokinetics link to aneuploidy detection (Davies 2012)
Classification system based on time parameters relates to selection of euploidy embryo ( Basile 2013)
Useful cost effected tool to select optimum embryo selection
The timing of first and second divisions were delayed in aneuploidy and more marked when in those with multiple aneuploidy
2-4 cell transition was prolonged in
Important to link this to aneu because represents largest cause of failed implantation and miscarraige after IVF
Yang CGH shows BC can have aneuploidy
Overall time lapse markers have exhibited remarkable correlation wth human embryo devstudies shoe remarkable reproducibility across different clinics and labs..clustering on early stages before 5 cell stage
Timing from later stages a bit more subject/diff to define but may give us addition help
Dark red =at least three publications
Objective assessment
Allows for a flexible/ dynamic scoring viewed at the embryologist leisure
Insight into developing embryo
Allowing morphological analysis and temporal analysis
Kinetic markers for embryo quality a) early cleavage b) 2,3,5 cell
Exclusion factors: 1-3 cell division, abnormal timing, fragmentation, multinucleiation