2. Outline :
Introduction.
The lipidome in health and disease.
Detecting early markers of metabolic disorders.
Assessing obesity co-morbidities beyond metabolic syndrome.
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3. Introduction
Obesity : is excess body fat, stored in adipose tissue and it is usually associated with co-morbidities
-as insulin resistance, diabetes, dyslipidaemia and NAFLD … - tend to co-occur in the same
individual so they are called : Metabolic syndrome.
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o The adipose tissue expandability hypothesis : there is upper limit for fat storage in adipose tissue ,
exceeding this limit storage in non-adipose tissues as liver & muscles lipotoxicity.
4. Cont’d…
There is a near-linear relationship between body weight and insulin resistance.
Changes in the concentration of specific groups of metabolites are sensitive and
specific to pathologically relevant factors such as genetic variation, diet , age, …etc.
The pathogenic mechanisms involved in metabolic syndrome might also contribute to
the development and/or acceleration of some psychiatric disorders as schizophrenia.
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5. The lipidome in health and disease
lipidome : is used to describe the complete lipid profile within a cell.
Earlier the lipids study wasn’t important.
Recently it’s emerged as “Lipidomics” which is related closely to “metabolomics”.
Lipids have many functios in the body as :
Cell signaling.
Structural component of cell’s membranes.
Energy storage.
Lipidomics is considered one of the key technologies for studying metabolic disorders as
lipotoxicity.
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6. Detecting early markers of metabolic disorders
Determining the metabolic profiles associated with obesity is an active area of research.
For example :
Metabolomics studies identified a-hydroxybutyrate as an early marker for insulin sensitivity.
Lipidomic studies have revealed TAG with lower carbon number and double-bond content
are associated with insulin resistance, high liver fat & diabetes risk.
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7. Cont’d
ELOVL 6 is the responsible enzyme for cell membrane remodeling.
The lipids that accumulated in the membranes of adipocytes of obese patient
are precursors of pro-inflammatory lipid mediators.
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Fig. 1
8. Assessing obesity co-morbidities beyond metabolic
syndrome
Obesity and insulin resistance, NAFL and psychotic disorders.
Psychotic disorders is of increasing research interest.
The incidence of psychotic disorders peaks in young adulthood .
It has been suggested that the unhealthy lifestyle and pharmacological side effects
increase morbidity and mortality in individuals with psychotic disorders.
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9. Cont’d
Some antipsychotic drugs weight gain, insulin resistance and so metabolic syndrome.
Lipid abnormalities in the brain observed in schizophrenia include :
Alterations in free fatty acids and phosphatidylcholine in grey and white matter.
An increase in ceramides in white matter.
Several fatty acids and ketone bodies are elevated in the serum and urine
schizophrenia.
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10. To brief up :
Lipidomics has a very important relationship to metabolomics and its necessary for
any individual to monitor his food , exercise and to maintain a normal lipid profile in
his plasma so he can prevent any metabolic disturbances lead to critical changes in
his lipid profile.
قال«اَيَم ِلُك َندِع ْمُكَتَنيِز واُذُخ َمَآد يِنَبٍدِجْسَو واُبَرْاشَو واُلُكَواَل
واُفِرْسُتَينِفِرْسُمْلا ُّبِحُي اَل ُهَّنِإ ۚ(31)»األعراف31
وقال«ال كان فإن ،صلبه يقمن لقيمات آدم ابن بحسب ،بطنه من ًشرا وعاء آدم ابن مأل مابد
وثلث لشرابه وثلث لطعامه فثلث ًفاعالهِسَفَنل»وحسنه الترمذي رواه.
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11.
12. Reference
The Author : Matej Orešič
Journal : Disease Models & Mechanisms (Dis Model Mech.)
Impact Factor 2013 : 5.537
September 2012; 5 (5)
Web site of the journal : http://dmm.biologists.org/
Pubmed.com : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22915023
Dec 2014 Sep 2012